diff --git a/src/libraries/Common/tests/Tests/System/Collections/Generic/ArrayBuilderTests.cs b/src/libraries/Common/tests/Tests/System/Collections/Generic/ArrayBuilderTests.cs
index 5a6dbcd32d1ff1..14a80e17d6af8a 100644
--- a/src/libraries/Common/tests/Tests/System/Collections/Generic/ArrayBuilderTests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/Common/tests/Tests/System/Collections/Generic/ArrayBuilderTests.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace System.Collections.Generic.Tests
@@ -205,29 +206,7 @@ private static int CalculateExpectedCapacity(int count)
 
             // Then allocate arrays of size 4, 8, 16, etc.
             count = Math.Max(count, 4);
-            return NextPowerOfTwo(count);
-        }
-
-        private static int NextPowerOfTwo(int value)
-        {
-            // Taken from https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
-
-            Debug.Assert(value >= 0);
-
-            // If the number is already a power of 2, we want to round to itself.
-            value--;
-
-            // Propogate 1-bits right: if the highest bit set is @ position n,
-            // then all of the bits to the right of position n will become set.
-            value |= value >> 1;
-            value |= value >> 2;
-            value |= value >> 4;
-            value |= value >> 8;
-            value |= value >> 16;
-
-            // This yields a number of the form 2^N - 1.
-            // Add 1 to get a power of 2 with the bit set @ position n + 1.
-            return value + 1;
+            return (int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)count);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Buffers/tests/ArrayPool/UnitTests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Buffers/tests/ArrayPool/UnitTests.cs
index a917fd3af41c7a..7456e1b46fe68e 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Buffers/tests/ArrayPool/UnitTests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Buffers/tests/ArrayPool/UnitTests.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.Tracing;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.RemoteExecutor;
 using Xunit;
@@ -278,23 +279,11 @@ public static void CanRentManySizedBuffers(ArrayPool<byte> pool)
             for (int i = 1; i < 10000; i++)
             {
                 byte[] buffer = pool.Rent(i);
-                Assert.Equal(i <= 16 ? 16 : RoundUpToPowerOf2(i), buffer.Length);
+                Assert.Equal(i <= 16 ? 16 : (int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)i), buffer.Length);
                 pool.Return(buffer);
             }
         }
 
-        private static int RoundUpToPowerOf2(int i)
-        {
-            // http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
-            --i;
-            i |= i >> 1;
-            i |= i >> 2;
-            i |= i >> 4;
-            i |= i >> 8;
-            i |= i >> 16;
-            return i + 1;
-        }
-
         [Theory]
         [InlineData(1, 16)]
         [InlineData(15, 16)]
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/BitOperations.cs b/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/BitOperations.cs
index 826a129be7f854..49fbb26ff4ca48 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/BitOperations.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/BitOperations.cs
@@ -71,18 +71,55 @@ public static class BitOperations
         [CLSCompliant(false)]
         public static bool IsPow2(ulong value) => (value & (value - 1)) == 0 && value != 0;
 
-        /// <summary>Round the given integral value up to a power of 2.</summary>
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Round the given integral value up to a power of 2.
+        /// </summary>
         /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
-        internal static uint RoundUpToPowerOf2(uint value)
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The smallest power of 2 which is greater than or equal to <paramref name="value"/>.
+        /// If <paramref name="value"/> is 0 or the result overflows, returns 0.
+        /// </returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static uint RoundUpToPowerOf2(uint value)
         {
-            // TODO: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/43135
-            // When this is exposed publicly, decide on the behavior for the boundary cases...
-            // the accelerated and fallback paths differ.
-            Debug.Assert(value > 0 && value <= (uint.MaxValue / 2) + 1);
-
             if (Lzcnt.IsSupported || ArmBase.IsSupported || X86Base.IsSupported)
             {
-                return 1u << (32 - LeadingZeroCount(value - 1));
+#if TARGET_64BIT
+                return (uint)(0x1_0000_0000ul >> LeadingZeroCount(value - 1));
+#else
+                int shift = 32 - LeadingZeroCount(value - 1);
+                return (1u ^ (uint)(shift >> 5)) << shift;
+#endif
+            }
+
+            // Based on https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
+            --value;
+            value |= value >> 1;
+            value |= value >> 2;
+            value |= value >> 4;
+            value |= value >> 8;
+            value |= value >> 16;
+            return value + 1;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Round the given integral value up to a power of 2.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The smallest power of 2 which is greater than or equal to <paramref name="value"/>.
+        /// If <paramref name="value"/> is 0 or the result overflows, returns 0.
+        /// </returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        [CLSCompliant(false)]
+        public static ulong RoundUpToPowerOf2(ulong value)
+        {
+            if (Lzcnt.X64.IsSupported || ArmBase.Arm64.IsSupported)
+            {
+                int shift = 64 - LeadingZeroCount(value - 1);
+                return (1ul ^ (ulong)(shift >> 6)) << shift;
             }
 
