Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide (OP) commonly used in agriculture, industry, and veterinary medicine. Sex is a crucial factor in responding to neurotoxicants, yet the sex-specific effects of OP exposure, particularly neurological impairments following chronic low-level exposure remains limited. Our study aims to evaluate the neurobehavioral and biochemical effects of developmental exposure to Malathion across sexes. Pregnant mice were exposed to a low oral dose of Malathion from gestation up to the weaning of the pups, which were individually gavaged with a similar dose regimen until postnatal day 70. Our results show that Malathion decreased body weight and food intake, reduced locomotor activity and recognition memory. Motor coordination and special memory were only altered in females, whereas we found a male-specific effect of Malathion on social behavior and marble burying. These alterations were accompanied by increased malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), and disrupted brain redox homeostasis. Our findings about the effects of Malathion exposure across sexes may, in part, contribute to understanding the dimorphic susceptibilities observed in neurological disorders.
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L.B. performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript with support from all authors. M.L. performed the statistical analysis. L.B., M.L. and O.E. processed the experimental data and designed the figures. H.M. and H.A. along with L.B., M.L. and O.E. contributed to sample preparation and biochemical analysis. F.C., M.N. and A.C. supervised the project. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.
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Berroug, L., Laaroussi, M., Essaidi, O. et al. Sex-specific neurobehavioral and biochemical effects of developmental exposure to Malathion in offspring mice. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 2215–2231 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02749-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02749-2