Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to link.springer.com

Skip to main content
Log in

The physiological gradients

  • Sammelreferat
  • Published:
Protoplasma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from £29.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literature

  • Allee, W. C., The Effect of Potassium Cyanide on Metabolism in two Fresh Water Arthropods. Amer. Journ. Physiol. LXIII, 1923.

  • Allen, G. D., Quantitative Studies on the Rate of Respiratory Metabolism inPlanaria. I. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLVIII, 1919 a.

  • - Quantitative Studies &c. II. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLIX, 1919b.

  • - The rate of Carbon Dioxide Production in Pieces ofPlanaria in Relation to the Theory of Metabolic Gradients. Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool., 1919; Anat. Rec. XVII, 1920.

  • Alvarez, W. C., The Mechanics of the Digestive Tract. Second Edit. New York 1928.

  • Behre, Elinor H., An Experimental Study of Acclimation to Temperature inPlanaria dorotocephala. Biol. Bull. XXXV, 1918.

  • Bellamy, A. W., Differential Susceptibility as a Basis for Modification and Control of Development in the Frog. I. Biol. Bull. XXXVII, 1919.

  • - Differential Susceptibility &c. II. Amer. Journ. Anat. XXX, 1922.

  • - andChild, C. M., Susceptibility in Amphibian Development. Proc. Roy. Soc., B, XCVI, 1924.

  • Bills, C. E., Some Effects of the Lower Alcohols on Paramecium. Biol. Bull. XLVII, 1924.

  • Bovie, W. T. andBarr, C. E., Photocytolysis as a Measure of Metabolic Activity. Amer. Chem. Soc. Div. of Biol. Chem. Science LIX, 1924.

  • Boveri, T., Die Potenzen derAscaris-Blastomeren bei abgeänderter Furchung. Festschrift zum 60. GeburtstageR. Hertwigs. III, 1910.

  • Buchanan, J. W., The Control of Head-formation inPlanaria by Means of Anesthetics. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXVI, 1922.

  • - Disintegrative Action of KNC on Amblystoma Embryos in Solutions of Different Osmotic Pressure. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. XXIV, 1926 a.

  • - Regional Differences in Rate of Oxidation in the Chick Blastoderm as Shown by Susceptibility to Hydrocyanic Acid. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLV, 1926 b.

  • Cannon, H. G., On the Metabolie Gradient in the Frog's Egg. Proc. Roy. Soc., B, XCIV, 1923.

  • Child, C. M., The Relation between Regulation and Fission inPlanaria. Biol. Bull. XI, 1906.

  • - An Analysis of Form Regulation inTubularia. I. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIII, 1907 a.

  • - An Analysis &c. II. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIII, 1907 b.

  • Child, C. M., An Analysis &c. III. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIII, 1907 c.

  • - An Analysis &c. IV. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIV, 1907 d.

  • - An Analysis &c. V. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIV, 1907 e.

  • - Factors of Form Regulation inHarenactis attenuata. III. Journ. Exp. Zool. VII, 1909.

  • - Physiological Isolation of Parts and Fission in Planaria. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXX, II. Teil, 1910a.

  • - Further experiments on Adventitious Reproduction and Polarity in Harenactis. Biol. Bull. XX, 1910 b.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. I. Journ. Exp. Zool. X, 1911 a.

  • -Die physiologische Isolation von Teilen des Organismus &c. Vorträge und Aufsätze Über Entwickelungsmechanik, Heft XI, 1911 b.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. II. Journ. Exp. Zool. XI, 1911 c.

  • - Studies &c. V. Journ. Exp. Zool. XIV, 1913 a.

  • - Studies &c. VI. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXXVII, 1913 b.

  • - The Axial Gradient in Ciliate Infusoria. Biol. Bull. XXVI, 1914 a.

  • - Starvation, Rejuvenescence and Acclimation in Planaria dorotocephala. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXXVIII, 1914 b.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. VII. Journ. Exp. Zool. XVI, 1914 c.

  • - Susceptibility Gradients in Animals. Science XXXIX, 1914 d.

  • - Axial Gradients in the Early Development of the Starfish. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XXXVII, 1915 a.

  • - Individuality in Organisms. Chicago 1915 b.

  • - Axial Susceptibility Gradients in the Early Development of the Sea Urchin. Biol. Bull. XXX, 1916 a.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. IX. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXI, 1916 b.

