Abstract
Global climate change poses extraordinary challenges to ecosystems, profoundly affecting plant species and their functional traits. The chapter explores the dynamic relationships between crucial plant functional traits and various aspects of climate change, including temperature changes, rainfall patterns, and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Understanding the complex connection between plant functional traits and climate change becomes paramount for sustainable development as universal heat rises and climatic patterns change. This chapter also highlights the dynamic interactions between plant characteristics and the evolving climate while being true to the SDGs. We investigate how climate change affects the functional traits of plants, such as leaf morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, and reproductive strategies, and how these changes, in turn, affect ecosystems. Our investigation shows that climate-induced modifications in plant functional traits have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem structure and function. Changes in leaf morphology, photosynthesis rates, and reproductive strategies impact individual plant fitness, community structure, and overall ecosystem resilience. It is important to highlight the complex relationships between plant functional traits and climate change to predict the future of ecosystems. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving plant characteristic responses to changes in climate, further research directions shall focus on integrating observational and experimental approaches, considering both individual species and community-level dynamics. This synthesis contributes to the broader effort to develop effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to the ecological consequences of ongoing climate change.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth EA, Long SP (2005) What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytol 165(2):351–372
Alnsour M, Ludwig-Müller J (2015) Potential effects of climate change on plant primary and secondary metabolism and its influence on plant ecological interactions. J Endocytobiosis Cell Res 26:90–99
Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C, Leadley P, Thuiller W, Courchamp F (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecol Lett 15(4):365–377
Berry JA, Beerling DJ, Franks PJ (2010) Stomata: key players in the earth system, past and present. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13(3):232–239
Bhattacharyya S (2022) Mechanism of temperature stress acclimation and the role of transporters in plants. In: Plant perspectives to global climate changes. Academic Press, pp 413–457
Bishop KA, Betzelberger AM, Long SP, Ainsworth EA (2015) Is there potential to adapt soybean (Glycine max M err.) to future [CO2]? An analysis of the yield response of 18 genotypes in free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant Cell Environ 38(9):1765–1774
Boyer JS (1982) Plant productivity and environment. Science 218(4571):443–448
Brouwer R (1983) Functional equilibrium: sense or nonsense? Netherlands J Agric Sci 31(4):335–348
Chapin FS III, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, Naylor RL, Vitousek PM, Reynolds HL, DÃaz S (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405(6783):234–242
Crafts-Brandner SJ, Salvucci ME (2000) Rubisco activase constrains the photosynthetic potential of leaves at high temperature and CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97(24):13430–13435
Dai A (2011) Drought under global warming: a review. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 2(1):45–65
Dermody O, Long SP, DeLucia EH (2006) How does elevated CO2 or ozone affect the leaf-area index of soybean when applied independently? New Phytol 169(1):145–155
de Vries J, Evers JB, Kuyper TW, van Ruijven J, Mommer L (2021) Mycorrhizal associations change root functionality: a 3D modelling study on competitive interactions between plants for light and nutrients. New Phytol 231(3):1171–1182
Duncan EJ, Gluckman PD, Dearden PK (2014) Epigenetics, plasticity, and evolution: How do we link epigenetic change to phenotype? J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 322(4):208–220
Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA (2019) Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. New Phytol 221(1):32–49
Freschet GT, Roumet C, Comas LH, Weemstra M, Bengough AG, Rewald B, Stokes A (2021) Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs. New Phytol 232(3):1123–1158
Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Pérez-Trujillo M, Rivas-Ubach A, Oravec M, Vecerova K, Penuelas J (2014) Opposite metabolic responses of shoots and roots to drought. Sci Rep 4(1):6829
Givnish TJ (1987) Comparative studies of leaf form: assessing the relative roles of selective pressures and phylogenetic constraints. New Phytol 106:131–160
Gomez-Pastor R, Burchfiel ET, Thiele DJ (2018) Regulation of heat shock transcription factors and their roles in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19(1):4–19
Gray SB, Strellner RS, Puthuval KK, Ng C, Shulman RE, Siebers MH, Leakey AD (2012) Minirhizotron imaging reveals that nodulation of field-grown soybean is enhanced by free-air CO2 enrichment only when combined with drought stress. Funct Plant Biol 40(2):137–147
Gray SB, Dermody O, Klein SP, Locke AM, Mcgrath JM, Paul RE, Leakey AD (2016) Intensifying drought eliminates the expected benefits of elevated carbon dioxide for soybean. Nat Plants 2(9):1–8
Guo R, Wen ZM, Wang HX, Qi DH (2015) Relationships among leaf traits and their expression in different vegetation zones in Yanhe River basin, Northwest China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao (J Appl Ecol) 26(12):3627–3633
Hannah LJ, Lovejoy TE (eds) (2003) Climate change and biodiversity: synergistic impacts (No. 4). Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International
Harrison SP, Cramer W, Franklin O, Prentice IC, Wang H, Brannstrom A et al (2021) Eco-evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land-surface models. New Phytol 231(6):2125–2141
Hartmann DL, Tank AMK, Rusticucci M, Alexander LV, Brönnimann S, Charabi YAR, Zhai P (2013) Observations: atmosphere and surface. In: Climate change 2013 the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, pp 159–254
Hatfield JL, Prueger JH (2015) Temperature extremes: effect on plant growth and development. Weather Clim Extremes 10:4–10
Hatfield JL, Boote KJ, Kimball BA, Ziska LH, Izaurralde RC, Ort D, Wolfe D (2011) Climate impacts on agriculture: implications for crop production. Agron J 103(2):351–370
Johnson MP, Wientjes E (2020) The relevance of dynamic thylakoid organisation to photosynthetic regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 1861(4):148039
Kang Y, Khan S, Ma X (2009) Climate change impacts on crop yield, crop water productivity and food security—a review. Progress Nat Sci 19(12):1665–1674
Kao W-Y-Y, Forseth IN (1992) Diurnal leaf movement, chlorophyll fluorescence and carbon assimilation in soybean grown under different nitrogen and water availabilities. Plant Cell Environ 15:703–710
Kühn N, Tovar C, Carretero J, Vandvik V, Enquist BJ, Willis KJ (2021) Globally important plant functional traits for coping with climate change. Front Biogeogr 13(4):e53774
Kumar N, Kumar N, Shukla A, Shankhdhar SC, Shankhdhar D (2015) Impact of terminal heat stress on pollen viability and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Res Commun 43(4):616–626
Kumar N, Shankhdhar SC, Shankhdhar D (2016) Impact of elevated temperature on antioxidant activity and membrane stability in different genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Plant Physiol (Now Plant Physiol Rep) 21(1):37–43
Kumar N, Suyal DC, Sharma IP, Verma A, Singh H (2017) Elucidating stress proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotype under elevated temperature: a proteomic approach to understand heat stress response. 3 Biotech 7:205
Kumar N, Jeena N, Singh H (2019) Elevated temperature modulates rice pollen structure: a study from foothill Himalayan agro-ecosystem in India. 3 Biotech 9:175
Kumar A, Dwivedi GK, Tewari S, Paul J, Anand R, Kumar N, Kumar P, Singh H, Kaushal R (2020a) Carbon mineralization and inorganic nitrogen pools under Terminalia chebula Retz.-based agroforestry system in Himalayan Foothills, India. For Sci 66(5):634–643
Kumar A, Kumar P, Singh H, Kumar N (2020b) Adaptation and mitigation potential of roadside trees with bio-extraction of heavy metals under vehicular emissions and their impact on physiological traits during seasonal regimes. Urban For Urban Green 58:126900
Kumar N, Jeena N, Kumar A, Khairakpam R, Singh H (2021) Comparative response of rice cultivars to elevated air temperature in Bhabar region of Indian Himalaya: status on yield attributes. Heliyon 7:e07474
Kumar A, Kumar P, Singh H, Bisht S, Kumar N (2021a) Relationship of physiological plant functional traits with soil carbon stock in temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Curr Sci 120(8):1368–1373
