PRÉ-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA

TEXTO 1.2
Disciplina: Língua Inglesa
Professora: Milena Francio
Fascículo: 04

TEXTO 1

NUTRITION RESEARCH TO AFFECT FOOD AND A

HEALTHY LIFESPAN
Authors:
Sarah D. Ohlhorst, Robert Russell, Dennis Bier, David M.
Klurfeld, Zhaoping Li, Jonathan R. Mein, John Milner, A.
Catharine Ross, Patrick Stover, Emily Konopka
Advances in Nutrition, Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2013,
Pages 579–584,
https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.004176

ABSTRACT QUESTÃO 01
Proper nutrition offers one of the most effective and least Although the two texts represent different genres (an abstract
costly ways to decrease the burden of many diseases and their and a cartoon), they both have the same theme.
associated risk factors, including obesity. Nutrition research The theme discussed in both texts is the one below:
holds the key to increasing our understanding of the causes of (A) future well-being
obesity and its related comorbidities and thus holds promise to (B) proper nutrition diet
markedly influence global health and economies. After (C) recent nutrition research
outreach to 75 thought leaders, the American Society for (D) effective agriculture supply
Nutrition (ASN) convened a Working Group to identify the
nutrition research needs whose advancement will have the QUESTÃO 02
greatest projected impact on the future health and well-being The first text presents what they consider to be the next step
of global populations. ASN’s Nutrition Research Needs focus against obesity.
on the following high priority areas: 1) variability in This next step is the following action to:
individual responses to diet and foods; 2) healthy growth, (A) understand whether nutrition is one of the key causes of
development, and reproduction; 3) health maintenance; 4) obesity and its related comorbidities
medical management; 5) nutrition-related behaviors; and 6) (B) influence global health and economics by presenting the
food supply/environment. ASN hopes the Nutrition Research results of research on nutrition and obesity
Needs will prompt collaboration among scientists across all (C) stimulate the development and adoption of new and
disciplines to advance this challenging research agenda given innovative prevention and treatment strategies
the high potential for translation and impact on public health. (D) identify which nutrition research impacts the most on the
Furthermore, ASN hopes the findings from the Nutrition future health and well-being of global populations
Research Needs will stimulate the development and adoption
of new and innovative strategies that can be applied toward QUESTÃO 03
the prevention and treatment of nutrition-related diseases. The the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) convened a
multidisciplinary nature of nutrition research requires Working Group to identify the nutrition research needs
stakeholders with differing areas of expertise to collaborate on whose advancement will have the greatest projected
multifaceted approaches to establish the evidence-based impact on the future health and well-being of global
nutrition guidance and policies that will lead to better health populations. (text 1 – l. 4-6)
for the global population.
The underlined word refers back to the words below:
From the American Society for Nutrition academic.oup.com. (A) a Working Group
Published: 05 September 2013 (B) global populations
(C) the nutrition research
(D) The American Society for Nutrition

QUESTÃO 04
Furthermore, ASN hopes the findings from the Nutrition
Research Needs will stimulate the development and adoption
of new and innovative strategies
The underlined word is similar in meaning to the one below:
(A) and
(B) that
(C) thus
(D) after
 As the weather temporarily improves, it is common for
QUESTÃO 05 families, co-workers, and school children to gather for group
In the second text, we can see the word “starch” next to the activities. If one person is sick with a cold or the flu, you may
word “salt”. see a minor “outbreak” of illness following those gatherings.
The word starch corresponds to: “When large groups gather together, we all need to be a little
(A) fried pizzas more careful about hand hygiene and covering our mouths and
(B) breadsticks noses with coughing and sneezing,” Dr. Modi says. “It’s also
(C) a kind of potato important to frequently clean shared spaces to control the
(D) a kind of carbohydrate spread of infections.”

TEXTO 2 When the weather warms up, people are eager to head
outdoors. But being extremely active on muscles and joints
CAN A SUDDEN CHANGE IN THE WEATHER that have been hibernating during the cold winter months can
AFFECT YOUR HEALTH? lead to injuries. “A good rule to remember before jumping
into those fun physical activities is to start low and go slow, at
Can a sudden shift in the weather trigger certain illnesses? least initially,” Dr. Modi says. “It might take a few weeks to
Absolutely, says Vikash Modi, M.D., a Piedmont family shake the rust off. But it will be worth the wait.”
medicine physician. In fact, climate change is one of the
environmental risk factors most doctors consider when piedmont.org, acesso em 20/09/2019.
assessing their patients for certain conditions. “Changes in
weather are basically challenges to our immune system and to QUESTÃO 06
our musculoskeletal system,” Dr. Modi says. “Our bodies get In the original text, each paragraph, except the first, had a
used to a certain climate, and when those things change heading.
suddenly, our body has to try to adapt. Unfortunately, The paragraph that can receive the heading Chronic Illnesses
sometimes our bodies have a difficult time adjusting, which is the following:
can trigger an illness.” Here are six health conditions that can (A) third
be triggered by a sudden change in the weather: (B) fourth
(C) fifth
“Often we’ll discover that patients are dressing (D)sixth
inappropriately,” Dr. Modi says. “They’re not wearing enough
layers or they’re wearing too many layers, and so their bodies QUESTÃO 07
get overheated or too cold. That can affect their immune which can trigger an illness. (l. 6)
response and can trigger upper respiratory infections.” When
temperatures are fluctuating, Dr. Modi recommends dressing The underlined word refers to the fact below:
in light layers. “Dressing in light layers is incredibly important (A) changes in the immune system.
to protect from cold temperatures in the morning and at night, (B) difficulties in climate adjustment.
and you’re still able to shed those layers in the warm mid-days (C) challenges to assess health services.
or indoor settings,” Dr. Modi says. (D) conditions to reach a certain temperature

