Yes, by going to the menubar then Export > ...profile as code. Codes generated by Gale are compatible with r2modman/thunderstore mod manager and vice versa.

No, Gale does not depend on the Thunderstore Mod Manager app. However it does still use Thunderstore's database, so you have access to all the same mods.

If you're on Windows, you might be missing Microsoft Edge WebView2 Runtime. Install it and try again.

This an issue with MalwareBytes. Add Gale as an exception and the error should be fixed.