Abstract
As one of the most basic molecules that constitute a living body, saccharides not only play the role of energy storage and have many important biological functions that are constantly revealed and recognized. Generally, a glycoside composed of 2–10 monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond belongs to oligosaccharide, and a glycoside composed of 10 or more monosaccharides belongs to polysaccharide. Usually, the number of monosaccharides in the polysaccharide exceeds 100, and the molecular weight can reach tens of thousands or even millions Da. Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides have attracted widespread attention in a variety of applications in cosmetics, health care products (such as immunomodulation, protection of the knee and liver), and various disease treatments (such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and hypoglycemic). However, at present, most of the oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are still extracted from animal tissues, which have problems such as unstable source of raw materials, potential allergens and contaminants. As a result, more and more oligosaccharides and polysaccharides have been tried to use microbial production, many of which have even entered the stage of large-scale industrial production. This chapter mainly introduces the metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies of microbial production of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides through several typical products, including hyaluronic acid, glucosamine/N-acetylglucosamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, human milk oligosaccharides, xanthan gum and chitin oligosaccharides.
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Tian, R., Liu, Y., Liu, L. (2019). Microbial Production of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides. In: Liu, L., Chen, J. (eds) Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology for Production of Nutraceuticals . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0446-4_4
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