Case Study
Amazon web Services
Sumit Rathore
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University,
Introduction
Amazon Web Services is a collection of cloud computing services, also called
services that make up a cloud-computing platform offered by Amazon.com.
These services operate from 12 geo- graphical regions across the world. The
most central and well-known of these services arguably include Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud, also known as "EC2", and Amazon Simple Storage Service,
also known as "S3". Amazon markets AWS as a service to provide large
computing capacity more quickly and more cheaply than a client company
building an actual physical server farm.
History of AWS
Amazon launched its first cloud computing service, Simple Storage Service
(S3) in March of 2006. But the idea for the public cloud began germinating at
the company several years earlier.
A popular myth says that Amazon began selling public cloud computing services
because it had “excess capacity” from running its eCommerce website.
Executives have repeatedly contradicted that story, saying that Amazon Web
Services was designed from the ground up as a service for outside customers.
However, the company’s experiences with eCommerce did help lay the
groundwork for AWS.
In the early 2000s, Amazon.com’s internal development team had a problem.
They were adding a lot of software engineers, but despite the growing
headcount, the pace of development was staying about the same. The issue was
that each developer was setting up new and unique compute, storage and
database resources for each project. The IT group realized that if they could
standardize those resources and simplify the process of deploying new IT
infrastructure, they might be able to speed things up.
In 2003, former Amazon employee Benjamin Black and his boss Chris
Pinkham wrote a paper for Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos. It described
“a vision for Amazon infrastructure that was completely standardized,
completely automated, and relied extensively on web services for things like
storage.” In a blog post, Black explained, “Near the end of it, we mentioned the
possibility of selling virtual servers as a service.”
That idea cropped up again that same year when Amazon executives were
attending a retreat at Bezos’ house. As current AWS CEO Andy Jassy tells the
story, the group was working to identify their core competencies when they
realized they had become pretty good at running IT infrastructure. They began to
consider the idea of offering those IT services to other companies. The idea
gained momentum, and in 2004, Black, Pinkham and their team began work on
the project that eventually became AWS. After the launch of S3 in the spring of
2006, AWS followed up by taking its Simple Queue Service into production and
launching its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) that summer. By the following year,
the company amassed a reported 180,000 developers as customers.
In the years that followed, Amazon’s cloud quickly expanded with additional
services and more regions. In 2010, Netflix became the first company
to announce publicly that it would run all of its infrastructure on AWS. After
that, customers began to sign up even more quickly, and AWS developed the
market share that put it far ahead of all the other competitors who began to offer
their own cloud computing services.
Fig .1 : AWS Regions
Fig . 2 :Benefits of Amazon Web Services
LOCATIONS OF SERVICE
AWS is located in 12 geographical "regions": US East (Northern Virginia),
where the majority of AWS servers are based, US West (northern California),
US West (Oregon), Brazil (São Paulo). Europe (Ireland and Germany),
Southeast Asia (Sin- gapore), East Asia (Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing) and Aus- tralia
(Sydney). There is also a "GovCloud", based in the Northwestern United States,
provided for U.S. government customers, complementing exist- ing government
agencies already using the US East Region. Each Region is wholly contained
within a single country and all of its data and services stay within the designated
Region. Refer fig. I to get an overview of various Amazon Web services.
AWS SECURITY AND IDENTITY
1. AWS Identity and Access Management
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service that helps you
securely control access to AWS resources for your users. You use IAM to
control who can use your AWS resources (authentication) and what resources
they can use and in what ways (authorization). Refer fig. 2 to get an overview of
AWS Identity and Access Management
2. Features
Shared access to your AWS account .
