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Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants

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  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Waterlogging is a serious problem, which affects crop growth and yield in low lying rainfed areas. The main cause of damage under waterlogging is oxygen deprivation, which affect nutrient and water uptake, so the plants show wilting even when surrounded by excess of water. Lack of oxygen shift the energy metabolism from aerobic mode to anaerobic mode. Plants adapted to waterlogged conditions, have mechanisms to cope with this stress such as aerenchyma formation, increased availability of soluble sugars, greater activity of glycolytic pathway and fermentation enzymes and involvement of antioxidant defence mechanism to cope with the post hypoxia/anoxia oxidative stress. Gaseous plant hormone ethylene plays an important role in modifying plant response to oxygen deficiency. It has been reported to induce genes of enzymes associated with aerenchyma formation, glycolysis and fermentation pathway. Besides, nonsymbiotic-haemoglobins and nitric oxide have also been suggested as an alternative to fermentation for maintaining lower redox potential (low NADH/NAD ratio), and thereby playing an important role in anaerobic stress tolerance and signaling.

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Abbreviations

AA:

ascorbate

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

ADH:

alcohol dehydrogenase

AEC:

adenylate energy charge

ANP:

anaerobic protein

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

DHAR:

dihydroascorbate peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

GSH:

glutathione

Hb:

haemoglobin

cNR:

cytosolic nitrate reductase

LDH:

lactate dehydrogenase

MDHAR:

monodihzdroascorbate peroxidase

PM-NR:

plasma membrane nitrate reductase

PM-Ni-NOR:

plasma membrane nitrite nitric oxide reductase

NAD(P)H:

nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced

NiR:

nitrite reductase

NO:

nitric oxide

PDC:

pyruvate decarboxylase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SuSy:

sucrose synthase

XET:

xyloglucan endo-trans-glucosylase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    R. K. Sairam, D. Kumutha, K. Ezhilmathi, P. S. Deshmukh & G. C. Srivastava

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  1. R. K. Sairam
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  2. D. Kumutha
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  3. K. Ezhilmathi
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  4. P. S. Deshmukh
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  5. G. C. Srivastava
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Correspondence to R. K. Sairam.

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Sairam, R.K., Kumutha, D., Ezhilmathi, K. et al. Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants. Biol Plant 52, 401–412 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0084-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0084-6

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