This Review discusses recent progress in therapeutic cancer vaccines, with particular emphasis on the role of nanotechnology in supporting these advances.

This Review examines recent advances in body-interfaced biomolecular sensors for chronic disease monitoring, highlighting relevant biomarkers and nanomaterial-enabled sensing modalities, wearable form factors, clinical applications and challenges to real-world translation.

This Review provides insights into nanosensor technologies for monitoring cellular biomarkers, proposing a spatial framework to clarify their distinct advantages, challenges and performance for high-resolution, dynamic profiling of cellular analytes.

This Perspective examines the technological landscape to bridge the gaps between CRISPR-based diagnostics and nanomaterials, proposing specific synergies that could catalyse their development and application.

In a hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet device, the dynamic stray fields of current-driven vortices unidirectionally excite coherent short-wavelength magnons.

A manually operated portable water disinfection system can rapidly inactivate pathogens in water, offering a promising approach for safe water treatment in low-resource settings.

‘Ultrathin’ gold interlayers are shown to form nanoparticles that balance optical losses and electrical contact, enabling efficient perovskite–perovskite integration for scalable and durable triple-junction photovoltaics.

By carefully dispersing small amounts of Ir into the RuO₂ lattice, a Ru₆IrOₓ catalyst reduces Ir usage by 80% while still running stably for over 1,500 h at 2 A cm⁻² in both laboratory- and industrial-scale proton-exchange membrane water electrolysers.

A spatiotemporally adaptive targeting strategy ensures sequentially reprogramming metabolism of inflammatory macrophages and senescent stem cells via intracellular NAD⁺ replenishment, accelerating bone and skin tissue regeneration.

A hydrogel matrix fabricated by cryo-photocrosslinking enables the direct, scalable isolation of extracellular vesicles from diverse biofluids without preprocessing, allowing for in-gel preservation for long-term storage and biomedical applications.

We present a Focus issue on biosensing, examining sensing modalities at various length scales and their future roles in diagnostics, showcasing the field’s interdisciplinary nature.

The implementation of clinical needs and feedback throughout the development cycle of wearable health-monitoring technology is key to success. Close collaboration with all stakeholders involved will speed clinical translation to the market.

Since the term nanobiosensor first emerged over three decades ago, the field has witnessed an explosion of groundbreaking research. Thanks to the development of advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, combined with decades of expertise in biosensing, a wide range of innovative and improved nanobiosensors have been reported, but many challenges remain. For this technology to truly meet real-world needs — particularly in global health and related applications — further efforts are needed to improve performance, useability, scalability and cost-effectiveness.

With simple prompts it is possible to generate fake microscopy images of nanomaterials that are virtually indistinguishable from real images. Should we worry?

Generative AI has made it trivial to generate fake microscopy images that are indistinguishable from real images, even for experts. As researchers in nanoscience, it is time for us to face this reality and discuss strategies to conserve the integrity of our discipline.

One hundred years after the publication of the foundational works of quantum mechanics, we are witnessing the dawn of quantum industries.