Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
Date: _______________ Name of candidate:
_____________________________
Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge
Capacity Support test
PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY AND ASK IF
ANYTHING IS NOT CLEAR BEFORE YOU START THE TEST.
1. Please mark your answer clearly. If your answer is not clear then it
will score 0.
2. Answer in English.
3. You have 2:30 hour to complete the test, there are 16 questions.
4. All your calculations must appear in details. Please write them
clearly close to the answer. Any calculation answer without
justification will score 0.
5. Any candidates caught cheating will be automatically disqualified
from the test and will score 0 marks. Cheating includes:
a. Copying the work of any other person doing the test.
b. Bringing in information to assist you in answering the
questions
c. Talking or asking other candidates for assistance after the
test has began.
Good luck!
Marks: ANSWERS /60 points
+ 3 points for good written ENGLISH and 2 point PRESENTATION
= 65 POINTS
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
1.Define what health system is and explain core building blocks of health
system Strengthening . (4 marks)
Health system refers to is the organization of people, Institutions, and
resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of
target populations.
OR
WHO Definition as follows
A health system that consists of all organizations, people and actions
whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health.
WHO formulated a health systems framework that describe health systems in terms
of six building blocks
1, service delivery,:
2, health workforce
3 ,Information
4, medical products, Vaccines and 6.technologies
5, Health care financing and
6, Leadership and governance
1. Elaborate steps for preparing ReSoMal from standard ORS and
mineral mix solution.(4 points) answer :
wash hand
Emty one sanchet of ORS in a container that holds 2ml
2. ------------------------------------- is superficial foamy white spots on the
conjunctiva (white part of the eye). These are associated with vitamin
(2 points)
a. Pus and inflammation
b. Corneal clouding
c. Corneal ulceration
d. Bitots spots
e. All
f. None
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
2.In which conditions the child should be send back from home
treatment to inpatient unit (2points)
a. Weight loss for 3 consecutive weighing (non-oedematous children)
b. static weight for three consecutive weighings
c. Static weight for 5 consecutive weighing
d. Increase or development of oedema.
e. all except B
f. all except C
g. All
3. Which of the following is wrong about measures for all severely
malnourished children (2 points)
a. Feed F-75 every 2 hours, starting straight away.
b. Always give feeds throughout the day and night.
c. Keep the patient covered and away from draughts.
d. Avoid prolonged exposure (e.g., bathing, prolonged medical
examinations).
e. - Let the child sleep with the mother/caregiver at night for
warmth.
f. - Maintain room temperature between 28° C and 32° C.
g. None
4. Which term best describes growth failure? (2 points)
a. Thinness
b. Low birth weight
c. Stunting
d. Kwashiorkor
5. Which one is wrong about the management of hypothermia? (2
points)
a. Use the kangaroo technique for child with care taker
b. Monitor body temperature during rewarming.
c. Put a hat on the child and wrap mother and child together.
d. Treat for hypoglycaemia and give second line antibiotics.
e. None
6. Give 5 Reasons why Activity Progress Report is important. What are
the major components of activity progress report? : (4 Points)
Reasons are:
1 give you a chance to discuss problems in your activities or project
area.
2 to monitoring and evaluation of the progress activities
3 to stablish work schedule
4 to provide data for some one else
5 uses as ferure planing
6 enables partiners to refelect on and record the performance of
actities.
7 for governence and management arrengements.
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
Components are:
Timeliness
Completeness
Legibility
Accessibility
reliability
Introduction
Title
Conculution
7. As Health and Nutrition Surge capacity support Officer, What are
major of the activities that you would ensure that place on a day to
day basis at health facilities ? Name at least five.(5 points)
8. Describe the most common causes of under five children death in
Ethiopia in reference to recent sources, describe them in order of
their public health significance. (5 points)
8.Mention at least six key integrated Health and Nutrition
interventions/activities you need to consider in an COVID-19 response
context at treatment and isolation centres?(5 points)
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
Answer;
Integrate IYCF in different Food, Health, WASH platforms especially in food insecure
areas where prevention of wasting among under 2 is a priority .
Support and encourage pregnant women to continue attending to ANC & PNC services.
Minimize crowd size maximum of 20 persons (meaning 10 mother-baby pairs), at a time
and maintain social distance (1-2m).
Follow FMoH/WHO recommendations for precautions in health facilities and maintain
close coordination and communication with woreda health officials..
~promote the importance of adequate maternal nutrition, infant and young child feeding
practices for mothers with children under two, specifically exclusive breastfeeding for <6
month infants, continued breastfeeding and complementary feeding..
Beneficiaries cleared at the temperature check area are to be directed to the allocated
area for MUAC measurement and registration .
Upon arrival at the OTP, MHNT, TSFP, direct beneficiaries to the hand washing area and
then to the temperature check area to have their body temperature assessed using a
non-invasive thermometer which should be conducted by a health professional .
