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‎Notes/00_Setup.md

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most out of the course however, you should try to create your own
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solutions first.
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[Contents](Contents)
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[Contents](Contents.md)
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‎Notes/01_Introduction/00_Overview.md

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The goal of this first section is to introduce some Python basics from
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the ground up. Starting with nothing, you'll learn how to edit, run,
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and debug small programs. Ultimately, you'll write a short script that
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reads a CSV data file and performs a simple calculation.
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reads a CSV data file and performs a simple calculation.
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* [1.1 Introducing Python](01_Python)
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* [1.2 A First Program](02_Hello_world)
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* [1.3 Numbers](03_Numbers)
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* [1.4 Strings](04_Strings)
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* [1.5 Lists](05_Lists)
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* [1.6 Files](06_Files)
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* [1.7 Functions](07_Functions)
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* [1.1 Introducing Python](01_Python.md)
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* [1.2 A First Program](02_Hello_world.md)
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* [1.3 Numbers](03_Numbers.md)
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* [1.4 Strings](04_Strings.md)
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* [1.5 Lists](05_Lists.md)
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* [1.6 Files](06_Files.md)
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* [1.7 Functions](07_Functions.md)
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[Contents](../Contents)
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[Contents](../Contents.md)
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‎Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md)
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# 1.1 Python
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### What is Python?
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Python is an interpreted high level programming language. It is often classified as a
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["scripting language"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language) and
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["scripting language"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language) and
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is considered similar to languages such as Perl, Tcl, or Ruby. The syntax
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of Python is loosely inspired by elements of C programming.
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```
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bash $ python
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Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 20 2020, 09:29:22)
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Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 20 2020, 09:29:22)
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[Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.10.44.4)] on darwin
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> print("hello world")
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hello world
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>>>
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>>>
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```
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If you are new to using the shell or a terminal, you should probably
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If you can't make this work, don't worry about it. The rest of this course
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has nothing to do with parsing XML.
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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md)
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‎Notes/01_Introduction/02_Hello_world.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python.md) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md)
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# 1.2 A First Program
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This so-called *read-eval-print-loop* (or REPL) is very useful for debugging and exploration.
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**STOP**: If you can't figure out how to interact with Python, stop what you're doing
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and figure out how to do it. If you're using an IDE, it might be hidden behind a
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and figure out how to do it. If you're using an IDE, it might be hidden behind a
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menu option or other window. Many parts of this course assume that you can
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interact with the interpreter.
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The `...` prompt may or may not be shown depending on your environment. For this course,
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it is shown as blanks to make it easier to cut/paste code samples.
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The underscore `_` holds the last result.
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The underscore `_` holds the last result.
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```python
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>>> 37 * 42
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hello world
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```
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Note: On Windows, you may need to specify a full path to the Python interpreter such as `c:\python36\python`.
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Note: On Windows, you may need to specify a full path to the Python interpreter such as `c:\python36\python`.
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However, if Python is installed in its usual way, you might be able to just type the name of the program
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such as `hello.py`.
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num_bills = num_bills * 2
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```
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Because the `print()` statement at the end is not indented, it
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Because the `print()` statement at the end is not indented, it
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does not belong to the loop. The empty line is just for
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readability. It does not affect the execution.
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* Use 4 spaces per level.
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* Use a Python-aware editor.
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Python's only requirement is that indentation within the same block
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Python's only requirement is that indentation within the same block
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be consistent. For example, this is an error:
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```python
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Reading error messages is an important part of Python code. If your program
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crashes, the very last line of the traceback message is the actual reason why the
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the program crashed. Above that, you should see a fragment of source code and then
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an identifying filename and line number.
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an identifying filename and line number.
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* Which line is the error?
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* What is the error?
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* Fix the error
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* Run the program successfully
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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python.md) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md)

‎Notes/01_Introduction/03_Numbers.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md)
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# 1.3 Numbers
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# 1.3 Numbers
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This section discusses mathematical calculations.
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x // y Floor Divide (produces an integer)
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x % y Modulo (remainder)
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x ** y Power
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x << n Bit shift left
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x << n Bit shift left
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x >> n Bit shift right
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x & y Bit-wise AND
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x | y Bit-wise OR
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## Exercises
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Reminder: These exercises assume you are working in the `practical-python/Work` directory. Look
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for the file `mortgage.py`.
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### Exercise 1.7: Dave's mortgage
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### Exercise 1.10: Making a table
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Modify the program to print out a table showing the month, total paid so far, and the remaining principal.
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The output should look something like this:
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```bash
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>>>
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```
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md)

‎Notes/01_Introduction/04_Strings.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md)
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# 1.4 Strings
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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>>>
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>>>
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```
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### Exercise 1.14: String concatenation
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'100 shares of IBM at $91.10'
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>>>
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>>>
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```
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Modify the `mortgage.py` program from [Exercise 1.10](03_Numbers) to create its output using f-strings.
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Modify the `mortgage.py` program from [Exercise 1.10](03_Numbers.md) to create its output using f-strings.
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Try to make it so that output is nicely aligned.
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### Exercise 1.18: Regular Expressions
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need to turn to Python's `re` module and regular expressions.
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```
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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md)

‎Notes/01_Introduction/05_Lists.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md)
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# 1.5 Lists
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>>>
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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md)

‎Notes/01_Introduction/06_Files.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions)
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions.md)
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# 1.6 File Management
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Most programs need to read input from somewhere. This section discusses file access.
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### File Input and Output
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```python
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# Process the line
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### Common Idioms for Writing to a File
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reading CSV files. This is true--and it works pretty well.
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is a more general problem than the specifics of CSV files.
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The main reason we're working with a CSV file is that it's a
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directly--illustrating many Python features in the process.
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions.md)

‎Notes/01_Introduction/07_Functions.md

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[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview)
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# 1.7 Functions
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data = u.read()
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```
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We will cover libraries and modules in more detail later.
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### Errors and exceptions
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Try this in your python REPL.
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### Exercise 1.30: Turning a script into a function
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and turn it into a function `portfolio_cost(filename)`. This
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bash %
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md)

‎Notes/02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md

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idioms. The last part of this section dives a little deeper
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into Python's underlying object model.
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* [2.1 Datatypes and Data Structures](01_Datatypes)
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* [2.2 Containers](02_Containers)
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* [2.3 Formatted Output](03_Formatting)
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* [2.4 Sequences](04_Sequences)
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* [2.5 Collections module](05_Collections)
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* [2.6 List comprehensions](06_List_comprehension)
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* [2.7 Object model](07_Objects)
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* [2.1 Datatypes and Data Structures](01_Datatypes.md)
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* [2.2 Containers](02_Containers.md)
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* [2.3 Formatted Output](03_Formatting.md)
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* [2.4 Sequences](04_Sequences.md)
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* [2.5 Collections module](05_Collections.md)
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* [2.6 List comprehensions](06_List_comprehension.md)
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* [2.7 Object model](07_Objects.md)
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[Contents](../Contents)
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[Contents](../Contents.md)

‎Notes/02_Working_with_data/01_Datatypes.md

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# 2.1 Datatypes and Data structures
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Is math broken in Python? What’s the deal with the answer of
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3220.0000000000005?
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This is an artifact of the floating point hardware on your computer
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only being able to accurately represent decimals in Base-2, not
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>>>
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```
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[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](../01_Introduction/06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.2 Containers)](02_Containers.md)

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