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update lesson 1 plan and homework. add js files for basic SQL operations
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‎Week1/MAKEME.md

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# Homework week 1
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## Draw a database design for a TODO App
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If you want to use software to do this use MySQL workbench or LucidCharts
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(online option) And a tutorial on how to create an Entity-Relation-Diagram
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(ERD) (<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L0CMnDGuLg>). Otherwise pen and paper
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is just fine, but take a picture put it in the homework directory!
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*(Note: It's not important you learn how to use a specific drawing tool but it
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is important you learn how to design a database!)*
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Design a database for an app that keeps track of TODO lists of its users. In
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this app a user can:
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- Create a TODO item with some text in it
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- Add tags to the TODO items, like `homework`, `groceries` etc..
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- Mark a TODO item as done
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**Bonus round:**
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Write a `todo.sql` file and put it in the homework folder where you create the
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database structure from your ERD
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<https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_table.asp>. Make sure you can use the
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`source` command in MySQL to create the database.
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## World database queries!
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Create a database called `world` and `source` the SQL data into the database [databases/world.sql](databases/world.sql).
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*(Remember: first `create` the database, then `use` it, and then `source` the `world.sql` file.)*
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Some SQL refresh tutorial (if needed):
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- <https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_select.asp>
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- <http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sql-tutorial/>
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Answer the following questions using the `world` database and put your answers
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in [homework/world-queries.txt](homework/world-queries.txt). You will have to
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use keywords that we did not see in class: `ORDER BY`, `LIMIT`, `GROUP BY`:
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*(Hint: Use `SHOW tables;` and `DESCRIBE <table>;` to see what the table structure looks like)*
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1. What are the names of all the cities in the Netherlands?
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2. What is the population of Rotterdam ?
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3. What's the name of all the countries on the continent ‘North America’ ?
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4. What's the top 10 countries by SurfaceArea ?
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5. What's the top 10 most populated cities?
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6. Select the top 3 countries by population that their names start with the letter ‘P’
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7. What is the population in Asia?
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8. Which languages are spoken in the Region of ‘South America’
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9. What are the languages spoken on all cities named ‘Barcelona’ (you may need to join 3 tables =) )
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```
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Write a node-JS program to
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1. create a database world
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2. create a table country
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3. create a table city
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4. Insert 10-20 rows in each table with relevant fields.
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Choose the fields/columns such that you should be able to answer the following queries:
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(Queries 6-10 are bonus queries and require the knowledge of joins, group by and having clauses)
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Write a node-JS program to query (using select statements) the world database to answer following questions
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1. What are the names of countries with population greater than 8 million
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2. What are the names of countries that have “land” in their names ?
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3. What are the names of the cities with population in between 500,000 and 1 million ?
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4. What's the name of all the countries on the continent ‘Europe’ ?
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5. List all the countries in the descending order of their surface areas.
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6. What are the names of all the cities in the Netherlands?
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7. What is the population of Rotterdam ?
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8. What's the top 10 countries by Surface Area ?
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9. What's the top 10 most populated cities?
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10. What is the population of the world ?
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```