Heating and air systems struggle to keep up with fluctuating QUESTÃO 08

temperatures, and rapidly alternating heating and cooling
systems can dehumidify air. Dehumidified air filled with People who have these conditions should be prepared to
pollen, dust, mold and mildew is a perfect storm for severe use an inhaler seasonally (l. 20-21)
and chronic sinus and throat issues. So, it’s important to
change heating and air filters every six months. “If your filters The sentence above was one way the author used to present a
haven’t been changed in more than six months, they are likely piece of advice, but he used other ways to show the same idea.
blowing dust, mold and mildew-ridden air on you and your Another example of advice is the one below:
family while you are at home or work,” Dr. Modi says. Dr. (A) If you have asthma, that response can be dangerous. (l.
Modi also recommends purchasing a humidifier to add 22-23)
moisture to the air. (B) It is common for families, co-workers and school children
to gather for group activities. (l. 28-29)
Cold air can trigger seasonal asthma or bronchitis. People who (C) It’s also important to frequently clean shared spaces to
have these conditions should be prepared to use an inhaler control the spread of infections (l. 31-32)
seasonally to avoid severe and chronic coughing episodes. (D)When the weather warms up, people are eager to head
“There is a physiological response to cold air that causes your outdoors. (l. 33)
airways to close down and tighten up,” Dr. Modi says. “If you
have asthma, that response can be dangerous. You’ll see a lot QUESTÃO 09
of people who have bronchitis, coughing, wheezing and Dr. Modi presents suggestions of what to be done when the
shortness of breath throughout cold temperatures. So, we need weather is hot and cold.
to be a little more aggressive with the control of their lung According to him, when it is cold, it is advisable to
health.” (A) wear many layers of warm clothes
(B) alternate heating and cooling systems
“Plants get just as confused as people do with the changing (C) blow dust, mold and mildew-ridden air
weather patterns,” Dr. Modi says. “This means flowers bloom (D) add moisture to the home and work air
early and release pollen, which can aggravate people with
seasonal allergies.”
 There is a man outside who wants to see you. (Há um homem
lá fora que quer falar com você).

 Whose (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas): relativo à posse, é

QUESTÃO 10 usado para pessoas e animais.
It might take a few weeks to shake the rust off. (l. 36)
That is the girl whose brother was making some magic tricks
In this text, the underlined expression may be replaced with at the party last Saturday. (Aquela é a garota cujo irmão estava
the following phrase without much change in the fazendo alguns truques de mágica na festa sábado).
meaning of the sentence:
(A) recover from a cold. This is the shirt whose sleeves are too tight. (Esta é a camisa
(B) regain physical condition. cujas mangas são muito apertadas).
(C) practice outdoor exercises.
(D)get used to low temperatures.
Quando usar who ou whom
GABARITO: 1- B 2- D 3-C 4-A 5-D 6-A 7- B 8-C 9-D 10-B
Podemos dizer que who é usado para determinar quem está
fazendo algo. Já whom é usado para determinar quem recebeu
Relative Pronouns uma ação de alguém.
  Exemplos:
Os pronomes relativos em inglês (relative pronouns) são
palavras utilizadas como sujeito ou objeto em relação ao verbo A- Who spoke to Bob? (Quem falou com Bob?)
principal. B- To whom did Bob speak? (Com quem Bob falou?)
Na frase, eles fazem referência a um termo que já foi citado
anteriormente e devem ser usados sempre para se introduzir Observe que na frase A, a intenção da pergunta é saber quem
uma oração subordinada a uma oração principal. exerceu a ação de falar com Bob.
Confira abaixo uma tabela com os principais pronomes Sempre que queremos saber quem exerceu determinada ação,
relativos: usamos o pronome who.
Já na frase B, a intenção da pergunta é saber com quem Bob
Relative Pronouns Tradução falou, ou seja, quem “sofreu a ação” de receber uma
comunicação por parte do Bob.
Who quem, que, o qual Quando queremos saber quem sofreu determinada ação
exercida por outra pessoa, usamos o pronome whom.
Whom quem
A diferença entre who e whom está relacionada com a função
Whose cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas que cada pronome exerce em uma frase:

Which que, o qual, o que Who – função de sujeito

Whom – função de objeto
Where onde, em que, no que, no qual, na qual
When quando, em que, no qual, na qual Dica: Imediatamente após uma preposição, o único dos dois
pronomes que pode ser utilizado é whom.
That que
EXERCÍCIOS
What o que
1. Go and find the driver ________ arrived here yesterday.
 That (que): relativo a pessoas, animais e coisas.
a) what
He is the man that saved the planet. (Ele é o homem que b) who
salvou o planeta). c) whose
That is the dog that bit my neighbor. (Aquele é o cachorro d) whom
que mordeu minha vizinha). e) he
This is the TV that is on sale. (Esta é a televisão que está na
promoção).
2. "He is the salesman _______ sold me the photograph."
 Which (que, o qual, os quais, a qual, as quais):
relativo a coisas e animais. a)which
b) whom
This is the bus which I take to go home. (Este é o ônibus que c) who
eu pego para ir para casa). d) whose
This is the cat which got in trouble yesterday. (Este é o gato 3.“The old man ______ was in the shop, and _____ you talked
que entrou numa fria ontem). about is not a thief."
a) whom/who
b) who/whom
 Who e Whom (que ou quem): relativo a pessoas.
c) which/whom
d) that/which
The woman whom you called is my cousin. (A mulher a quem
você ligou é minha prima).
GABARITO: 1- B 2-C 3-B