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Comparison of rhodamine B degradation under UV irradiation by two phases of titania nano-photocatalyst

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Abstract

Titania (TiO2) nano-photocatalysts, with different phases, prepared using a modified sol–gel process were employed in the degradation of rhodamine at 10 mg L−1 concentration. The degradation efficiency of these nano-photocatalysts was compared to that of commercial Degussa P25 titania. It was found that the nanocatalysts calcined at 450 °C and the Degussa P25 titania had similar photoreactivity profiles. The commercial Degussa P25 nanocatalysts had an overall high apparent rate constant of (K app) of 0.023 min−1. The other nanocatalyst had the following rate constants: 0.017, 0.0089, 0.003 and 0.0024 min−1 for 450, 500, 550 and 600 °C calcined catalysts, respectively. This could be attributed to the phase of the titania as the anatase phase is highly photoactive than the other phases. Furthermore, characterisation by differential scanning calorimetry showed the transformation of titania from amorphous to anatase and finally to rutile phase. SEM and TEM characterisations were used to study the surface morphology and internal structure of the nanoparticles. BET results show that as the temperature of calcinations was raised, the surface area reduced marginally. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the different phases of titania. This study has led to a conclusion that the anatase phase of the titania is the most photoactive nanocatalyst. It also had the highest apparent rate constant of 0.017 min−1, which is similar to that of the commercial titania.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the University of Johannesburg, DST/Mintek NIC for financial support and the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India for providing the infrastructure to carry out most of this research study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

    Mphilisi M. Mahlambi, Ajay K. Mishra, Shivani B. Mishra, Rui W. Krause & Bhekie B. Mamba

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    Ashok M. Raichur

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  1. Mphilisi M. Mahlambi
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  2. Ajay K. Mishra
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Correspondence to Ajay K. Mishra.

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Mahlambi, M.M., Mishra, A.K., Mishra, S.B. et al. Comparison of rhodamine B degradation under UV irradiation by two phases of titania nano-photocatalyst. J Therm Anal Calorim 110, 847–855 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1852-7

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