This Consensus Statement provides a nomenclature framework and experimental recommendations for studying mitochondrial transfer and transplantation.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

In this Review, the authors provide a detailed overview of insulin signalling and its dysfunction, highlighting new therapeutic opportunities.

Nshanian et al. investigate the differential effects of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate on chromatin remodelling and gain insight into the mechanisms that drive selective histone acylation.

Greda et al. show that sortilin and apolipoprotein E3 mediate import and utilization of long-chain fatty acids as a metabolic fuel in neurons after glucose restriction.

FGF21 levels increase in response to acute mental stress in individuals with impaired mitochondrial OxPhos capacity, and correlate with stress-related neuroendocrine hormones and trait-level psychosocial factors.

In the context of parental or diet-induced obesity, preweaning ketosis contributes to improved health outcomes, particularly by regulating the histone acetylome and β-hydroxybutyrylome for transcriptional activation of beige fat biogenesis genes.

The SWEET project is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial that shows that long-term consumption of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers improves body weight control and elicits beneficial gut microbiota changes in adults with overweight or obesity.

Saber et al. show that the lipase DDHD2 provides endogenous saturated fatty acids to support fatty acid oxidation and energy production, proteostasis and membrane trafficking balance.

Hepatocyte caspase-8 in MASH promotes the activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis through an apoptosis-independent mechanism

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) class of medicines has emerged as transformative for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases. On the twentieth anniversary of the approval of exenatide (Byetta), three former employees of Amylin Pharmaceuticals acknowledge the contributions of some of the individuals and the innovation responsible for delivering the first approved GLP-1RA — the forerunner to the modern blockbuster drugs.

Social media has become a go-to source for nutritional advice, and a space in which influencers compete with, and often drown out, evidence-based guidance. The scientific community should counter this viral spread of misinformation by making trustworthy information more accessible.

Obesity is a global public health concern closely linked to cardiometabolic complications. This Comment provides our views on recent breakthroughs, emerging innovations and future needs of therapeutic interventions to counteract obesity and its associated health risks.