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Fig. 3 | European Radiology

Fig. 3

From: ESR Essentials: diffusion-weighted MRI—practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology

Fig. 3

Overview of diffusion-weighted MRI methods. A Conventional diffusion encoding varies the diffusion-encoding strength (so-called b-value) by increasing the amplitudes of the encoding gradients (blue in panel A). Higher b-values result in stronger signal attenuation and a change in image contrast. B The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is assessed from the slope of the logarithm of the signal attenuation curve at a low b-value, often 1000 s/mm2. C Diffusional kurtosis imaging utilises higher b-values and assesses the departure of the signal curve from mono-exponential attenuation (shadowed region between dashed and solid line). D The intravoxel incoherent motion approach estimates the perfusion fraction (f) from the small overshoot of the signal at low b-values (red region in inset). Adapted from Nilsson, Englund, Szczepankiewicz et al (2018) Imaging brain tumour microstructure. Neuroimage 182:232–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.075

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