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Pygame, removed spaces before EOL
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‎README.md

Lines changed: 13 additions & 13 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ with <conn>: # Exits the block with commit()
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1
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>>> conn.execute('SELECT * FROM person').fetchall()
19081908
[(1, 'Jean-Luc', 187)]
1909-
```
1909+
```
19101910

19111911
### MySQL
19121912
**Has a very similar interface, with differences listed below.**
@@ -2401,14 +2401,14 @@ Curses
24012401
------
24022402
#### Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:
24032403
```python
2404-
from curses import wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_UP, KEY_DOWN, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
2404+
from curses import wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_DOWN, KEY_UP, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
24052405
from os import listdir, path, chdir
24062406

24072407
def main(screen):
24082408
ch, first, selected, paths = 0, 0, 0, listdir()
24092409
while ch != ascii.ESC:
24102410
height, _ = screen.getmaxyx()
2411-
screen.clear()
2411+
screen.erase()
24122412
for y, filename in enumerate(paths[first : first+height]):
24132413
screen.addstr(y, 0, filename, A_REVERSE * (selected == first + y))
24142414
ch = screen.getch()
@@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ def write_to_wav_file(filename, float_samples, nchannels=1, sampwidth=2, framera
28722872
a_float = max(-1, min(1 - 2e-16, a_float))
28732873
a_float += sampwidth == 1
28742874
a_float *= pow(2, sampwidth * 8 - 1)
2875-
return int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, 'little', signed=sampwidth!=1)
2875+
return int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, 'little', signed=sampwidth!=1)
28762876
with wave.open(filename, 'wb') as file:
28772877
file.setnchannels(nchannels)
28782878
file.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
@@ -2949,8 +2949,8 @@ screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500))
29492949
rect = pg.Rect(240, 240, 20, 20)
29502950
while all(event.type != pg.QUIT for event in pg.event.get()):
29512951
deltas = {pg.K_UP: (0, -1), pg.K_RIGHT: (1, 0), pg.K_DOWN: (0, 1), pg.K_LEFT: (-1, 0)}
2952-
for key_code, is_pressed in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
2953-
rect = rect.move(deltas[key_code]) if key_code in deltas and is_pressed else rect
2952+
for ch, is_pressed in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
2953+
rect = rect.move(deltas[ch]) if ch in deltas and is_pressed else rect
29542954
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
29552955
pg.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), rect)
29562956
pg.display.flip()
@@ -3046,7 +3046,7 @@ def run(screen, images, mario, tiles):
30463046
clock = pg.time.Clock()
30473047
while all(event.type != pg.QUIT for event in pg.event.get()):
30483048
keys = {pg.K_UP: D.n, pg.K_RIGHT: D.e, pg.K_DOWN: D.s, pg.K_LEFT: D.w}
3049-
pressed = {keys.get(i) for i, on in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) if on}
3049+
pressed = {keys.get(ch) for ch, is_prsd in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) if is_prsd}
30503050
update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
30513051
update_position(mario, tiles)
30523052
draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
@@ -3216,9 +3216,9 @@ b 3 4
32163216
#### Merge, Join, Concat:
32173217
```python
32183218
>>> l = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=['a', 'b'], columns=['x', 'y'])
3219-
x y
3220-
a 1 2
3221-
b 3 4
3219+
x y
3220+
a 1 2
3221+
b 3 4
32223222
>>> r = DataFrame([[4, 5], [6, 7]], index=['b', 'c'], columns=['y', 'z'])
32233223
y z
32243224
b 4 5
@@ -3263,7 +3263,7 @@ c 6 7
32633263
<DF> = <DF>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill/interpl() # Or: <DF>.apply/agg/transform(<trans_func>)
32643264
<DF> = <DF>.fillna(<el>) # Or: <DF>.applymap(<map_func>)
32653265
```
3266-
* **All operations operate on columns by default. Use `'axis=1'` parameter to process the rows instead.**
3266+
* **All operations operate on columns by default. Use `'axis=1'` parameter to process the rows instead.**
32673267

32683268
```python
32693269
>>> df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=['a', 'b'], columns=['x', 'y'])
@@ -3331,7 +3331,7 @@ c 7 8
33313331
#### Aggregate, Transform, Map:
33323332
```python
33333333
<DF> = <GB>.sum/max/mean/idxmax/all() # Or: <GB>.apply/agg(<agg_func>)
3334-
<DF> = <GB>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() # Or: <GB>.aggregate(<trans_func>)
3334+
<DF> = <GB>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() # Or: <GB>.aggregate(<trans_func>)
33353335
<DF> = <GB>.fillna(<el>) # Or: <GB>.transform(<map_func>)
33363336
```
33373337

@@ -3386,7 +3386,7 @@ from plotly.express import line
33863386
<div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div>
33873387

33883388
```python
3389-
covid = pd.read_csv('https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv',
3389+
covid = pd.read_csv('https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv',
33903390
usecols=['iso_code', 'date', 'total_deaths', 'population'])
33913391
continents = pd.read_csv('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/stevewithington/20a69c0b6d2ff'
33923392
'846ea5d35e5fc47f26c/raw/country-and-continent-codes-list-csv.csv',

‎index.html

Lines changed: 20 additions & 20 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1960,14 +1960,14 @@
19601960
</code></pre></div></div>
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19621962

1963-
<div><h2 id="curses"><a href="#curses" name="curses">#</a>Curses</h2><div><h4 id="runsabasicfileexplorerintheterminal">Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> curses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_UP, KEY_DOWN, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
