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Stephan Brandauer
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rewrite docs, improve error messages, etc
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‎javascript/ql/src/Security/CWE-830/FunctionalityFromUntrustedSource.qhelp‎

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<qhelp>
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<overview>
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<p>
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Including a resource from an untrusted source or using an untrusted channel may
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allow an attacker to include arbitrary code in the response.
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When including an external resource (eg., a <code>script</code> element or an
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<code>iframe</code> element) on a page, it is important to ensure that the received
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data is not malicious.
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</p>
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Including functionality from an external source via an <code>http</code> URL may
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allow an attacker to inject malicious code via a MITM (man-in-the-middle) attack.
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<p>
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When including external resources, it is possible to verify that the origin (the server
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that responds to the request) is the intended one by using an <code>https</code> URL.
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This prevents a MITM (man-in-the-middle) attack where an attacker might have been able
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to spoof a server response.
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</p>
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<p>
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Even when <code>https</code> is used, an attacker might still compromise the origin server.
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When using a <code>script</code> element, checking for <em>subresource integrity</em>
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(checking the contents of the data received by supplying a cryptographic digest of the
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expected sources to the script element) is possible. The script will only load sources
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that match the digest and an attacker will be unable to modify the script even when the
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server is compromised.
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</p>
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<p>
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Subresource integrity checking is commonly recommended when importing a fixed version of
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a library, eg., from a CDN (content-delivery network). Then, the fixed digest of that
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version of the library can easily be added to the <code>script</code> element's
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<code>integrity</code> attribute.
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</p>
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</overview>
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<recommendation>
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<p>
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When including external pages or behaviour, use <code>https</code> URLs
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to make sure you're getting the intended data, or users will be vulnerable
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to MITM attacks.
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When an <code>iframe</code> element is used to embed a page, it is important to use a
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<code>https</code> URL.
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</p>
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<p>
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When including external behaviour in iframe or script elements, using
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<code>http</code> URLs is unsafe because the request sent may be intercepted
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by an attacker, and malicious data may be sent back in reply.
29-
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When using a <code>script</code> element to load a script, it is important to use a
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<code>https</code> URL and to consider checking subresource integrity.
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</p>
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</recommendation>
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<example>
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<p>
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The following sample loads the jQuery library from the jQuery CDN without using <code>https</code>
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and without checking subresource integrity.
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</p>
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Even when <code>https</code> is used, an attacker might still compromise the
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server the page is receving data from.
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When including scripts from a CDN (content-delivery network), it is therefore recommended
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to set the integrity-attribute on the script tag to the hash of the script you're expecting
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to receive.
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This makes it impossible for an attacker to inject any code into the page, because the
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integrity check would fail &mdash; even when the CDN is compromised.
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See the reference on Subresource Integrity for more information.
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<sample src="jquery-http-nocheck.html" />
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<p>
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Instead, loading jQuery from the same domain using <code>https</code> and checking
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subresource integrity is recommended, as in the next sample.
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</p>
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</recommendation>
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<sample src="jquery-https-check.html" />
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</example>
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<references>
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<li>
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MDN: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity">Subresource Integrity</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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cwe.mitre.org: <a href="https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/830.html">CWE 830</a>
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</li>
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<li>MDN: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity">Subresource Integrity</a></li>
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<li>Smashing Magazine: <a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2019/04/understanding-subresource-integrity/">Understanding Subresource Integrity</a></li>
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</references>
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</qhelp>