Kumar A, Kumar P, Singh H, Kumar N (2021b) Modulation of plant functional traits under essential plant nutrients during seasonal regime in natural forests of Garhwal Himalayas. Plant Soil 465:197–212
Kumar A, Singh H, Kumari G, Bisht S, Malik A, Kumar N, Singh M, Raturi A, Barthwal S, Thakur A, Kaushal R (2022) Adaptive resilience of roadside trees to vehicular emissions via leaf enzymatic, physiological, and anatomical trait modulations. Environ Pollut 313:120191
Lavorel S, Garnier E (2002) Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Funct Ecol 16(5):545–556
Lobell DB, Asner GP (2003) Climate and management contributions to recent trends in US agricultural yields. Science 299(5609):1032–1032
MacArthur RH, Pianka ER (1966) On optimal use of a patchy environment. Am Nat 100(916):603–609
Madhu M, Hatfield JL (2013) Dynamics of plant root growth under increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Agron J 105(3):657–669
Meehl GA, Stocker TF, Collins WD, Friedlingstein P, Gaye AT, Gregory JM, Raper SCB, Watterson IG, Weaver AJ, Zhao ZC (2007) Global climate projections. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, pp 247–845
Meng TT, Ni J, Guohong W (2007) Plant functional traits and environmental and ecosystem functions. J Plant Ecol 1:150–165
Mishra T (2016) Climate change and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants: a review. Int J Herb Med 4(4):27–30
Morgan PB, Bollero GA, Nelson RL, Dohleman FG, Long SP (2005) Smaller than predicted increase in aboveground net primary production and yield of field-grown soybean under fully open-air [CO2] elevation. Glob Chang Biol 11(10):1856–1865
Pachauri RK, Team CW, Meyer LA (2014) IPCC, 2014: climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, p 151
Pearcy RW, Muraoka H, Valladares F (2005) Crown architecture in sun and shade environments: assessing function and trade-offs with a three-dimensional simulation model. New Phytol 166(3):791–800
Poorter L, Bongers F (2006) Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest species. Ecology 87(7):1733–1743
Poorter H, Nagel O (2000) The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Funct Plant Biol 27(12):1191–1191
Post E, Forchhammer MC (2001) Pervasive influence of large-scale climate in the dynamics of a terrestrial vertebrate community. BMC Ecol 1(1):1–7
Qiuhong F, Zuomin S, Lili D (2008) Response and application of plant functional traits to environment. For Sci 4:125–131
Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, Walters MB, Vose JM, Gresham C, Volin JC, Bowman WD (1999) Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes. Ecology 80(6):1955–1969
Reich PB, Hobbie SE, Lee TD (2014) Plant growth enhancement by elevated CO2 eliminated by joint water and nitrogen limitation. Nat Geosci 7(12):920–924
Sack L, Scoffoni C (2013) Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future. New Phytol 198(4):983–1000
Sage RF, Kubien DS (2007) The temperature response of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 30(9):1086–1106
Sage RF, Way DA, Kubien DS (2008) Rubisco, Rubisco activase, and global climate change. J Exp Bot 59(7):1581–1595
Sala OE, Stuart Chapin FIII, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Wall DH (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287(5459):1770–1774
Schiphorst C, Achterberg L, Gomez R, Koehorst R, Bassi R, van Amerongen H, Wientjes E (2022) The role of light-harvesting complex I in excitation energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem I in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 188(4):2241–2252
Schottler MA, Toth SZ (2014) Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: environmental acclimation and photosynthetic flux control. Front Plant Sci 5:188
Shi Y, Wen Z, Gong S (2011) Comparisons of relationships between leaf and fine root traits in hilly area of the Loess Plateau, Yanhe River basin, Shaanxi Province, China. Shengtai Xuebao (Acta Ecol Sin) 31(22):6805–6814
Singh H, Verma A (2013a) Physiological responses of rice cultivars to various nitrogen levels. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 6(3):383–388
Singh H, Verma A (2013b) Characterization and screening of high nitrogen efficient rice genotype to curtail environmental pollution. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 6(1):23–30
Singh H, Verma A, Shukla A (2010a) Comparative study of yield and yield components of hybrid and inbred genotypes of rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 3:355–360
