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Bio-based Films and Coatings: Sustainable Polysaccharide Packaging Alternatives for the Food Industry

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Abstract

Polymers used as raw materials for synthetic packaging, i.e., those obtained from petroleum-derived sources, are resistant to degradation. Because of this, there is a growing concern in the world for the replacement of conventional packaging by renewable and biodegradable polymers. Polysaccharides are biopolymers commonly used as energy reserve by plants, but they can also be obtained from animals, algae, and microbes; regardless of the origin, their thermoplastic characteristics, renewability, high availability, low extraction cost, biodegradability, and good film-forming properties highlight their promising role as alternatives for this demand in decreasing the production and accumulation of synthetic plastics. This literature review addresses the main characteristics of film-type packaging and polysaccharide-based coatings for the food industry, emphasizing the main techniques used to obtain and characterize them. It is reported that the barrier and mechanical properties of a packaging composed only of polysaccharides are a challenge for the food industry; however, its quality has been improved with the addition of other biomolecules and reinforcement nanostructures. Using antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds to produce bioactive packaging adds value and is particularly favorable for this industrial field; additionally, the development of techniques for the production of polysaccharide packaging on an industrial scale is promising, and increases the competitiveness with those from non-biodegradable polymers. Therefore, films/coatings based on polysaccharides have the potential to minimize the use of materials of petrochemical origin.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), grant number 423993/2018–6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Av. Universitária, Santa Cecília, Patos, Paraíba, CEP, 58700-970, Brazil

    Bruna Alves Martins & Marthyna Pessoa de Souza

  2. Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns, R. Cap. Pedro Rodrigues, São José, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, CEP, 55294-902, Brazil

    Priscilla Barbosa Sales de Albuquerque

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  1. Bruna Alves Martins
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  2. Priscilla Barbosa Sales de Albuquerque
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by BAM, MPdS and PBSdA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Bruna Alves Martins and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marthyna Pessoa de Souza.

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Martins, B.A., de Albuquerque, P.B.S. & de Souza, M.P. Bio-based Films and Coatings: Sustainable Polysaccharide Packaging Alternatives for the Food Industry. J Polym Environ 30, 4023–4039 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02442-0

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