1963+
<div><h2 id="curses"><a href="#curses" name="curses">#</a>Curses</h2><div><h4 id="runsabasicfileexplorerintheterminal">Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> curses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_DOWN, KEY_UP, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
19641964
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> os <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> listdir, path, chdir
19651965

19661966
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen)</span>:</span>
19671967
ch, first, selected, paths = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, listdir()
19681968
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ch != ascii.ESC:
19691969
height, _ = screen.getmaxyx()
1970-
screen.clear()
1970+
screen.erase()
19711971
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> y, filename <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(paths[first : first+height]):
19721972
screen.addstr(y, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, filename, A_REVERSE * (selected == first + y))
19731973
ch = screen.getch()
@@ -2034,7 +2034,7 @@
20342034
version = table.find(<span class="hljs-string">'th'</span>, text=<span class="hljs-string">'Stable release'</span>).next_sibling.strings.__next__()
20352035
logo_url = table.find(<span class="hljs-string">'img'</span>)[<span class="hljs-string">'src'</span>]
20362036
logo = requests.get(<span class="hljs-string">f'https:<span class="hljs-subst">{logo_url}</span>'</span>).content
2037-
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(<span class="hljs-string">'test.png'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
2037+
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(os.path.basename(logo_url), <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
20382038
file.write(logo)
20392039
print(python_url, version)
20402040
<span class="hljs-keyword">except</span> requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
@@ -2101,8 +2101,8 @@
21012101
<div><h3 id="profilingbyline">Profiling by Line</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install line_profiler memory_profiler</span>
21022102
<span class="hljs-meta">@profile</span>
21032103
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
2104-
a = [*range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>)]
2105-
b = {*range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>)}
2104+
l = list(range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>))
2105+
s = set(range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>))
21062106
main()
21072107
</code></pre></div>
21082108

@@ -2111,16 +2111,16 @@
21112111
=======================================================
21122112
1 @profile
21132113
2 def main():
2114-
3 1 955.0 955.0 43.7 a = [*range(10000)]
2115-
4 1 1231.0 1231.0 56.3 b = {*range(10000)}
2114+
3 1 955.0 955.0 43.7 l = list(range(10000))
2115+
4 1 1231.0 1231.0 56.3 s = set(range(10000))
21162116
</code></pre>
21172117
<pre><code class="text language-text">$ python3 -m memory_profiler test.py
21182118
Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
21192119
=======================================================
21202120
1 37.668 MiB 37.668 MiB @profile
21212121
2 def main():
2122-
3 38.012 MiB 0.344 MiB a = [*range(10000)]
2123-
4 38.477 MiB 0.465 MiB b = {*range(10000)}
2122+
3 38.012 MiB 0.344 MiB l = list(range(10000))
2123+
4 38.477 MiB 0.465 MiB s = set(range(10000))
21242124
</code></pre>
21252125
<div><h3 id="callgraph">Call Graph</h3><div><h4 id="generatesapngimageofthecallgraphwithhighlightedbottlenecks">Generates a PNG image of the call graph with highlighted bottlenecks:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pycallgraph2</span>
21262126
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pycallgraph2 <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> output, PyCallGraph
@@ -2274,7 +2274,7 @@
22742274
y = sum(range(velocity))
22752275
frame = Image.new(<span class="hljs-string">'L'</span>, (WIDTH, WIDTH))
22762276
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(frame)
2277-
draw.ellipse((WIDTH/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>-R, y, WIDTH/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>+R, y+R*<span class="hljs-number">2</span>), fill=<span class="hljs-string">'white'</span>)
2277+
draw.ellipse(((WIDTH / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) - R, y, (WIDTH / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) + R, y + (R * <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)), fill=<span class="hljs-string">'white'</span>)
22782278
frames.append(frame)
22792279
frames += reversed(frames[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>:<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>])
22802280
imageio.mimsave(<span class="hljs-string">'test.gif'</span>, frames, duration=<span class="hljs-number">0.03</span>)
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@
23322332
a_float = max(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, min(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - <span class="hljs-number">2e-16</span>, a_float))
23332333
a_float += sampwidth == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
23342334
a_float *= pow(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, sampwidth * <span class="hljs-number">8</span> - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
2335-
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, <span class="hljs-string">'little'</span>, signed=sampwidth!=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
2335+
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, <span class="hljs-string">'little'</span>, signed=sampwidth!=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
23362336
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> wave.open(filename, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
