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Observatory science with eXTP

  • Invited Review
  • Special Issue: Exploration of the Extreme Universe with the eXTP Mission
  • Published:
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Abstract

Scheduled for launch in 2030, the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarization (eXTP) telescope is a Chinese space-based mission aimed at studying extreme conditions and phenomena in astrophysics. eXTP will feature three main payloads: Spectroscopy Focusing Array (SFA), Polarimetry Focusing Array (PFA), and a Wide-field Camera (W2C). This white paper outlines observatory science, incorporating key scientific advances and instrumental changes since the publication of the previous white paper. We will discuss perspectives of eXTP on the research domains of flare stars, supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries, ultraluminous X-ray sources, active galactic nucleus (AGN), and pulsar-based positioning and timekeeping.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Ping Zhou, Zhanhao Zhao, Yuehong Chen, Xin Cheng, Yiheng Chi, Yongfeng Huang, Di Wang, Fayin Wang & Xiaojie Xu

  2. Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Ping Zhou, Pengfei Jiang, Zhanhao Zhao, Shijie Zheng, Yuehong Chen, Xin Cheng, Yiheng Chi, Mingyu Ge, Yongfeng Huang, Fayin Wang, Xiaojie Xu, Shujie Zhao & Qingchang Zhao

  3. Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650216, China

    Jirong Mao, Xian Hou, Guobao Zhang, Jieying Liu, Dingrong Xiong & Chuyuan Yang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Liang Zhang, Yanjun Xu, Shuangnan Zhang, Hua Feng, Lian Tao, Shijie Zheng, Yupeng Chen, Mingyu Ge, Dawei Han, Panping Li, Jingqiang Peng, Qingcang Shui, Ying Tan, Xilu Wang, Wentao Ye, Shujie Zhao & Qingchang Zhao

  5. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, Barcelona, 08193, Spain

    Alessandro Patruno, Alexandra Veledina, Alessio Marino & Mar Mezcua

  6. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona, E-08034, Spain

    Alessandro Patruno & Alessio Marino

  7. Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, chemin d’Ecogia 16, Versoix, 1290, Switzerland

    Enrico Bozzo

  8. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Eberhard Karls Universität Tbingen, Sand 1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

    Andrea Santangelo, Lorenzo Ducci & Pengju Wang

  9. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

    Silvia Zane

  10. Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, c/ Eduard Maristany 16, Barcelona, 08019, Spain

    Yuri Cavecchi, Barbara de Marco & Gloria Sala

  11. Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Junhui Fan, Zhiyuan Pei, Wenxin Yang, Yuhai Yuan & Lixia Zhang

  12. Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Pengfei Jiang & Lang Cui

  13. INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, Merate, LC I-23807, Italy

    Patrizia Romano & Lorenzo Ducci

  14. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Castelldefels, 08860, Spain

    Gloria Sala & Mar Mezcua

  15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland

    Juri Poutanen

  16. Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden

    Alexandra Veledina

  17. Anton Pannekoek Institute/GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands

    Jacco Vink

  18. Space Research Organisation Netherlands, Niels Bohrweg 4, Leiden, 2333 CA, the Netherlands

    Jacco Vink & Jean in’t Zand

  19. Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Song Wang

  20. Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 102206, China

    Song Wang

  21. Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Junxian Wang, Shijiang Chen & Jialai Kang

  22. College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China

    Yidi Wang, Yusong Wang & Wei Zheng

  23. School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Shanshan Weng, Guobin Mou & Xiao Zhang

  24. Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Qingwen Wu, Mengye Wang & Jiancheng Wu

  25. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Fei Xie, Wei Deng & Kuan Liu

  26. School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jin Zhang & Xinke Hu

  27. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China

    Samuzal Barua, Liang Chen, Minfeng Gu, Hengxiao Guo, Zhen Yan & Wenwen Zuo

  28. Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, China

    Yongyun Chen

  29. INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, Naples, I-80131, Italy

    Domitilla de Martino & Scaringi Simone

  30. INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, I-40129, Italy

    Ruben Farinelli

  31. State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Fabo Feng

  32. School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Long Ji

  33. CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Long Ji

  34. Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH 195 196, The Netherlands

    Yves Kini

  35. Key Laboratory of Stars and Interstellar Medium, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China

    Zhaosheng Li & Ming Lyu

  36. School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China

    Jiren Liu

  37. Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, Warsaw, 00-716, Poland

    Alex Markowitz

  38. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

    Matt Middleton

  39. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, China

    C.-Y. Ng

  40. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, Monteporzio Catone, 00078, Italy

    Alessandro Papitto

  41. Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK

    Scaringi Simone

  42. Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Yang Su

  43. Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Junfeng Wang

  44. Shanghai Key Lab for Astrophysics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China

    Hubing Xiao

  45. Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China

    Rui Xue

  46. College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Ming Yang

  47. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Ming Yang

  48. College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China

    Zhuoli Yu

  49. Department of Physics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China

    Yonggang Zheng

Authors
  1. Ping Zhou
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  2. Jirong Mao
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  3. Liang Zhang
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  32. Yuehong Chen
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ping Zhou, Jirong Mao, Liang Zhang, Alessandro Patruno or Enrico Bozzo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

This work was supported by the China’s Space Origins Exploration Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12273010, 12333007, 12433004, 12233002, 12373041, and 12422306), the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 113111KYSB20190020), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15020100), the Spanish MICIU (Grant Nos. PID2021-124581OB-I0, PID2024-155316NB-I00, and 2021SGR00426), the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (Grant Nos. RYC2021-032718-I, and RYC2018-025950-I), the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, the Spanish MINECO (Grant Nos. PID2022-136828NB-C44, and PID2023-148661NB-I00), the E.U. FEDER Funds, the AGAUR/Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant No. SGR-386/2021), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer (Grant No. 549824807), the Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023, the National SKA Program of China (Grant No. 2020SKA0120300), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0718500), the Xinjiang Tianchi Program, the Hong Kong Government under HKU (Grant No. 17304524), and the Bagui Scholars Program. We thank B. Haskell, J.E. Horvath, N. Dutra Pire, B.B. Martins, M.G.B. de Avellar, L.M.de Sá, and D. Vasconcelos Rodrigues for providing helpful comments.

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Zhou, P., Mao, J., Zhang, L. et al. Observatory science with eXTP. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 68, 119507 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-025-2799-0

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