Singh H, Verma A, Krishnamoorthy M, Shukla A (2010b) Consequence of diverse nitrogen levels on leaf pigments in five rice genotypes under field emergent circumstance. Int J Bioresour Stress Manag 1:189–193
Singh H, Verma A, Rai SK (2013a) Biochemical evaluation of different rice genotypes grown at various nitrogen levels using SDS-PAGE. Curr Adv Agric Sci 5(1):144–146
Singh H, Verma A, Shukla A (2013b) Guttation fluid as a physiological marker for selection of nitrogen efficient rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Afr J Biotechnol 12(44):6276–6281
Singh H, Verma A, Ansari MW, Shukla A (2014) Physiological response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to elevated nitrogen applied under field conditions. Plant Signal Behav 9:e29015. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.29015
Singh H, Yadav M, Kumar N, Kumar A, Kumar M (2020) Assessing adaptation and mitigation potential of roadside trees under the influence of vehicular emissions: a case study of Grevillea robusta and Mangifera indica planted in an urban city of India. PLoS One 15(1):e0227380
Singh S, Singh H, Sharma SK, Nautiyal R (2021) Seasonal variation in biochemical responses of bamboo clones in the sub-tropical climate of Indian Himalayan foothills. Heliyon 7(4):e06859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06859
Singh M, Singh H, Kumar A, Kumar M, Barthwal S, Thakur A (2024) Soil nitrogen availability determines the CO2 fertilization effect on tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba): growth and physiological evidence. Environ Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-023-00300-w
Skirycz A, De Bodt S, Obata T, De Clercq I, Claeys H, De Rycke R, Inzeo D (2010) Developmental stage specificity and the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the response of Arabidopsis leaves to prolonged mild osmotic stress. Plant Physiol 152(1):226–244
Solomon S (ed) (2007) Climate change 2007-the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC, vol 4. Cambridge University Press
Swann AL (2018) Plants and drought in a changing climate. Curr Clim Change Rep 4:192–201
Timperio AM, Egidi MG, Zolla L (2008) Proteomics applied on plant abiotic stresses: role of heat shock proteins (HSP). J Proteomics 71(4):391–411
Tollefson J (2016) Global warming already driving increases in rainfall extremes. Nature:443–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.19508
Verelst W, Skirycz A, Inze D (2010) Abscisic acid, ethylene and gibberellic acid act at different developmental stages to instruct the adaptation of young leaves to stress. Plant Signal Behav 5(4):473–475
Violle C, Navas ML, Vile D, Kazakou E, Fortunel C, Hummel I, Garnier E (2007) Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos 116(5):882–892
Wang CS, Wang SP (2015) A review of research on responses of leaf traits to climate change. Chin J Plant Ecol 39(2):206–216
Wang P, Wang T, Han J, Li M, Zhao Y, Su T, Ma C (2021) Plant autophagy: an intricate process controlled by various signalling pathways. Front Plant Sci 12:754982
Westoby M (1998) A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme. Plant Soil 199:213–227
Whippo CW, Hangarter RP (2006) Phototropism: bending towards enlightenment. Plant Cell 18(5):1110–1119
Wu A, Xiong X, González-M R, Li R, Li A, Liu J, Zhang Q (2023) Climate change reshapes plant trait spectrum to explain biomass dynamics in an old-growth subtropical forest. Front Plant Sci 14:1260707
Yadav S, Modi P, Dave A, Vijapura A, Patel D, Patel M (2020) Effect of abiotic stress on crops. In: Sustainable crop production. IntechOpen, p 3
Yang X, Li R, Jablonski A, Stovall A, Kim J, Yi K, Lerdau M (2023) Leaf angle as a leaf and canopy trait: rejuvenating its role in ecology with new technology. Ecol Lett 26:1005
Zhang J, Li P (2019) Response of plant functional traits to climate change. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, Jul 2019, vol 300(3). IOP Publishing, p 032078
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kanta, C., Kumar, A., Chauhan, A., Singh, H., Sharma, I.P. (2024). The Interplay Between Plant Functional Traits and Climate Change. In: Kumar, N., Singh, H. (eds) Plant Functional Traits for Improving Productivity. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1510-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1510-7_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-1509-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-1510-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)