‎javascript/ql/src/Security/CWE-830/FunctionalityFromUntrustedSource.ql‎

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/**
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* @name Inclusion of untrusted functionality by a HTML element.
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* @description Including untrusted functionality by a HTML element
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* opens up for potential man-in-the-middle attacks.
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* @name Inclusion of functionality from untrusted source.
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* @description Including functionality from an untrusted source may allow
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* an attacker to control the functionality and execute arbitrary code.
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* @kind problem
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* @problem.severity warning
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* @security-severity 8.1
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* @security-severity 6.0
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* @precision high
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* @id js/functionality-from-untrusted-source
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* @tags security
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* external/cwe/cwe-830
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*/
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import javascript
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import semmle.javascript.HTML
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import semmle.javascript.dataflow.TaintTracking
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18-
module Generic {
19-
/** A `CallNode` that creates an element of kind `name`. */
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predicate isCreateElementNode(DataFlow::CallNode call, string name) {
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call = DataFlow::globalVarRef("document").getAMethodCall("createElement") and
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call.getArgument(0).getStringValue().toLowerCase() = name
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}
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/**
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* A `createElement` call that creates a `<script ../>` element which never
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* has its `integrity` attribute set locally.
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*/
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predicate isCreateScriptNodeWoIntegrityCheck(DataFlow::CallNode createCall) {
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isCreateElementNode(createCall, "script") and
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not exists(createCall.getAPropertyWrite("integrity"))
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}
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/** A location that adds a reference to an untrusted source. */
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abstract class AddsUntrustedUrl extends Locatable {
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/** Gets an explanation why this source is untrusted. */
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abstract string getProblem();
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}
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/** A location that adds a reference to an untrusted source. */
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abstract class AddsUntrustedUrl extends Locatable {
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/** Gets an explanation why this source is untrusted. */
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abstract string getProblem();
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}
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module StaticCreation {
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/** Holds if `host` is an alias of localhost. */
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bindingset[host]
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predicate isLocalhostPrefix(string host) {
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host.toLowerCase()
@@ -47,15 +29,15 @@ module StaticCreation {
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])
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}
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/** A path that is vulnerable to a MITM attack. */
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/** Holds if `url` is a url that is vulnerable to a MITM attack. */
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bindingset[url]
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predicate isUntrustedSourceUrl(string url) {
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exists(string hostPath | hostPath = url.regexpCapture("(?i)http://(.*)", 1) |
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not isLocalhostPrefix(hostPath)
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)
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}
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/** A path that needs an integrity check - even with https. */
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/** Holds if `url` refers to a CDN that needs an integrity check - even with https. */
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bindingset[url]
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predicate isCdnUrlWithCheckingRequired(string url) {
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// Some CDN URLs are required to have an integrity attribute. We only add CDNs to that list
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}
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/** A script element that refers to untrusted content. */
71-
class ScriptElementWithUntrustedContent extends Generic::AddsUntrustedUrl, HTML::ScriptElement {
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class ScriptElementWithUntrustedContent extends AddsUntrustedUrl instanceof HTML::ScriptElement {
7254
ScriptElementWithUntrustedContent() {
73-
not exists(string digest | not digest = "" | this.getIntegrityDigest() = digest) and
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isUntrustedSourceUrl(this.getSourcePath())
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not exists(string digest | not digest = "" | super.getIntegrityDigest() = digest) and
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isUntrustedSourceUrl(super.getSourcePath())
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}
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7759
override string getProblem() {
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result = "script elements should use an 'https:' URL and/or use the integrity attribute"
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result = "HTML script element loaded using unencrypted connection."
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}
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}
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8264
/** A script element that refers to untrusted content. */
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class CDNScriptElementWithUntrustedContent extends Generic::AddsUntrustedUrl, HTML::ScriptElement {
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class CDNScriptElementWithUntrustedContent extends AddsUntrustedUrl, HTML::ScriptElement {
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CDNScriptElementWithUntrustedContent() {
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not exists(string digest | not digest = "" | this.getIntegrityDigest() = digest) and
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isCdnUrlWithCheckingRequired(this.getSourcePath())
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}
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override string getProblem() {
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result =
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"script elements that depend on this CDN should use an 'https:' URL and use the integrity attribute"
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"Script loaded from content delivery network with no integrity check."
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}
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}
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/** An iframe element that includes untrusted content. */
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class IframeElementWithUntrustedContent extends HTML::IframeElement, Generic::AddsUntrustedUrl {
97-
IframeElementWithUntrustedContent() { isUntrustedSourceUrl(this.getSourcePath()) }
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class IframeElementWithUntrustedContent extends AddsUntrustedUrl instanceof HTML::IframeElement {
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IframeElementWithUntrustedContent() { isUntrustedSourceUrl(super.getSourcePath()) }
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override string getProblem() { result = "iframe elements should use an 'https:' URL" }
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override string getProblem() { result = "HTML iframe element loaded using unencrypted connection." }
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}
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}
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10385
module DynamicCreation {
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import DataFlow::TypeTracker
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/** Holds if `call` creates a tag of kind `name`. */
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predicate isCreateElementNode(DataFlow::CallNode call, string name) {
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call = DataFlow::globalVarRef("document").getAMethodCall("createElement") and
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call.getArgument(0).getStringValue().toLowerCase() = name
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}
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predicate isUnsafeSourceLiteral(DataFlow::Node source) {
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exists(StringLiteral s | source = s.flow() | s.getValue().regexpMatch("(?i)http:.*"))
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/**
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* Holds if `createCall` creates a `<script ../>` element which never
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* has its `integrity` attribute set locally.
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*/
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predicate isCreateScriptNodeWoIntegrityCheck(DataFlow::CallNode createCall) {
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isCreateElementNode(createCall, "script") and
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not exists(createCall.getAPropertyWrite("integrity"))
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}
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110101
DataFlow::Node urlTrackedFromUnsafeSourceLiteral(DataFlow::TypeTracker t) {
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t.start() and isUnsafeSourceLiteral(result)
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t.start() and result.getStringValue().regexpMatch("(?i)http:.*")
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or
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exists(DataFlow::TypeTracker t2, DataFlow::Node prev |
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prev = urlTrackedFromUnsafeSourceLiteral(t2)
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137128
predicate isAssignedToSrcAttribute(string name, DataFlow::Node sink) {
138129
exists(DataFlow::CallNode createElementCall |
139130
name = "script" and
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Generic::isCreateScriptNodeWoIntegrityCheck(createElementCall) and
131+
isCreateScriptNodeWoIntegrityCheck(createElementCall) and
141132
sink = createElementCall.getAPropertyWrite("src").getRhs()
142133
or
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name = "iframe" and
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Generic::isCreateElementNode(createElementCall, "iframe") and
135+
isCreateElementNode(createElementCall, "iframe") and
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sink = createElementCall.getAPropertyWrite("src").getRhs()
146137
)
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}
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class IframeOrScriptSrcAssignment extends Expr, Generic::AddsUntrustedUrl {
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class IframeOrScriptSrcAssignment extends AddsUntrustedUrl {
150141
string name;
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IframeOrScriptSrcAssignment() {
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}
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159150
override string getProblem() {
160-
name = "script" and
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result = "script elements should use an 'https:' URL and/or use the integrity attribute"
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or
163-
name = "iframe" and result = "iframe elements should use an 'https:' URL"
151+
result = "HTML " + name + " element loaded using unencrypted connection."
164152
}
165153
}
166154
}
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168-
from Generic::AddsUntrustedUrl s
169-
select s, "HTML-element uses untrusted content (" + s.getProblem() + ")"
156+
from AddsUntrustedUrl s
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select s, s.getProblem()