23372337
file.setnchannels(nchannels)
23382338
file.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
@@ -2392,8 +2392,8 @@
23922392
rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>)
23932393
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> all(event.type != pg.QUIT <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> event <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get()):
23942394
deltas = {pg.K_UP: (<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>), pg.K_RIGHT: (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>), pg.K_DOWN: (<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>), pg.K_LEFT: (<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)}
2395-
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> key_code, is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
2396-
rect = rect.move(deltas[key_code]) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> key_code <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> deltas <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> rect
2395+
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ch, is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
2396+
rect = rect.move(deltas[ch]) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> deltas <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> rect
23972397
screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))
23982398
pg.draw.rect(screen, (<span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>), rect)
23992399
pg.display.flip()
@@ -2472,7 +2472,7 @@
24722472
clock = pg.time.Clock()
24732473
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> all(event.type != pg.QUIT <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> event <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get()):
24742474
keys = {pg.K_UP: D.n, pg.K_RIGHT: D.e, pg.K_DOWN: D.s, pg.K_LEFT: D.w}
2475-
pressed = {keys.get(i) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, on <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> on}
2475+
pressed = {keys.get(ch) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ch, is_prsd <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_prsd}
24762476
update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
24772477
update_position(mario, tiles)
24782478
draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
@@ -2606,9 +2606,9 @@
26062606
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;DF&gt;.sort_values(column_key/s) <span class="hljs-comment"># Sorts rows by the passed column/s.</span>
26072607
</code></pre>
26082608
<div><h4 id="mergejoinconcat">Merge, Join, Concat:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>l = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>])
2609-
x y
2610-
a <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
2611-
b <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
2609+
x y
2610+
a <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
2611+
b <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
26122612
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>r = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'c'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'z'</span>])
26132613
y z
26142614
b <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
@@ -2651,7 +2651,7 @@
26512651
</code></pre></div>
26522652

26532653
<ul>
2654-
<li><strong>All operations operate on columns by default. Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'axis=1'</span></code> parameter to process the rows instead.</strong> </li>
2654+
<li><strong>All operations operate on columns by default. Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'axis=1'</span></code> parameter to process the rows instead.</strong></li>
26552655
</ul>
26562656
<pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>df = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>])
26572657
x y
@@ -2704,7 +2704,7 @@
27042704
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.get_group(group_key/s) <span class="hljs-comment"># Selects a group by value of grouping column.</span>
27052705
</code></pre>
27062706
<div><h4 id="aggregatetransformmap-2">Aggregate, Transform, Map:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.sum/max/mean/idxmax/all() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.apply/agg(&lt;agg_func&gt;)</span>
2707-
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.aggregate(&lt;trans_func&gt;) </span>
2707+
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.aggregate(&lt;trans_func&gt;)</span>
27082708
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.fillna(&lt;el&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.transform(&lt;map_func&gt;)</span>
27092709
</code></pre></div>
27102710

@@ -2742,7 +2742,7 @@
27422742
&lt;Figure&gt;.write_html/json/image(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;path&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Also: &lt;Figure&gt;.show()</span>
27432743
</code></pre></div>
27442744

2745-
<div><h4 id="coviddeathsbycontinent">Covid deaths by continent:</h4><p></p><div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">covid = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv'</span>,
2745+
<div><h4 id="coviddeathsbycontinent">Covid deaths by continent:</h4><p></p><div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">covid = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv'</span>,
27462746
usecols=[<span class="hljs-string">'iso_code'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'date'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'total_deaths'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'population'</span>])
27472747
continents = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/stevewithington/20a69c0b6d2ff'</span>
27482748
<span class="hljs-string">'846ea5d35e5fc47f26c/raw/country-and-continent-codes-list-csv.csv'</span>,

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