cd C:\Users\msn\Documents\eagusa\2006 F430 Grey 145324
  copy ""LHS Stock F1\LHS Stock F430 145324.FLS" ..\research\stock.fls
  copy "LHS Gated\LHS Gated F430 145324.FLS" ..\research\updated.fls

md5sums
md5sums - Version 4.2
Freeware written by Gerson Kurz (http://p-nand-q.com)

5F3FFD71AC58780F7F07BE409CEA2F3E - stock.fls
D95DCB7814E9D7F2FF22629321ACD5EB - updated.fls

od -Ax -tx1z stock.fls  >stock-od.hex
od -Ax -tx1z updated.fls > updated-od.hex

Using the binutils strings command

strings -el  *.fls  |sort | uniq -c | sort | tail -10
strings -es -Ud *.fls  |sort | uniq -c | sort | tail -10
strings -eB *.fls  |sort | uniq -c | sort | tail -10

N-gram analysis is a powerful technique for examining Bosch ECU FLS files from Ferraris when you have multiple file dumps. It helps identify common patterns and structures without prior knowledge of the file format. What It Does

Creates "sliding windows" of consecutive bytes (typically 8 bytes at a time) Finds sequences that appear across multiple files Records the positions where these common sequences appear Helps identify file headers, configuration blocks, and data structures

Identifies standard ECU components that appear in the same positions Locates potential calibration data and configuration parameters Finds repeated patterns that might indicate specific ECU functions Helps discover Ferrari-specific modifications by comparing different versions

The script analyzes your hex dumps by:

Extracting clean hex data from od command output Creating a database of n-grams with their positions Finding patterns common to all files Showing where these patterns appear in each file (by byte offset)

This approach can reveal structural similarities in Bosch ECU files and help locate configuration details without requiring specialized ECU-specific tools

python ngram.py

Binary N-Gram Analyzer The first script performs n-gram analysis directly on binary files rather than text dumps, which is more efficient and accurate:

python binary_ngram.py -n 8 -t 20 your_file1.fls your_file2.fls your_file3.fls

    -n, --ngram-size: Size of n-grams to analyze (default: 8)
    -t, --top: Number of top patterns to display (default: 20)
    -m, --min-files: Minimum number of files a pattern must appear in (default: 2)
    -o, --output: Output results to file (default: screen only)

Key features:

• Works directly with binary FLS files (no need for text dumps)
• Finds common byte sequences across multiple files
• Shows exact positions where patterns appear in each file
• Configurable n-gram size (default: 8 bytes)
• Displays both hex and ASCII representations

This script reads signatures from a 'signatures.lst' file in the current directory and searches for these signatures in FLS files specified as command-line arguments. It reports which signatures were found and their positions within each file.

python signature_finder.py stock.fls updated.fls stock02.fls updated02.fls

fls_compare.py is a Python script designed to compare two .FLS files (binary firmware files commonly used for Engine Control Units, or ECUs). It provides detailed insights into differences between the files in two key areas:

1. Signature Comparison: Identifies and compares the positions of predefined strings (signatures) listed in a signatures.lst file.
2. Byte Sequence Differences: Detects regions where the byte sequences differ, including a hex preview and any ASCII/UTF-8 strings immediately preceding each difference.

This tool is useful for engineers, developers, or hobbyists analyzing firmware updates, debugging ECU configurations, or reverse-engineering binary files.

• Signature Search:

  • Reads signatures from signatures.lst (one per line).
  • Searches for each signature in both files as ASCII and UTF-8 encoded strings.
  • Reports:
    • Signatures unique to each file.
    • Signatures present in both files but at different positions.
    • Signatures at identical positions.

• Byte Sequence Comparison:

  • Identifies all regions where the files differ in their byte sequences.
  • Groups small differences into larger segments based on a configurable min_match_length (default: 16 bytes).
  • For each difference:
    • Shows the starting position and length.
    • Provides a hex preview of the first 16 bytes.
    • Searches backwards (up to 50 bytes) for a preceding ASCII or UTF-8 string (minimum 4 characters) in both files.

• Output:

  • Structured console output with summaries and detailed sections.
  • Includes total differing bytes and percentage difference relative to file size.

python fls_compare.py <file1.fls> <file2.fls> [min_match_length]

• <file1.fls>: Path to the first .FLS file.
• <file2.fls>: Path to the second .FLS file.
• [min_match_length]: Optional integer specifying the minimum number of matching bytes to split differences (default: 16).

1. Signature Comparison:

   • Loads signatures from signatures.lst.
   • Searches both files for each signature and compares their positions.
   • Categorizes results into unique, differing, or matching signatures.

2. Byte Difference Analysis:

   • Compares files byte-by-byte, grouping differences based on min_match_length.
   • For each difference:
     • Searches backwards (up to 50 bytes) for a printable string in both files.
     • Displays the string (if found) with its offset, followed by a hex dump of the differing bytes.

• Signature File: Edit signatures.lst to include strings relevant to your .FLS files.
• Search Parameters: Modify max_search (default 50) or min_length (default 4) in extract_string_before() to adjust string detection.
• Output Limits: Change the script to show more/fewer differences or hex bytes (currently capped at 20 differences, 16 bytes each).

• Requires a signatures.lst file to exist.
• String search is limited to ASCII and UTF-8 encodings, with a 50-byte backward search range.
• Does not validate .FLS file format—assumes they are binary.

romscanner is a specialized tool designed to analyze Bosch ME7.x engine control unit (ECU) firmware files. It's based on the original ME7RomTool_Ferrari project, reimplementing the C functionality in Python while maintaining the same needle pattern detection system. The tool scans firmware files to identify common structures and patterns using predefined needle patterns from the C implementation's needles.c file.

Key features of ROMScanner include:

• DPP (Data Page Pointer) register extraction - helps identify memory segments in the firmware
• EPK (Electronic Product Code) information extraction - shows details about the ECU hardware/software
• String table analysis - locates and extracts important strings from the firmware
• Map table detection - finds parameter tables used for engine management

python romscanner.py [filename] [options]
Options include:

--maps: Focus on scanning for map tables
--epk: Extract only EPK information
--all: Perform all analysis types (default behavior)

Extract map_43 from fls

usage: extract_map_43.py [-h] fls_file
extract_map_43.py: error: the following arguments are required: fls_file
python extract_map_43.py "RHS Gated F430 145324.FLS"