GGML Operations

List of GGML operations and backend support status.

How to add a backend to this table:

1. Run test-backend-ops support --output csv with your backend name and redirect output to a csv file in docs/ops/ (e.g., docs/ops/CUDA.csv)
2. Regenerate /docs/ops.md via ./scripts/create_ops_docs.py

Legend:

• ✅ Fully supported by this backend
• 🟡 Partially supported by this backend
• ❌ Not supported by this backend

Operation	BLAS	CANN	CPU	CUDA	MTL	OpenCL	SYCL	Vulkan	WebGPU	ZenDNN	zDNN
ABS	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
ACC	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	✅	❌	❌	❌
ADD	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ADD1	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
ADD_ID	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ARANGE	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ARGMAX	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ARGSORT	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
CEIL	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
CLAMP	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
CONCAT	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
CONT	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡	❌	❌
CONV_2D	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌
CONV_2D_DW	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
CONV_3D	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌
CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
COS	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
COUNT_EQUAL	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
CPY	❌	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	❌	❌
CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌
CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌
CUMSUM	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
DIAG	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
DIAG_MASK_INF	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
DIV	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
DUP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
EXP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
EXPM1	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌
FILL	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
FLASH_ATTN_EXT	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	❌	❌
FLOOR	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GATED_DELTA_NET	❌	❌	✅	❌	🟡	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌
GATED_LINEAR_ATTN	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
GEGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GEGLU_ERF	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GEGLU_QUICK	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GELU_ERF	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GELU_QUICK	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
GET_ROWS	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡	❌	❌
GET_ROWS_BACK	❌	❌	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌
GROUP_NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
HARDSIGMOID	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
HARDSWISH	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
IM2COL	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
IM2COL_3D	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
L2_NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
LEAKY_RELU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	❌	✅	🟡	❌	❌	❌
LOG	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
MEAN	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
MUL	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
MUL_MAT	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡
MUL_MAT_HADAMARD	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
MUL_MAT_ID	❌	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	❌
NEG	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
OPT_STEP_ADAMW	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
OPT_STEP_SGD	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
OUT_PROD	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	🟡	❌	❌	❌	🟡
PAD	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
PAD_REFLECT_1D	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
POOL_1D	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌	❌
POOL_2D	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
REGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
RELU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
REPEAT	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
REPEAT_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
RMS_NORM	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
RMS_NORM_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ROLL	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ROPE	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ROPE_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
ROUND	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
RWKV_WKV6	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
RWKV_WKV7	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
SCALE	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
SET	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
SET_ROWS	❌	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	🟡	❌	❌
SGN	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SIGMOID	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SILU	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SILU_BACK	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
SIN	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SOFTPLUS	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SOFT_MAX	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
SOFT_MAX_BACK	❌	❌	🟡	🟡	❌	❌	🟡	✅	❌	❌	❌
SOLVE_TRI	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
SQR	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SQRT	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SSM_CONV	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
SSM_SCAN	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
STEP	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SUB	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
SUM	❌	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	❌	🟡	🟡	🟡	❌	❌
SUM_ROWS	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	🟡	🟡	✅	✅	❌	❌
SWIGLU	❌	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
SWIGLU_OAI	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
TANH	❌	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	❌	❌
TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌
TOP_K	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
TRI	❌	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
TRUNC	❌	❌	✅	🟡	✅	❌	🟡	🟡	✅	❌	❌
UPSCALE	❌	🟡	✅	✅	✅	🟡	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
XIELU	❌	❌	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	✅	✅	❌	❌