Table 1 Summary of the stages of wound repair
From: Cutaneous wound healing: recruiting developmental pathways for regeneration
Stage of healing | Main processes | References |
|---|---|---|
Hemostasis and inflammation | Hemostasis | |
Vasoconstriction | ||
Formation of fibrin clot | ||
Inflammation | ||
Release of cytokines and growth factors by platelets and immune cells, and from the disrupted matrix | ||
Invasion of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes-macrophages) | ||
Proliferation | Dermis | |
Release of growth factors by macrophages and fibroblasts | ||
Fibroblast migration and proliferation | ||
Synthesis of matrix proteins (fibronectin and collagen) | ||
Angiogenesis | ||
Epidermis | ||
Keratinocyte migration, proliferation and differentiation | ||
Contributions from hair follicle stem cells | ||
Possible contribution from interfollicular epidermal stem cells | ||
Remodeling | Reorganization and remodeling of the ECM | |
Myofibroblast formation | ||
Contraction of the wound | ||
Cell apoptosis | ||