From what I've gathered, there is no way to provide secrets from this action to another dispatched workflow. If your workflow dispatches another workflow, it must do so as a job. There is no secure way to provide secrets from this action to such a workflow.
At best, you could supply it another job with it's own steps via encryption (as seen here), but given that jobs for dispatching other workflows can't have steps - you could not decode such a secret from a "secret-store" inside the same job.