See: https://github.com/wp-cli/handbook/. Specifically:

All documentation is imported automatically into WordPress.org in a two step process:

1. WordPress reads commands-manifest.json or handbook-manifest.json to understand all pages that need to be created.
2. Each WordPress page has a markdown_source attribute specifying a Markdown file to be fetched, converted to HTML, and saved in the database.

For make.wordpress.org/cli, the import process is a WordPress plugin running a WP Cron job every 15 minutes. For developer.wordpress.org/cli, this is a class in the devhub theme running a WP Cron job every 12 hours.

Our current docs site is being spun up quickly for WCEU, but as we look to refactor that to be a more maintainable site we should consider recommendations from other WP teams. We can check with the Meta and Support teams to see if they have any best practice recommendations.