Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views10 pages

Extinction Satiation

The document discusses behavior management techniques such as extinction, satiation, and systematic desensitization, which are vital in school settings for promoting positive behavior and reducing disruptions. Extinction involves removing reinforcements to decrease problematic behaviors, while satiation overexposes individuals to reinforcers to diminish their appeal. Systematic desensitization helps students manage fears and anxieties through gradual exposure paired with relaxation techniques, emphasizing the need for tailored planning and collaboration among educators and support staff.

Uploaded by

ibraeheem2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views10 pages

Extinction Satiation

The document discusses behavior management techniques such as extinction, satiation, and systematic desensitization, which are vital in school settings for promoting positive behavior and reducing disruptions. Extinction involves removing reinforcements to decrease problematic behaviors, while satiation overexposes individuals to reinforcers to diminish their appeal. Systematic desensitization helps students manage fears and anxieties through gradual exposure paired with relaxation techniques, emphasizing the need for tailored planning and collaboration among educators and support staff.

Uploaded by

ibraeheem2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Abstract

Behavior management techniques such as extinction, satiation, and systematic desensitization


are essential in school settings to promote positive behavior, reduce disruptive actions, and
foster supportive learning environments. Extinction involves removing the reinforcement that
maintains problematic behaviors, like attention-seeking or tantrums, leading to their eventual
decrease. Satiation reduces behaviors by overexposing individuals to their reinforcers until they
lose appeal, effective for sensory-driven behaviors such as hand-flapping or pica. Systematic
desensitization helps students manage fears and anxieties through gradual exposure paired with
relaxation techniques, aiding in scenarios like public speaking or academic challenges. These
techniques emphasize tailored planning, collaboration among stakeholders, and ongoing
evaluation to support children academic and social development effectively.

1
Introduction

Behavior management refers to a class of therapeutic techniques for altering behavior by

changing one or more aspects of an individual's environment. The aspects that are changed are

those believed to contribute most significantly to the occurrence or maintenance of behaviors

that are problematic for the individual himself/herself or for other individuals in the environment

(Fisher, 2019). Behavior management techniques in schools are strategies used to promote

positive student behavior, reduce misbehavior, and create a supportive learning environment.

These techniques are essential for teachers, administrators, and other school staff to ensure

students' academic, social, and emotional growth. Extinction, satiation, and systematic

desensitization are three behavioral techniques used to manage behavior in schools.

Extinction is one such behavior management technique utilized in schools. It involves the

systematic withholding of reinforcement that maintains a problematic behavior. By removing the

reinforcement previously associated with the behavior, extinction aims to decrease its frequency

over time. For example, if a student frequently calls out in class to gain attention, teachers might

ignore the behavior while reinforcing instances when the student raises their hand instead. Over

time, the student learns that calling out no longer results in attention, thereby reducing the

behavior.

Satiation, another behavioral technique, operates on the principle of allowing a behavior to

continue until it no longer provides reinforcement or satisfaction. In the school setting, satiation

might be employed for behaviors that are maintained by immediate reinforcement. For instance,

if a student constantly asks to go to the restroom to avoid difficult tasks, teachers could allow the

student to take frequent breaks until the behavior loses its reinforcing value. Through satiation,

the behavior becomes less frequent as the student's desire for reinforcement diminishes.

2
Systematic desensitization is a behavior management technique used to help students overcome

fears, phobias, anxieties, or aversions in a gradual and controlled manner. It involves pairing

relaxation techniques with progressively increased exposure to the feared stimulus. In schools,

systematic desensitization might be applied to situations where students experience anxiety, such

as public speaking or participating in group activities. By systematically exposing students to

feared situations while teaching relaxation skills, this technique aims to reduce anxiety responses

and increase the student's ability to cope effectively.

Importance of Behaviour Management Techniques

1. Promotes Positive Behavior: Encourages students to exhibit good behavior and develop

self-regulation skills (Cooper et al., 2020).

2. Reduces Misbehavior: Decreases disruptive behavior, improving the overall classroom

environment (Alberto & Troutman, 2017).

3. Enhances Social Skills: Fosters empathy, communication, and problem-solving skills

through restorative practices (Wachtel, 2013).

4. Supports Academic Achievement: Creates a conducive learning environment, leading to

improved academic performance (Webster-Stratton, 1992).

5. Develops Emotional Intelligence: Helps students recognize, understand, and manage their

emotions (Dreikurs, 1968).

