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Potassium isotopic signatures of modern offshore detrital sediments from different climatic regimes and the implications

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Abstract

Potassium isotopes are a novel tracer for continental weathering. Previous K isotope studies on chemical weathering generally targeted weathering profiles under a particular climate region, yet the effects of chemical weathering on K isotopes under different climatic backgrounds remain unclear. Moreover, little is known about the K isotope signatures of modern unconsolidated detrital sediments. Here, we report K isotopic data of surficial seafloor sediments from continental shelves along the east coast of China (ECC), as well as those around the tropical Hainan island in the northern South China Sea. The ECC sediments have a relatively narrow distribution of δ41K (with reference to NIST3141a) values, which range from (−0.40±0.01)‰ to (−0.57±0.04)‰, with an average of (−0.51±0.09)‰. By contrast, δ41K values of Hainan offshore sediments display a larger variation, ranging from (−0.28±0.07)‰ to (−0.67±0.02)‰. The δ41K values of Hainan offshore sediments exhibit negative correlations with the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Al/K, Ti/K, and total iron (FeT), which underlines the control of chemical weathering on K isotopic signatures of detritus inputs into oceans. We also measured Mg isotope compositions for the same samples; interestingly, the variability in δ26Mg of the samples is small (~0.24‰) for all ECC and Hainan offshore sediments, and δ26Mg values do not show clear correlations with indexes of chemical weathering. Our study demonstrates the link between K isotopic variability of detrital sediments and climatic conditions including rainfall intensity, which indicates that K isotopes of the detrital component of marine sediments could be applied to study Earth’s climate in deep time. The δ41K values of the offshore detrital sediments are significantly less variable than those of pelagic marine sediments, highlighting the importance of distinguishing the effects of diagenesis and neoformation of clay minerals from continental weathering in attempts to study deep-time climate-weathering link by K isotopes in detrital sedimentary records.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Yang ZHANG, Yifu FENG and Yang QU for the help in the samples’ pretreatment; Chuan LIU for the assistance with Mg isotope analyses. The paper has been significantly improved by the two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92358301, 41873004).

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  1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Jun Mu, Tianyu Chen, Shichao An & Weiqiang Li

  2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Qian Yu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Jianfang Chen

  4. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Xuefa Shi

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Mu, J., Chen, T., Yu, Q. et al. Potassium isotopic signatures of modern offshore detrital sediments from different climatic regimes and the implications. Sci. China Earth Sci. 67, 405–419 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1220-1

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