             // Based on https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
@@ -92,6 +129,7 @@ internal static uint RoundUpToPowerOf2(uint value)
             value |= value >> 4;
             value |= value >> 8;
             value |= value >> 16;
+            value |= value >> 32;
             return value + 1;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Runtime.Extensions/tests/System/Numerics/BitOperationsTests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Runtime.Extensions/tests/System/Numerics/BitOperationsTests.cs
index f59d90b7c51450..7836538dbe7480 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Runtime.Extensions/tests/System/Numerics/BitOperationsTests.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Runtime.Extensions/tests/System/Numerics/BitOperationsTests.cs
@@ -388,5 +388,53 @@ public static void BitOps_RotateRight_ulong()
             Assert.Equal(value, BitOperations.RotateRight(value, int.MinValue)); // % 64 = 0
             Assert.Equal(BitOperations.RotateLeft(value, 63), BitOperations.RotateRight(value, int.MaxValue)); // % 64 = 63
         }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(0u, 0u)]
+        [InlineData(1u, 1u)]
+        [InlineData(2u, 2u)]
+        [InlineData(0x0096u, 0x0100u)]
+        [InlineData(0x05CDu, 0x0800u)]
+        [InlineData(0x0932u, 0x1000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x0004_C911u, 0x0008_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x00E0_A2E2u, 0x0100_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x0988_0713u, 0x1000_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x30A4_9649u, 0x4000_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x7FFF_FFFFu, 0x8000_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0000u, 0x8000_0000u)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0001u, 0ul)]
+        [InlineData(0xFFFF_FFFFu, 0ul)]
+        public static void BitOps_RoundUpToPow2_uint(uint value, uint expected)
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(expected, BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2(value));
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(0ul, 0ul)]
+        [InlineData(1ul, 1ul)]
+        [InlineData(2ul, 2ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0096ul, 0x0100ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x05cdul, 0x0800ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0932ul, 0x1000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0004_c911ul, 0x0008_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x00e0_a2b2ul, 0x0100_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0988_0713ul, 0x1000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x30a4_9649ul, 0x4000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x7FFF_FFFFul, 0x8000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0000ul, 0x8000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0001ul, 0x1_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0xFFFF_FFFFul, 0x1_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0000_0003_343B_0D81ul, 0x0000_0004_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0000_0D87_5EE2_8F19ul, 0x0000_1000_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0006_2A08_4A7A_3A2Dul, 0x0008_0000_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x0101_BF76_4398_F791ul, 0x0200_0000_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x7FFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFFul, 0x8000_0000_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0000_0000_0000ul, 0x8000_0000_0000_0000ul)]
+        [InlineData(0x8000_0000_0000_0001ul, 0ul)]
+        [InlineData(0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFFul, 0ul)]
+        public static void BitOps_RoundUpToPow2_ulong(ulong value, ulong expected)
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(expected, BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2(value));
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Runtime/ref/System.Runtime.cs b/src/libraries/System.Runtime/ref/System.Runtime.cs
index 5c77a9476c8bb9..da83529a5da361 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Runtime/ref/System.Runtime.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Runtime/ref/System.Runtime.cs
@@ -8196,6 +8196,10 @@ public static partial class BitOperations
         public static uint RotateRight(uint value, int offset) { throw null; }
         [System.CLSCompliantAttribute(false)]
         public static ulong RotateRight(ulong value, int offset) { throw null; }
+        [System.CLSCompliantAttribute(false)]
+        public static uint RoundUpToPowerOf2(uint value) { throw null; }
+        [System.CLSCompliantAttribute(false)]
+        public static ulong RoundUpToPowerOf2(ulong value) { throw null; }
         public static int TrailingZeroCount(int value) { throw null; }
         public static int TrailingZeroCount(long value) { throw null; }
         [System.CLSCompliantAttribute(false)]