Extinction as Behaviour Management Technique

Extinction involves removing the reinforcer or reward that maintains the problem behavior,

resulting in its decrease and eventual elimination (Cooper et al., 2020). This technique is

effective for behaviors maintained by attention or tangible rewards. A number of factors can

influence how resistant a behavior is to extinction. The strength of the original conditioning can

3
play an important role. The longer the conditioning has taken place and the magnitude of the

conditioned response may make the response more resistant to extinction. Behaviors that are

very well established may become almost impervious to extinction and may continue to be

displayed even after the reinforcement has been removed altogether. Some research has

suggested that habituation may play a role in extinction as well. For example, repeated exposure

to a conditioned stimulus may eventually lead you to become used to it, or habituated (Cherry,

2023).

Examples:

1. Disruptive behavior in class (e.g., shouting out answers):

- Identify the reinforcer (attention from peers or teacher).

- Ignore the behavior, withholding attention.

- Reward alternative behaviors (e.g., raising hand).

2. Tantrums in the playground (e.g., throwing toys):

- Identify the reinforcer (attention from peers or adults).

- Ignore the behavior, withholding attention.

- Reward calm behavior (e.g., sharing toys).

Satiation as Behaviour Management Technique

Satiation involves providing excessive exposure to the reinforcer, leading to a decrease in the

problem behavior (Alberto & Troutman, 2017). This technique is effective for behaviors

maintained by sensory reinforcement. Satiation is a behavior management technique used in

schools and other settings to reduce the occurrence of problem behaviors by allowing the

behavior to continue until it no longer provides reinforcement or satisfaction for the individual.

4
Chase and Jump (2023) opined that satiation occurs when a person has been exposed to a

reinforcer continuously until the item or activity loses its motivating effect on their behavior. The

value of that specific item or activity is decreased and the individual will be less likely to

perform a target behavior gain access to that consequence

Steps and Application in Schools

1. Identifying the Target Behavior: The first step in using satiation is to clearly identify

the problem behavior that needs to be reduced. This could be behaviors like attention-

seeking, disruptive behaviors, or non-compliance.

2. Setting the Stage: Teachers and school staff need to create an environment where the

behavior can be allowed to occur without causing significant disruption or harm. This

might involve preparing other students, ensuring safety, and managing the classroom

environment effectively.

3. Implementing Satiation: Once the environment is set, the problematic behavior is

allowed to continue without interruption. For example, if a student is repeatedly calling

out in class for attention, the teacher might decide to temporarily ignore the behavior

while ensuring that it doesn’t disrupt the learning of others.

4. Monitoring and Assessing: During the satiation process, it's important to monitor the

frequency and intensity of the behavior. Typically, behaviors initially increase in

frequency as the individual tries to obtain the reinforcement they are accustomed to.

However, over time, the behavior should decrease as the reinforcement diminishes.

5. Reinforcement Reduction: Concurrently, it's crucial to ensure that the behavior is not

accidentally reinforced during the satiation process. This means avoiding any

unintentional rewards or responses that might maintain the behavior.

5
6. Evaluation and Adjustment: After implementing satiation, teachers and behavior

specialists should evaluate its effectiveness. If the behavior decreases as desired, the

technique can be considered successful. If not, adjustments may be needed, such as

refining the implementation or considering alternative behavior management strategies.

Examples:

1. Excessive hand-flapping:

- Provide excessive exposure to sensory stimulation (e.g., playdough, fidget toys).

- Gradually increase duration and intensity.

- Reward reduced hand-flapping.

2. Pica behavior (e.g., eating non-food items):

- Provide excessive access to edible alternatives (e.g., crunchy snacks).

- Gradually increase variety and intensity.

- Reward appropriate eating behavior.

Systematic Desensitization as Behaviour Management Technique

Systematic desensitization was developed by psychologist Joseph Wolpe in the 1950s as a

therapeutic technique to help individuals reduce their anxiety responses through a gradual

exposure process. The underlying principle is to pair relaxation techniques with gradually

increasing exposure to the feared or aversive stimulus, thereby replacing anxiety responses with

relaxation responses. Systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to the feared

stimulus, paired with relaxation techniques, to reduce anxiety and problem behavior (Wolpe,

1958). This technique is effective for behaviors maintained by anxiety or fear.

