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Mass transfer of a hybrid porous T-groove mechanical face seal under Elasto-hydrodynamic model

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Abstract

To investigate the coupling effects of porous media and lubricating film on hybrid mechanical seal performance, a three-dimensional Elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) model is proposed. This model integrates the fluid-solid interaction of porous matrix and T-groove on the seal ring. The elastic deformation of sealing surfaces (especially the porous region) and the seepage behavior of lubricant in porous matrix are computed based on the finite element method (FEM), while the flow characteristics of the sealing medium in the sealing gap and the porous matrix are analyzed. The results indicate that face deformation alters the fluid flow path of the outer diameter of the sealing gap, which is not conducive to the mass transfer of the sealing medium in the sealing chamber, the sealing gap and the porous matrix. The permeability and depth of the porous matrix significantly influence the mass transfer behavior between the porous matrix and lubricating film, resulting in larger film thickness and leakage rate. These findings provide key design insights for controlling leakage and enhancing sealing efficiency in porous mechanical seal.

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

E:

Elasticity modulus (GPa)

h :

Film thickness (μm)

h o :

Seal clearance (μm)

h g :

T-groove depth (μm)

H :

Porous matrix thickness (mm)

F o :

Opening force (N)

F c :

Closing force (N)

n :

Rotation speed (r/min)

N b :

Groove number

p a :

Ambient pressure (MPa)

p c :

Cavitation pressure (MPa)

p d :

Porous pressure (MPa)

p f :

Film pressure (MPa)

p s :

Sealing pressure (MPa)

p sp :

Spring specific pressure

q d :

Porous matrix outer diameter flow (mL/min)

q o :

Seal clearance outer diameter flow (mL/min)

q i :

Leakage rate (mL/min)

r i :

Inner radius(mm)

r o :

Outer radius(mm)

r g :

T-groove root radius (mm)

r p :

Inner radius of porous matrix (mm)

r b :

Balanced radius (mm)

x, y, z :

Cartesian coordinate

u x, u y :

Velocity components (m/s)

θ :

Density ratio

θ g :

T-groove circumferential angles

θ s :

Computational circumferential angles

θ w :

Porous circumferential angles

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa⋅s)

ρ :

Film density (kg/m3)

ρ L :

Density at liquid state (kg/m3)

Ω :

Design domain

χ :

Width ratio of porous matrix

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Acknowledgements

The research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2241246 and 52175193).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

    Xueping Li, Xiangkai Meng, Yangyang Liang, Jinbo Jiang & Xudong Peng

Authors
  1. Xueping Li
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  2. Xiangkai Meng
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  3. Yangyang Liang
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  4. Jinbo Jiang
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Contributions

Li xueping: Writing – original draft, Validation, Software, Investigation.Meng xiangkai: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Methodology, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition.Liang yangyang: Project administration, Funding acquisition.Jiang jinbo: Formal analysis.Peng xudong: Conceptualization.

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Correspondence to Xiangkai Meng.

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Li, X., Meng, X., Liang, Y. et al. Mass transfer of a hybrid porous T-groove mechanical face seal under Elasto-hydrodynamic model. Heat Mass Transfer 61, 50 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-025-03570-8

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