  • - Axial Susceptibility Gradients in Algae. Bot. Gaz. LXII, 1916 c.

  • - Experimental Control and Modification of Larval Development in the Sea Urchin in Relation to the Axial Gradients. Journ. Morph. XXVIII, 1916 d.

  • - Further Observations on Susceptibility Gradients in Algae. Biol. Bull. XXXI, 1916 e.

  • - Susceptibility Gradients in the Hairs of Certain Marine Algae. Biol. Bull. XXXII, 1917 a.

  • - Experimental Alteration of the Axial Gradient in the Alga, Griffithsia bornetiana. Biol. Bull. XXXII, 1917b.

  • - The Gradient in Susceptibility to Cyanides in the Meridional Conducting Path of the Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLI, 1917 c.

  • - Differential Susceptibility and Differential Inhibition in the Development of Polychete Annelids. Journ. Morphol. XXX, 1917 d.

  • - Physiological Senescence in Hydromedusae. Biol. Bull. XXXIV, 1918.

  • - Demonstration of the Axial Gradients by Means of Potassium Permanganate. Biol. Bull. XXXVI, 1919 a.

  • - The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. II. Biol. Bull. XXXVII, 1919b.

  • - A Comparative Study of Carbon Dioxide Production During Starvation in Planaria. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLVIII, 1919 c.

  • - The Effect of Cyanides on Carbon Dioxide Production and on Susceptibility to Lack of Oxygen. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLVIII, 1919 d.

  • Child, C. M., Susceptibility to Lack of Oxygen During Starvation in Planaria. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLIX, 1919e.

  • - A Study of Susceptibility in Some Puget Sound Algae. Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. II, 1919f.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. X. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXX, 1920 a.

  • - Physiological Isolation by Low Temperature in Bryophyllum. Bot. Graz. LXX, 1920 b.

  • - Some Considerations Concerning the Nature of Physiological Gradients. Biol. Bull. XXXIX, 1920 c.

  • - Certain Aspects of the Problem of Correlation. Amer. Journ. Bot. VIII, 1921a.

  • - Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis &c. XL Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXIII, 1921b.

  • - The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. IV. Biol. Bull. XLI, 1921c.

  • - The Origin and Development of the Nervous System. Chicago 1921 d.

  • - The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. V. Biol. Bull. XLV, 1923 a.

  • - Physiological Polarity and Symmetry in Relation to Heredity, 1923b.

  • - The General Relation between Susceptibility and Physiologic Condition. Arch. Int. Med. XXXII, 1923 c.

  • - Modification of Development in Relation to Differential Susceptibility. Amer. Nat. LVIII, 1924 a.

  • - Physiological Foundations of Behavior. New York 1924b.

  • - The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. VI. Biol. Bull. XLVIII, 1925 a.

  • - The Axial in Hydrozoa. VII. Biol. Bull. XLVIII, 1925b.

  • - The Physiological Significance of the Cephalocaudal Differential in Vertebrate Development. Anat. Rec. XXXI, 1925 c.

  • - Studies on the Axial Gradients in Corymorpha palma. II. Biol. Gen. II, 1926a.

  • - Studies &c. III. Biol. Gen. II, 1926b.

  • - Modification of Polarity and Symmetry in Corymorpha palma by Means of Inhibiting Conditions and Differential Exposure. I. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLVII, 1927a.

  • - Modification of Polarity &c. II. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLVIII, 1927b.

  • - Experimental Localization of New Axes in Corymorpha Without Obliteration of the Original Polarity. Biol. Bull. LIII, 1927 c.

  • - Development Modification and Elimination of the Larval Stage in the Ascidian, Corella willmeriana. Mour. Morphol. Physiol. XLIV, 1927d.

  • - Transformation of Bipolar Forms in Corymorpha palma. Biol. Bull. LIV, 1928 a.

  • - Physiological Polarity and Dominance in the Holdfast System of Corymorpha. Biol. Bull. LIV, 1928b.

  • - Axial Development in Aggregates of Dissociated Cells from Corymorpha palma. Physiol. Zool. I, 1928c.

  • - andBellamy, A. W., Physiological Isolation by Low Temperature in Bryophyllum and Other Plants. Science L, 1919.