6
Steps and Application in Schools

1. Identifying the Fear or Aversion: The first step in systematic desensitization is to identify

the specific fear, phobia, or aversion that a student is experiencing. This could range from

fear of public speaking, anxiety related to certain academic tasks, fear of social

interactions, or aversions to specific environments or activities.

2. Establishing Relaxation Techniques: Before exposing the student to the feared stimulus,

relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided

imagery are taught and practiced. These techniques help the student achieve a state of

relaxation and calmness.

3. Creating a Hierarchy: A fear hierarchy is then established, listing situations or stimuli

related to the fear from least anxiety-provoking to most anxiety-provoking. For instance,

if a student fears public speaking, the hierarchy might include speaking to a small group

of familiar classmates, then to larger groups, and finally to the entire class.

4. Gradual Exposure: The student is exposed to each step of the hierarchy in a systematic

and controlled manner. They begin with the least anxiety-provoking situation while

practicing relaxation techniques to manage any anxiety that arises. Once they can handle

one level comfortably, they progress to the next level in the hierarchy.

5. Reinforcement and Support: Throughout the process, positive reinforcement and

encouragement are provided to the student. Teachers and school staff play a crucial role

in providing support, understanding, and patience as the student works through their fear

or aversion.

6. Evaluation and Adjustment: Progress is monitored closely, and adjustments to the

hierarchy or relaxation techniques may be made based on the student's responses. It's

7
essential to proceed at the student's pace and ensure that they feel empowered and

supported throughout the process.

Examples:

1. Fear of public speaking:

- Identify the feared stimulus (speaking in front of peers).

- Develop a hierarchy of exposure (e.g., speaking in small groups, then larger groups).

- Pair exposure with relaxation techniques (e.g., deep breathing, visualization).

2. Avoidance of math problems:

- Identify the feared stimulus (math problems).

- Develop a hierarchy of exposure (e.g., simple addition, then multiplication).

- Pair exposure with relaxation techniques (e.g., positive self-talk, visualization).

Conclusion

Behavior management techniques such as extinction, satiation, and systematic desensitization

play crucial roles in addressing various challenges in school settings, promoting positive

behaviors, and fostering a supportive learning environment. Extinction, by removing the

reinforcement that maintains problematic behaviors, effectively reduces their occurrence over

time. This technique targets behaviors sustained by attention or tangible rewards, such as

disruptive behavior in class or tantrums in the playground. Its success hinges on consistent

implementation and careful monitoring to ensure inadvertent reinforcement does not occur.

Satiation, on the other hand, involves overexposing the individual to the reinforcer until it loses

its reinforcing value, thereby decreasing the associated behavior. Effective for behaviors driven

by sensory reinforcement, like excessive hand-flapping or pica behavior, satiation requires

creating a controlled environment where the behavior can occur without disruption, and

8
reinforcement is systematically reduced. Systematic desensitization offers a structured approach

to addressing fears and anxieties through gradual exposure paired with relaxation techniques.

Developed by Joseph Wolpe, this technique helps students confront phobias or anxieties (e.g.,

fear of public speaking or avoidance of challenging academic tasks) in a step-by-step manner,

replacing anxiety with relaxation responses. It relies on establishing a fear hierarchy, teaching

relaxation skills, and providing positive reinforcement as students’ progress through exposure

levels.

Each technique emphasizes the importance of individualized planning, collaboration among

educators, parents, and support staff, and ongoing evaluation of effectiveness. By identifying the

function of behaviors and selecting appropriate interventions, schools can create environments

where children feel supported, understood, and empowered to succeed academically and socially.

9
References

Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (2017). Applied behavior analysis for teachers. Pearson.

Chase, L. & Jump, B. (2023). Talk the Talk: Satiation vs. Deprivation. Retrieved from
https://kindbh.com/talk-the-talk-satiation-vs-deprivation/

Cherry, K. (2023). How Extinction Is Defined in Psychology. Retrieved from


https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-extinction-2795176.

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis. Pearson.

Dreikurs, R. (1968). Logic and consequences in child management. Journal of Clinical


Psychology, 24(2), 151-158.

Fisher, E. (2019). Behavior Management ." Encyclopedia of Aging. . Retrieved June 15, 2024
from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-
almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/behavior-management.

Wachtel, T. (2013). Defining restorative practices. International Institute for Restorative


Practices.

Webster-Stratton, C. (1992). The incredible years: A trouble-shooting guide for parents of


children aged 2-8 years. Umbrella Press.

Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford University Press.

10

You might also like