Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to link.springer.com

Skip to main content

Outpatient and On-Field Evaluation of Sports Trauma in the Knee

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
A Case-Based Approach to Knee Pain

Abstract

This chapter discusses the evaluation and management of sports trauma in the human knee, focusing on “on-field” and outpatient settings. We begin with general principles in the evaluation and management of acute knee injuries in the outpatient setting, with focuses on diagnosis and temporizing management. We review common mechanisms of injury and specific injuries for a variety of the most popular sports globally, focusing in turn on injuries which are unique to specific sports. We review examination maneuvers and imaging tests valuable in the diagnosis of sports injuries of the knee. We review the details of management for these injuries after presentation in the office setting, with a special focus on rehabilitation and return-to-play. Finally, for various sports and injuries we briefly discuss on-field management at the time of acute injury.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from £29.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Chapter
GBP 19.95
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
GBP 87.50
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
GBP 109.99
Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nicolini AP, De Carvalho RT, Matsuda MM, Sayum JF, Cohen M. Common injuries in athletes’ knee: experience of a specialized center. Acta Ortop Bras. 2014;22:127–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tenan MS. Quantifying emergency department visits from sport and recreation: focus on the lower extremity and knee, 1997–2009. J Athl Train. 2016;51:309–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Browne GJ, Barnett P. Common sports-related musculoskeletal injuries presenting to the emergency department. J Paediatr Child Health. 2016;52:231–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fairbank TJ. Examination of the knee joint. Br Med J. 1969;3(5664):220–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. O'Shea KJ, Murphy KP, Heekin RD, Herzwurm PJ. The diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, and radiographs in the evaluation of traumatic knee disorders. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(2):164–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Clover J, Wall J. Return-to-play criteria following sports injury. Clin Sports Med. 2010;29(1):169–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Harner CD, Waltrip RL, Bennett CH, et al. Surgical management of knee dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86(2):262–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Medina O, Arom GA, Yeranosian MG, Petrigliano FA, McAllister DR. Vascular and nerve injury after knee dislocation: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(9):2621–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Niall DM, Nutton RW, Keating JF. Palsy of the common peroneal nerve after traumatic dislocation of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(5):664–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zarins B, Ctulio JV. Acute muscle and tendon injuries in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 1983;2(1):167–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fayard JM, Sonnery-Cottet B, Vrgoc G, et al. Incidence and risk factors for a partial anterior cruciate ligament tear progressing to a complete tear after nonoperative treatment in patients younger than 30 years. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019;7(7):2325967119856624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Halawi MJ, Morwood MP. Acute management of open fractures: an evidence-based review. Orthopedics. 2015;38(11):e1025–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gosselin RA, Roberts I, Gillespie WJ. Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;1:CD003764.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;243:36–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bollen S. Epidemiology of knee injuries: diagnosis and triage. Br J Sports Med. 2000;34(3):227–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dehaven KE, Lintner DM. Athletic injuries: comparison by age, sport, and gender. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14(3):218–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Majewski M, Susanne H, Klaus S. Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: a 10-year study. Knee. 2006;13(3):184–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rothenberg P, Grau L, Kaplan L, Baraga MG. Knee injuries in American football: an epidemiological review. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(6):368–73.

    Google Scholar 

  19. LaPrade CM, Civitarese DM, Rasmussen MT, LaPrade RF. Emerging updates on the posterior cruciate ligament: a review of the current literature. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(12):3077–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang D, Graziano J, Williams RJ 3rd, Jones KJ. Nonoperative treatment of PCL injuries: goals of rehabilitation and the natural history of conservative care. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018;11:290–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Deitch JR, Starkey C, Walters SL, Moseley JB. Injury risk in professional basketball players: a comparison of Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(7):1077–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cumps E, Verhagen E, Meeusen R. Prospective epidemiological study of basketball injuries during one competitive season: ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6(2):204–11.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kelly DW, Carter VS, Jobe FW, Kerlan RK. Patellar and quadriceps tendon ruptures—jumper’s knee. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12(5):375–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Patellar tendon rupture. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Koehle MS, Lloyd-Smith R, Taunton JE. Alpine ski injuries and their prevention. Sports Med. 2002;32(12):785–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Natri A, Beynnon BD, Ettlinger CF, Johnson RJ, Shealy JE. Alpine ski bindings and injuries. Current findings. Sports Med. 1999;28(1):35–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sabesan V. Hip and knee dislocations in extreme sports: a six year National Epidemiologic Study. J Exerc Sports Orthop. 2015;2(1):124.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Howells NR, Brunton LR, Robinson J, et al. Acute knee dislocation: an evidence based approach to the management of the multiligament injured knee. Injury. 2011;42(11):1198–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wijdicks CA, Griffith CJ, Johansen S, Engebretsen L, LaPrade RF. Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and associated medial structures of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(5):1266–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rihn JA, Groff YJ, Harner CD, Cha PS. The acutely dislocated knee: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12(5):334–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Miyamoto RG, Bosco JA, Sherman OH. Treatment of medial collateral ligament injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17(3):152–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Naraghi AM, White LM. Imaging of athletic injuries of knee ligaments and menisci: sports imaging series. Radiology. 2016;281:23–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Arendt E, Dick R. Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer. NCAA data and review of literature. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(6):694–701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ryzewicz M, Peterson B, Siparsky PN, Bartz RL. The diagnosis of meniscus tears: the role of MRI and clinical examination. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;455:123–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wedge C, Crowell M, Mason J, Pitt W. Rehabilitation and return to play following meniscus repair. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2021;29(3):173–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Brelin AM, Rue JP. Return to play following meniscus surgery. Clin Sports Med. 2016;35:669–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Yabroudi MA, Irrgang JJ. Rehabilitation and return to play after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 2013;32:165–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Shea KG, Carey JL. Management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: evidence-based guideline. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(5):e1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA. Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware–Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(13):804–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dustin C. Buller .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Buller, D.C., Jain, E., Colvin, A. (2022). Outpatient and On-Field Evaluation of Sports Trauma in the Knee. In: Leong, M., Cooper, G., Herrera, J.E., Murphy, P. (eds) A Case-Based Approach to Knee Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15356-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15356-3_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15355-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15356-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Keywords

Publish with us

Policies and ethics