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Impacts of Climate Change and Local Disturbance on Stream Fish Assemblages in the Amazon

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The Future of Amazonian Aquatic Biota

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Abstract

Freshwater environments are among the most threatened by anthropogenic impacts in the world. Among these environments, streams are especially vulnerable to structural changes, water pollution, alterations in food chains, and loss of biodiversity, resulting from deforestation, agricultural land use, as well as small dams and road construction. Changes in rainfall patterns and increased temperature resulting from climate change may boost the negative effects of local habitat disturbances and disrupt physiological, biological and behavioral responses of the aquatic biota, including the instability of seasonal predictability. Here, we evaluate the current knowledge regarding the effects of local anthropogenic disturbances and those from ongoing planetary climate changes on the aquatic environment and fish fauna of small streams worldwide, with a special focus on Amazonian forest streams. To do so, we conducted a (non-exhaustive) literature review searching for information regarding direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the structure and hydrological dynamics of headwater streams around the world. Then, we present information on the effects of such environmental changes in species distributions, on the taxonomic and functional structure and composition of stream fish assemblages in the Amazon and in other biomes. Despite the scarcity of published references dealing with combined/synergic effects of climate change and local anthropogenic impacts on the biology and ecology of stream fishes worldwide, we bring some insights about these emerging environmental problems affecting Amazon stream fishes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the ADAPTA project for providing support to field and laboratory activities related to our research with stream fishes, and especially during the development of the Doctoral Thesis (GGB) and the Master’s Dissertation (MBCB). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior— Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) through the Post-Graduate Program Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior at INPA. We are also grateful to CNPq, FAPEAM and CAPES for long-term financial support to the Igarapés project; INPA provided logistic support to field and laboratory activities, as well as office space and other facilities, for which we sincerely thank. Camila S. dos Anjos helped with fish parasites identification, Eurizângela Dary with analysis of fish stomach contents, and José da Silva Lopes (“Seu Zé”) provided invaluable help during the field trips. We also thank Dr. Gilvan Yogui from the Laboratory of Organic Compounds in Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Oceanography Department of Federal University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, for the support with stable isotope analyses, and Dr. Márcio Silva Araújo from Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP-Rio Claro) for the support with stable isotope, geometric morphometric and individual specialization analyses. Fish specimen collections were authorized by SISBIO (permit # 10199-5).

Competing Interests

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this chapter.

Ethics Approval

Research activities with fishes at INPA were authorized by the institutional Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (permit # 052/2012 granted to Projeto Igarapés/JZ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Biology of Freshwater and Inland Fishing (PPGBADPI), Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

    Gabriel Gazzana Barros, Barbara Mascarenhas, Jansen Zuanon & Cláudia Pereira de Deus

  2. Biodiversity Coordination, Brazilian National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

    Cláudia Pereira de Deus

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  1. Gabriel Gazzana Barros
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  2. Barbara Mascarenhas
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  3. Jansen Zuanon
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  4. Cláudia Pereira de Deus
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Correspondence to Gabriel Gazzana Barros .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lab of Ecophysiology & Mol Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Samara Silva de Souza

  2. Lab of Ecophysiology & Mol Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Susana Braz-Mota

  3. National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Adalberto Luis Val

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Barros, G.G., Mascarenhas, B., Zuanon, J., de Deus, C.P. (2024). Impacts of Climate Change and Local Disturbance on Stream Fish Assemblages in the Amazon. In: de Souza, S.S., Braz-Mota, S., Val, A.L. (eds) The Future of Amazonian Aquatic Biota. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66822-7_4

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