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Efficient somatic embryogenesis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines

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Abstract

Efficient regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) would be a valuable system for the micropropagation and genetic transformation of sugar beet. This study evaluated the effects of basic culture media (MS and PGo), plant growth regulators, sugars and the starting plant material on somatic embryogenesis in nine sugar beet breeding lines. Somatic embryos were induced from seedlings of several genotypes via an intervening callus phase on PGo medium containing N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Calli were mainly induced from cotyledons. Maltose was more effective for the induction of somatic embryogenesis than was sucrose. There were significant differences between genotypes. HB 526 and SDM 3, which produced embryogenic calli at frequencies of 25–50%, performed better than SDM 2, 8, 9 and 11. The embryogenic calli and embryos produced by this method were multiplied by repeated subculture. Histological analysis of embryogenic callus cultures indicated that somatic embryos were derived from single- or a small number of cells. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was ineffective for the induction of somatic embryogenesis from seedlings but induced direct somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos (IEs). Somatic embryos were mainly initiated from hypocotyls derived from the cultured IEs in line HB 526. Rapid and efficient regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis may provide a system for studying the molecular mechanism of SE and a route for the genetic transformation of sugar beet.

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Abbreviations

BAP :

N6-Benzylaminopurine

2,4-D:

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

IEs:

Immature zygotic embryos

IAA:

3-Indole acetic acid

K:

Kinetin

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

1-Naphthalene acetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

TDZ:

Thidiazuron or N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea

TIBA:

2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to MAFF and De Montfort University for supporting the project. We thank Dr. E. S. Mutasa-Göttgens for her comments on the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research/Systems Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK

    Chun-Lai Zhang, Dong-Fang Chen, Marie Kubalakova, Jian Zhang, Nigel W. Scott, Malcolm C. Elliott & Adrian Slater

  2. National Centre for Sugar Crops Improvement/Institute for Sugar Beet Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China

    Chun-Lai Zhang

  3. Firmenich SA, Route des Jeunes 1, P.O. Box 239, CH1211, Geneva 8, Switzerland

    Dong-Fang Chen

  4. Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Marie Kubalakova & Jian Zhang

Authors
  1. Chun-Lai Zhang
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  2. Dong-Fang Chen
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  3. Marie Kubalakova
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  4. Jian Zhang
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  5. Nigel W. Scott
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  6. Malcolm C. Elliott
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Correspondence to Chun-Lai Zhang.

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Zhang, CL., Chen, DF., Kubalakova, M. et al. Efficient somatic embryogenesis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding lines. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 93, 209–221 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9364-2

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