  • - andDeviney, E., Contributions to the Physiology of Paramecium caudatum. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLIII, 1925.

  • - andHyman, L. H., The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. I. Biol. Bull. XXXVI, 1919.

  • - - Studies on the Axial Gradients in Corymorpha palma. I. Biol. Gen. II, 1926.

  • de Beer, G. R., The Mechanics of Vertebrate Development, Biol. Rev. II, 1927.

  • Della Valle, P., La doppia rigenerazione inversa nelle fratture delle zampe di Triton. Boll, della Soc. di Naturalisa, Napoli XXV-XXVI (1911–1912), 1913.

  • Driesch, H., Studien Über das Regulationsvermögen der Organismen. 2. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. IX, 1899.

  • - Zur Theorie der organischen Symmetrie, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXVI, 1908.

  • Galigher, A. E., Axial Metabolic Gradients in the Early Development of the Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus. Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. III, 1921a.

  • - On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption V. Amer. Journ. Physiol. LVIII, 1921b.

  • Garcia-Banus, M., Is the Theory of Axial Gradients in the Regeneration of Tubularia Supported by Facts. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXVI, 1918.

  • Gast, R. andGodlewski, E., Die Regnlationserscheinungen bei Pennaria cavolinii. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XVI, 1903.

  • Gilchrist, F. G., The Effect of a Horizontal Temperature Gradient on the Development of the Egg of the Urodele, Triturus torosus. Physiol. Zool. I, 1928.

  • Goerttler, K., Die Formbildung der Medullaranlage bei Urodelen. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. CVI, 1925.

  • - Die Bedeutung gestaltender Bewegungsvorgänge beim Differenzierungsgeschehen. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. CXII, 1927.

  • Hämmerling, J., Die Umkehrung der Polarität des ungefurchten Eies von Rana fusca und ihre Folgeerscheinungen. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. CX, 1927.

  • Harrison, R. G., On Relations of Symmetry in Transplanted Limbs. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXII, 1921.

  • Herbst, C., Experimentelle Untersuchungen Über den Einfluß des veränderten chemischen Mediums auf die embryonale Entwickelung. I. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. LV, 1892.

  • - Experimentelle Untersuchungen usw. Mitt. d. zool. Station Neapel XI, 1895 a.

  • - Experimentelle Untersuchungen usw. III–VI. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. II, 1895b.

  • Hinrichs, Marie A., A Study of the Physiological Effects of Caffein upon Planaria dorotocephala. Journ. Exp. Zool. XL, 1924 a.

  • - A Demonstration of the Axial Gradient by Means of Photolysis. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLI, 1924b.

  • - Modification of Development on the Basis of Differential Susceptibility to Radiation. I. Journ. Morphol. Physiol. XLI, 1925.

  • - Modification of Development &c. II. Biol. Bull. L, 1926 a.

  • - Modification of Development &c. III. Biol. Bull. L, 1926b.

  • - Modification of Development &c. IV. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLVII, 1927.

  • Huxley, J. S., Studies on Dedifferentiation. II. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., LXV, 1921.

  • - Dedifferentiation in Echinus Larvae and its Relation to Metamorphosis. Biol. Bull. XLIII, 1922.

  • - andde Beer, G. R., Studies in Dedifferentiation. IV. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. LXVII, 1923.

  • Hyman, L. H., An Analysis of the Process of Regeneration in Certain Microdrilous Oligochetes. Journ. Exp. Zool. XL, 1916a.

  • - On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption. I. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XL, 1916b.

  • - The Metabolic Gradients in Amoeba. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXIV, 1917.

  • - On the action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption. II. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLVIII, 1919 a.

  • Hyman, L. H., Physiological Studies on Planaria. I. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLIX, 1919b.

  • - Physiological Studies on Planaria. II. Amer. Journ. Physiol. L, 1919c.

  • - Physiological Studies on Planaria. III. Biol. Bull. XXXVII, 1919d.

  • - On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption. III. Biol. Bull. XXXVII, 1919e.

  • - The Axiai Gradients in Hydrozoa. III. Biol. Bull. XXXVIII, 1920a.

  • - Physiological Studies on Planaria. IV. Amer. Journ. Physiol. L, 1920b.

  • - On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption. IV. Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. II, 1920c.