‎javascript/ql/src/Security/CWE-830/jquery-http-nocheck.html‎

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<html>
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<head>
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<title>jQuery demo</title>
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<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.slim.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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...
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</body>
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</html>

‎javascript/ql/src/Security/CWE-830/jquery-https-check.html‎

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<html>
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<head>
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<title>jQuery demo</title>
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<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.slim.min.js" integrity="sha256-u7e5khyithlIdTpu22PHhENmPcRdFiHRjhAuHcs05RI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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...
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</body>
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</html>

‎javascript/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-830/FunctionalityFromUntrustedSource.expected‎

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| DynamicCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:18:26:18:50 | 'http:/ ... e.com/' | HTML-element uses untrusted content (iframe elements should use an 'https:' URL) |
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| DynamicCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:29:27:29:40 | getUrl('v123') | HTML-element uses untrusted content (iframe elements should use an 'https:' URL) |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:6:9:6:56 | <script>...</> | HTML-element uses untrusted content (script elements should use an 'https:' URL and/or use the integrity attribute) |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:9:9:9:58 | <iframe>...</> | HTML-element uses untrusted content (iframe elements should use an 'https:' URL) |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:21:9:21:155 | <script>...</> | HTML-element uses untrusted content (script elements that depend on this CDN should use an 'https:' URL and use the integrity attribute) |
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| DynamicCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:18:26:18:50 | 'http:/ ... e.com/' | HTML iframe element loaded using unencrypted connection. |
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| DynamicCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:29:27:29:40 | getUrl('v123') | HTML iframe element loaded using unencrypted connection. |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:6:9:6:56 | <script>...</> | HTML script element loaded using unencrypted connection. |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:9:9:9:58 | <iframe>...</> | HTML iframe element loaded using unencrypted connection. |
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| StaticCreationOfUntrustedSourceUse.html:21:9:21:155 | <script>...</> | Script loaded from content delivery network with no integrity check. |

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