Inpatient care (Stabilization Center): strengthen respiratory infections management;
separate children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and wasting from those
without COVID-19. All COVID -19 patients should be managed in the isolation centre and
not in the stabilization centre. Hence, to anticipate on such a situation to possibly
happen in locations with high acute malnutrition and organize for the
management of SAM with medical complications and Covid19 in the isolation
centre.
9. Why is it important to have two different formulas (F-75, and F-100)
for treating Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)? What is the basic
difference between the two formulas? (3 points)
10. Explain what Adaptive Nutrition services mean and explain
Recommended measures to ensure continuity and safety of routine
services for the early detection and treatment of child wasting in the
context of COVID-19. Please provide 6 examples. (4 points)
Adaptive nutrition services are
Recomendetion; To prevent child wasting, all efforts should be made to sustain any and all services that
are:
a) improve child health.
b) improve maternal nutrition and birthweight.
c) protect, promote and support adequate infant and young child feeding and;
d) identify and intervene early with nutritionally at risk infants under 6 months.
Eg:
1 ,Improve child health in the C O N S I D E R AT I O N S of T H E
C O N T E X T O F C O V I D -1 9 by:
Modify assessment protocols4 to include COVID-19 screening, while taking necessary
infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and Maintain all acute care services for
children with continued recognition of immediate needs for suspectedCOVID-19 cases and
with referral processes adapted as needed.
2 Improve maternal nutrition and birthweight ~
Where comprehensive facility-based services are disrupted:
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
* Prioritize antenatal care (ANC) contacts for low-risk pregnant women during the third trimester, and for all
pregnant women who are assessed as high risk, including women with comorbidities, adolescent girls, and other
vulnerable groups; as well as those who are underweight, overweight, or at risk of common maternal mental health
conditions.
* Ensure that birth preparedness and complication readiness plans are adapted to take into account changes to
services.
* Where feasible, use digital platforms for counselling and screening, including for danger signs.
* Schedule ANC visits to reduce overcrowding and plan to provide all relevant care in a single visit closer to the
community, whenever possible.
* Prioritize risk assessments for conditions known to increase in the COVID-19 context, including
tobacco, alcohol and other substance use; common mental health conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression);
and gender-based violence.
* Where coverage and care-seeking have declined, ensure targeted outreach strategies (e.g., counselling, monitoring
of danger signs, etc.) are implemented in line with IPC measures.
* Plan for the catch-up of missed ANC contacts, including delivery of tetanus toxoidcontaining vaccines, and HIV
and syphilis testing. Establish mechanisms for ensuring continued early delivery of missed contacts or content.
* Plan for the catch-up of incomplete home-based records.
* Where ANC or postnatal care contacts are reduced, provide 23 months of recommended supplements per visit
(iron and folic acid supplements and calcium supplements in ANC; iron and folic acid supplements in PNC).
* Prioritise follow up for LBW infants that includes breastfeeding support as well as infant health care and maternal
well-being.
Where food distribution is significantly interrupted and/or in populations with a high prevalence of nutritional
deficiencies, the use of multiple micronutrient supplements that include iron and folic acid may be considered for
pregnant and lactating women.
Among undernourished populations, provide balanced energy and protein dietary supplementation to pregnant
women.
If ANC or PNC visits have been missed and supplementation interrupted, screen for maternal haemoglobin
concentrations upon return to the clinic and treat cases of anaemia.
3 Improve infant and young child feeding : All mothers of newborn infants,
including those with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, should be encouraged and supported
to initiate and continue exclusive breastfeeding. From the available evidence, mothers should
be counselled that the benefits of breastfeeding substantially outweigh the potential risks of
transmission.
4 Vitamin A supplementation for children aged 6–59 months as per national policy:
• If there are disruptions in routine child health visits, vitamin A supplementation may be delayed or
integrated with other programmes, such as immunization.
• Catch-up vitamin A supplementation campaigns may be needed and can be integrated with other
programmes, such as immunization. If disruptions are prolonged, monitor children for eye symptoms of
vitamin A deficiency.
• Strengthen health worker capacities to distribute vitamin A supplementation through routine health
system contacts (e.g., immunization) alongside infection prevention and control.
11.Explain major activities/action needed to be taken at Community and
health facilities level to ensure access to a core package of maternal and
neonatal health services(6 Points).
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
Health Information Systems.~ Identify gaps in current health information in the reporting of
treatment services and develop plans for feture.
Supply of essential medicines and commodities~ Maintain the
regular tracking of supply chains for essential medicines, nutrition commodities, equipment and material that needed
for maternal and child heaith
Health care financing ~• Protect funds previously earmarked for maternal and neonatal
health services from being re-allocated to other services, and whenever possible, increase financial resources for
the service.
Leadership and governance~• Set up a system to monitor service continuity that
explicitly includes maternal and neonatal health services and share results to trigger response, where and when
needed. In doing so, explore possible country-specific tools that have been developed for this purpose.
Health Workforce~ensure that are enough and well trained health workers for the
service.