  • - The Metabolic Gradients of Vertebrate Embryos. 1. Biol. Bull. LX, 1921.

  • - Physiological Studies on Planaria. V. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXVII, 1923.

  • - Respiratory Differences Along the Axis of Grantia. Biol. Bull. XLVIII, 1925.

  • - The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa. VIII. Biol. Bull. L, 1926a.

  • - The Metabolic Gradients of Vertebrate Embryos. II. Journ. Morph. Physiol. XLII, 1926 b.

  • - The Metabolic Gradients of Vertebrate Embryos. III. Biol. Bull. LII, 1927 a.

  • - The Metabolic Gradients of Vertebrate Embryos. IV. Biol. Bull. LII, 1927b.

  • - andBellamy, A. W., Studies on the Correlation between Metabolic Gradients, Electrical Gradients and Galvanotaxis. Biol. Bull. XLIII.

  • - andGaligher, A. E., A. Direct Demonstration of the Existence of a Metabolic Gradient in Annelids. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXIV, 1921.

  • Lehmann, E. E., Die Bedeutung der Unterlagerung fÜr die Entwickelung der Medullarplatte von Triton. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. CXIII, 1928.

  • Lillie, F. R., Notes on Regeneration and Regulation. II. Amer. Journ. Physiol. VI, 1901.

  • - Polarity and Bilaterality of the Annelid Egg. Experiments with Centrifugal Force. Biol. Bull. XVI, 1909.

  • Loeb, J., Regeneration. New York 1924.

  • Lund, B. L., The Action of KCN and its Relation to the State of Nutrition and Age of the Cell, as Shown by Paramecium and Didinium. Biol. Bull. XXXV, 1918.

  • Lund, E. J., Quantitative Studies on Intracellular Respiration I, II. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XLV, 1918.

  • - Quantitative Studies &c. V. Amer. Journ. Physiol. LVII, 1921a.

  • - Oxygen Concentration as a Limiting Factor in the Respiratory Metabolism of Planaria agilis. Biol. Bull. XLI, 1921b.

  • - Experimental Control of Organic Polarity by the Electric Current. I. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXIV, 1921c.

  • - Experimental Control &c. II. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXVI, 1922.

  • - Electrical Control of Organic Polarity in the Egg of Fucus. Bot. Gaz. LXXVI, 1923.

  • - Experimental Control &c. IV. Journ. Exp. Zool. XXXIX, 1924.

  • - Experimental Control &c. V. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLI, 1925.

  • - andKenyon, W. A., The Relation between Continuous Bioelectric Currents and Cell Respiration. I. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLVIII, 1927.

  • Mac Arthur, J. W., Changes in Acid and Alkali Tolerance with Age in Planaria. Amer. Journ. Physiol. LIV, 1920.

  • MacArthur, J. W., Gradients of Vital Staining and Susceptibility in Planaria and other Forms. Amer. Journ. Physiol. LVII, 1921.

  • - An Experimental Study and a Physiological Interpretation of Exogastrulation and Related Modifications in Echinoderm Embryos. Biol. Bull. XLVI, 1924.

  • Mathews, A. P., Electrical Polarity in the Hydroids. Amer. Journ. Physiol. VIII, 1903.

  • McClendon, J. F., An Attempt Toward the Physical Chemistry of the Production of One-eyed Monstrosities. Amer. Journ. Plrysiol. XXIX, 1912a.

  • - The Effects of Alkaloids on the Development of Fish (Fundulus) Eggs. Amer. Journ. Physiol. XXXT, 1912b.

  • Morgan, T. H., Begeneration in Tubularia. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XI, 1901. -Experimental Study of the Internal Factors of Regeneration in the Earthworm. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XIV, 1902.

  • - An Attempt to Analyze the Phenomena of Polarity in Tubularia. Journ. Exp. Zool. I, 1904 a.

  • - Regeneration of Heteromorphic Tails in Posterior Pieces of Planaria simplicissima. Journ. Exp. Zool. I, 1904b.

  • - Polarity Considered as a Phenomenon of Gradation of Materials. Journ. Exp. Zool. III, 1905.

  • - Hydranth Formation and Polarity in Tubularia. Journ. Exp. Zool. III, 1906. -Some Further Records Concerning the Physiology of Regeneration in Tubularia. Biol. Bull. XIV, 1908.

