I just experienced this issue three times in a row on a network with unstable internet connection. The lockscreen shows the error message "authentication failure: could not refresh token".
The logs show:
Jun 27 16:46:11 ubuntu authd-google[2306]: Post "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token": context deadline exceeded
Jun 27 16:46:11 ubuntu authd-google[2306]: IsAuthenticated: denied
Jun 27 16:46:11 ubuntu authd[1823]: 3820511142-2f494872-d527-4062-bb05-2894a47d1d36: Authentication result: denied
Jun 27 16:46:11 ubuntu authd[1823]: 3820511142-2f494872-d527-4062-bb05-2894a47d1d36: End session "Google"
With the 4th retry it worked.
It also works if I completely disconnect the network, presumably because the auth session is then started in offline mode.