12.Mention key activities to be done to ensure and strengthen
community and Government actors participation in the health
system. (5 points)
Coordination and governa
Health Information Systems
11. What is IMNCI? What is the principle of IMNCI in under five children
department? (5 Points)
### **What is IMNCI?**
**IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illnesses)** is a strategy developed by the **World Health
Organization (WHO)** and **UNICEF** to reduce mortality and
morbidity in children under five years of age. It integrates the
management of the most common childhood illnesses, such as
pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition, as
well as neonatal conditions. IMNCI focuses on improving the
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
skills of healthcare workers, strengthening health systems, and
promoting family and community practices to ensure better
health outcomes for children.
---
### **Principles of IMNCI in Under-Five Children**
The IMNCI strategy is based on the following key principles
when applied to the under-five children's department:
---
#### 1. **Holistic Approach to Child Health**
- IMNCI integrates the management of multiple diseases and
conditions that commonly affect children, rather than focusing
on a single illness.
- It addresses the most prevalent childhood illnesses and their
overlapping symptoms.
---
#### 2. **Focus on the Most Vulnerable**
- IMNCI prioritizes children under five years of age, particularly
neonates (newborns up to 28 days old), as they are at the
highest risk of mortality and severe illness.
---
#### 3. **Case Management Based on Symptoms**
- IMNCI uses a symptom-based approach to classify and
manage illnesses, as many children present with multiple
symptoms that may not correspond to a single diagnosis.
- Health workers are trained to assess and classify illnesses
using standardized algorithms and color-coded guidelines:
- **Green**: Mild illness (manage at home).
- **Yellow**: Moderate illness (manage at a health facility).
- **Red**: Severe illness (urgent referral to a hospital).
---
#### 4. **Emphasis on Prevention and Health Promotion**
- IMNCI includes counseling for caregivers on breastfeeding,
nutrition, immunization, and hygiene practices to prevent
illnesses.
- It promotes the use of vaccines, vitamin A supplementation,
and other preventive measures.
---
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
#### 5. **Strengthening Health Systems**
- IMNCI aims to improve the skills of healthcare workers at all
levels, from community health workers to hospital staff.
- It also focuses on ensuring the availability of essential drugs
and supplies.
---
#### 6. **Community Involvement**
- IMNCI encourages the participation of families and
communities in recognizing early signs of illness and seeking
timely care.
- It promotes health education and behavior change at the
community level.
---
#### 7. **Integrated Care for Neonates and Children**
- IMNCI combines neonatal care with the management of
childhood illnesses, recognizing the unique needs of newborns
and the importance of early intervention.
---
#### 8. **Evidence-Based Guidelines**
- The IMNCI guidelines are based on the latest scientific
evidence and are regularly updated to reflect new research and
best practices.
---
#### 9. **Referral and Follow-Up**
- IMNCI emphasizes the importance of timely referral for
severe cases and follow-up care to ensure recovery and prevent
complications.
---
#### 10. **Adaptability to Local Contexts**
- IMNCI is designed to be adapted to the specific health needs,
resources, and cultural contexts of different countries and
regions.
---
### **Key Components of IMNCI in Under-Five Children**
1. **Assessment**: Checking for general danger signs (e.g.,
inability to drink, vomiting, convulsions) and specific symptoms.
2. **Classification**: Using color-coded categories to determine
the severity of the illness.
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
3. **Treatment**: Providing appropriate care, including
antibiotics, antimalarials, ORS (oral rehydration solution), and
feeding advice.
4. **Counseling**: Educating caregivers on home care, feeding,
and when to return for follow-up.
5. **Referral**: Ensuring timely referral for severe cases.
---
### **Importance of IMNCI**
- Reduces child mortality and morbidity by addressing the most
common childhood illnesses.
- Promotes early detection and treatment of illnesses.
- Strengthens health systems and improves the quality of care
for children.
- Empowers families and communities to take an active role in
child health.
---
By adhering to these principles, IMNCI ensures a comprehensive
and integrated approach to managing childhood illnesses,
ultimately improving the health and survival of children under
five.
13.which is forms of acute malnutrition
A.undernutrition
B.Overnutrition
C. Wasting
14. which is forms of severe acute malnutrition
A. Kwashiorkor B.Marasmic -kwashior c C. wasting , D.
15. Which defiencies is common in the world
A. Vitamin -A, B. Iodine deficiencies, , C. Iron deficiency anaemia,
D. vitamin- C deficiencies ,E. Vitamin- D
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Ethiopia Mission Health and Nutrition Officer-Surge Capacity Support
Written test Aug. 2020
16. Last month there was 60 admission on malnutrioned children. Of these
a total of 30 children were exits(discharged), 17 were recovered, 2 were
died, 8 were defaulted,, and 3 were non responder. Then calculate
A.Cure rate= 56.66%
B. Death rate=6.66%
C. Defaulter rate =26.66%
18. According of EDHS 2016 Acute and chronic malnutrition
A. 10 and 44 B. 15 and 55 C. 25 and 35
19 what is sphere project mean?
It is a set of principle and minimum humanitarian in 4 technical area of
humanitarian response:
A] WASH
B]FSL
C]NUTRITION AND HEALTH
D] PSCHOLOGICAL REHABLITATUON
THE END
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