  • - andDimon, A. C., An Examination of the Problem of Physiological Polarity and Electrical. Polarity in the Earthworm. Journ. Exp. Zool. I, 1904.

  • - andSpooner,G. B., The Polarity of the Centrifuged Egg. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXVIII, 1909.

  • - andStevens,N. M., Experiments on Polarity in Tubularia. Journ. Exp. Zool. I, 1904.

  • Newman, H. H., On the Production of Monsters by Hybridization. Biol. Bull. XXXII, 1917.

  • Osterhout, W. J. V.,Damon E. R. andJacques, A. G., Dissimilarity of Inner and Outer Protoplasmic Surfaces in Valonia. Journ. Gen. Physiol. XI, 1927.

  • - andHarris, E. S., Protoplasmic Asymmetry in Nitella as Shown by Bioelectric Measurements. Journ. Gen. Physiol. XI, 1928.

  • Penners, A. undSchleip W., Die Entwicklung der Schulzeschen Doppelbildungen aus dem Ei von Rana fusca I–VI. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. CXXX, CXXXI, 1927 bis 1928.

  • Przibram, H., Die Bruchdreifachbildungen im Tierreich. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XLVIII, 1921.

  • Robbins, H. S. andChild C. M., Carbon Dioxide Production in Relation to Regeneration in Planaria dorotocephala. Biol. Bull. XXXVIII.

  • Runnström J. Analytische Studien Über die Seeigelentwickelung. I. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XL, 1914.

  • - Analytische Studien usw. II. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XLI, 1915.

  • - Analytische Studien usw. III. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XLIII, 1917.

  • - Experimentelle Bestimmung der Dorsoventralachse bei dem Seeigelkeim. Arch. f. Zool. XVIII, A, 1925.

  • Rustia, C. P., The Control of Biaxial Development in the Reconstitution of Pieces of Planaria. Journ. Exp. Zool. XLII, 1925.

  • Růžička, V., Beiträge zum Studium der Protoplasmahysterese und der hysteretischen Vorgänge. IX. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. CXII, 1927.

  • Sachs, J., Stoff und Form der Pflanzenorgane. Arb. d. bot. Inst. WÜrzburg II, 1880.

  • Schultze, O., Die kÜnstliche Erzeugung von Doppelbildungen bei Froschlarven mit Hilfe abnormer Gravitationswirkung. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. I, 1894.

  • Shearer, C., On the Oxygen Consumption Rate of Parts of the Chick Embryo and Fragments of the Earthworm. Proc. Roy. Soc., B, XCVI, 1924.

  • Sivickis, P. B., Studies on the Physiology of Reconstitution in Planaria lata, with a Description of the Species. Biol. Bull. XLIV, 1923.

  • Spemann, H., Some Factors of Animal Development. Brit. Journ. Exp. Biol. II, 1925.

  • - Organizers in Animal Development. Proc. Roy. Soc., B, CII, 1927.

  • Stockard, C. R., The Artificial Production of a Single Median Cyclopian Eye in the Fish by Means of Sea Water Solutions of Magnesium Chloride. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech. XXIII, 1907.

  • - The Development of Artificially Produced Cyclopian Fish. “The Magnesium Embryo”. Journ. Exp. Zool. VI, 1909.

  • - The Influence of Alcohol and other Anesthetics on Embryonic Development. Amer. Journ. Anat. X, 1910a.

  • - The Experimental Production of Various Eye Abnormalities and an Analysis of the Development of the Primary Parts of the Eye. Arch. f. vergl. Ophthalmol. I, 1910b.

  • Taylor, C. V. andTennent, D. H., Experimental Modification of Polarity in Marine Ova. Science LXIV, 1926.

  • Taylor, C. V.,Tennent, D. H. andWhitaker, D. M., An Experimental Study of Organization in the Egg. Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool., 1926.

  • Tennent, D. H., An Experimental Study of Organization in the Egg. Nat. Acad. Sci. LXIV, 1926.

  • Weimer, B. R., The Physiological Gradients in Hydra. Physiol. Zool. I, 1928.

  • Weiss, P., Morphodynamik. Abh. z. theoret, Biol., H. XXIII, 1926.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Child, C.M. The physiological gradients. Protoplasma 5, 447–476 (1928). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01604610

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01604610

Keywords