Granular permissions
Secure access to AWS resources for applica- tions that run on Amazon
EC2
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) . Identity federation
Identity information for assurance . PCI DSS Compliance
Integrated with many AWS services . Eventually Consistent
Free to use
AWS SDKS
Fig . 3 AWS Directory Service
AWS Certificate Manager
AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) handles the complexity of provisioning,
deploying, and man- aging certificates provided by ACM (ACM Certifi- cates)
for your AWS-based websites and applica- tions. You use ACM to request and
manage the certificate and then use other AWS services to provi- sion the ACM
Certificate for your website or appli- cation. As shown by the following
illustration, ACM Certificates are currently available for use with only Elastic
Load Balancing and Amazon CloudFront. You cannot use ACM Certificates
outside of AWS. Refer fig. 3 to get an overview of AWS Directory Service.
AWS Directory Service is a managed service that makes it easy to connect AWS
services to your existing on-premises Microsoft Active Directory (AD
Connector), or to set up and operate a new directory in the AWS cloud (Simple
AD and AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory). Your directory
users and groups can access the AWS Management Console and AWS
applications, such as Amazon WorkSpaces and Amazon WorkDocs, using their
existing credentials. You have three choices:
Simple AD: Simple AD is a Microsoft Active Directory-compatible directory
that is powered by Samba 4 and hosted on the AWS cloud.
Fig . 4: AWS Directory Operations
Microsoft AD: Microsoft AD is a Microsoft Active Directory hosted on AWS.
It integrates most Active Directory features with AWS ap- plications.
AD Connector: AD Connector uses your ex- isting on-premises Microsoft
Active Directories to access AWS applications and services. Refer fig. 4 to get
an overview of AWS Directory Operations.
Who is using cloud computing?
Organizations of every type, size, and industry are using the cloud for a wide
variety of use cases, such as data backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual
desktops, software development and testing, big data analytics, and customer-
facing web applications. For example, healthcare companies are using the cloud
to develop more personalized treatments for patients. Financial services
companies are using the cloud to power real-time fraud detection and prevention.
And video game makers are using the cloud to deliver online games to millions
of players around the world.
Best Public Cloud Providers
Amazon Web Services
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the undisputed market leader in cloud
computing, from overall market share to most expansive cloud offering. It has
vast resources, allowing it to design and execute new solutions at a dizzying
pace, sometimes — or often — faster than customers can understand or
incorporate them.
Microsoft Azure
Most market analysts put Microsoft squarely in the number two spot
behind Amazon. Its cloud portfolio is exhaustive: in addition to its Azure
IaaS and PaaS offerings, Microsoft also has several SaaS offerings,
including its Office 365 products, the online versions of its Dynamics line
of enterprise software and its online developer tools.
IBM Cloud
Although it hasn’t always been considered one of the “big three” cloud
computing vendors, IBM’s cloud business has been coming on strong.
Particularly advantageous was IBM’s acquisition of Red Hat, which allows
it to leverage Red Hat’s OpenShift cloud platform, a PaaS solution geared
for containers. The company is also strong in hybrid — befitting its
customer base of large enterprise clients, which in some cases are working
on a classic lift and shift migration to the cloud, for which IBM is well
suited.
Google Cloud Platform
While it may run third behind AWS and Azure, Google is a major
contender in the cloud market. Its deep strength and data analytics and
artificial intelligence is only growing, and will likely be a major force in
the years ahead. Its industry-leading creations with TensorFlow and
Kubernetes are examples of the sophisticated solutions that earn GCP
leader status in the cloud market.
CONCLUSION
We studied various Amazon Web Services (AWS) which is a collection of cloud computing services
that make up a cloud-computing platform offered by Amazon.com. Also studied about Amazon EC2
in detail.
References
Bibiliogy
P. B. Nayak, S. Verma, and P. Kumar. Ultrawideband (UWB) Antenna
Design for Cognitive Radio. In Proc. of CODEC. IEEE, 2012.
R. Endluri, P. B. Nayak, and P. Kumar. International Journal of Computer
Applications.
Web Resources
https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/amazon/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
355040335_A_Case_Study_of_Amazon_Web_Services
https://satvikakolisetty.medium.com/a-case-study-on-amazon-web-
services-7da1cff99c4c