‎Week1/README.md

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# Lesson 1: Basics of creation, insertion and retrieval of data
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# Lesson 1: Server setup and Basics of creation, insertion and retrieval of data
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Objective : This module aims to incorporate JavaScript code to operate the MySQL database.
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MySQL client can be used to demonstrate SQL queries however, students should know how to
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make a MySQL database connection from JavaScript, run queries from JavaScript and
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capture results of queries in JavaScript.
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## Pre-Class Preparation
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- Install MySQL using the following [official docs](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)
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- MAC users may use `brew install mysql`
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Before arriving to class on Sunday, please watch all of the videos in [this video playlist](https://www.lynda.com/SharedPlaylist/0299ced540444d7197460e7f1f74ddab) on Lynda.
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If you actually manage to watch them all and understand everything,
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then you are a database expert.
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## Setup
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### MySQL setup
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This setup assumes MySQL version 8.0.
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Windows users should use **Microsoft MySQL Command Line** client.
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Linux and MAC users should use **gnome-terminal** and **Terminal** respectively.
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**Microsoft MySQL Command Line** client gives you a **msql>** prompt after typing in your root password.
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Note that this password is the one you used for root user of the mysql.
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Linux and MAC users can execute `mysql -uroot -p` and then type the password.
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Following commands should be run under the **mysql>** prompt:
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```
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mysql> create user ‘hyfuser’@‘localhost’ identified with mysql_native_password by ‘hyfpassword’;
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# This command creates a user 'hyfuser' with password 'hyfpassword' for
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# the database server at 'localhost'
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mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘hyfuser’@‘localhost’;
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# This command gives all permissions to user 'hyfuser'.
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(*.*) means every table of every database.
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mysql> create database userdb;
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This command creates a database 'userdb'
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```
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### Node setup
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This setup assumes that you have Node.js 0.6 or higher.
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We use **mysqljs** driver which can be installed using `npm install mysql`
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### Verification of the correct setup
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Run `node connection-test.js` from VScode(Windows) or the terminal(Linux or MAC).
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The output should be `The solution is: 2`.
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connection-test.js can be found in the Week1 folder.
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In this class, students will be introduced to
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insert values in tables and
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retrieve data from tables using SELECT statements that include FROM, WHERE clauses.
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## Pre-Class Readings
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Before arriving to class on Sunday, please watch all of the videos in [this video playlist](https://www.lynda.com/SharedPlaylist/0299ced540444d7197460e7f1f74ddab) on Lynda.
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- What are databases?
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- Exploring databases and database management systems
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- The features of a relational database
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- Introduction to database modeling
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- Using the basic SELECT statement
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- Creating SQL queries
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- Structuring the WHERE clause
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- Sorting query results
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- Using aggregate functions
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- Joining tables
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## Pre-Class Preparation
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- Install MySQL using the following [official docs](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)
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- MAC users may use `brew install mysql`
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## Main Topics
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## Topics to be covered
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- The relational model of data
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- A 'database' vs. a 'DBMS' (database management system)
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- JOIN (if time permits)
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- Selecting composite data from multiple tables
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- Compare JOIN WHERE with cartesian product
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- Naming Conventions: UpperCamelCase/PascalCase, lowerCamelCase, snake_case, hnHungarianNotation/HNHungarianNotation
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- Character Sets in Databases (hint: always use UTF-8 encoding, called 'utf8mb4' in MySQL)
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### What is a Database ?
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* Definition : Organized collection of data and rules about its manipulation
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* Client-server architecture : E.g. (Relational) DBMS
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* Files as database
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* Data structure/object as database
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```js
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const capitals = [
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"Amsterdam",
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"Delhi",
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"Damascus",
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"Madrid"];
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```
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### Relations = Table
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* What is a relation (in the following sentences)?
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* Delhi is the capital of India
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* Amsterdam is the capital of Netherlands
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* Damascus is the capital of Syria
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Dan, 29, works in Amazon and lives in Seattle. His friend Ben who just celebrated
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his 24th birthday works in Facebook and lives in Redmond.
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-
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### DBMS implementations
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* ** MySQL **
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* PostgreSQL
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* MongoDB (NoSQL)
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* Cassandra (NoSQL)
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### MySQL components
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* MySQL server (runs as a service, default port: 3306)
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* mysql: monitor / terminal / client (to connect to the server and execute stuff)
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* mysqladmin: Administering a MySQL Server
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### Create Table in MySQL
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## Collection of rows and columns
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## SYNTAX
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```
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CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name, column_type [, column2_name, column2_type]);
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```
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* INT(N) type
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* DATE, DATETIME and TIMESTAMP, (set time_zone = '+03:00')
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* BLOB (LOAD_FILE(filename))
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### Fill up the table in MySQL: INSERT rows
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A row (aka record or tuple) represents a single, implicitly structured data item in the table.
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## SYNTAX
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```
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INSERT INTO table_name VALUES(value1, value2 [,value3,...]);
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```
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* INSERT INTO table_name VALUES(...values...)
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* INSERT INTO table_name (column names) VALUES(..values...)
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* INSERT INTO table_name SET column_name = {expr | DEFAULT}
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### See the content : SELECT
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* FROM clause : multiple tables
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* WHERE clause : Multiple conditions(AND, OR, NOT) Operators ( =, <>, BETWEEN, LIKE, IN)
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* Aggregation : SUM, AVG, COUNT
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* Joins : Natural join, inner join, left outer and right outer join
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## Simple SYNTAX for a single table
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```
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SELECT */column_name FROM TABLE
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WHERE condition1 AND/OR
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condition2;
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```
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### INSERT and SELECT together
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```
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INSERT INTO 'employees' ('shop_id', 'gender', 'name', 'salary')
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SELECT 3,
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LEFT(gender, 1),
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CONCAT_WS(' ', first_name, last_name),
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salary
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FROM transferred_ employees
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WHERE transfer_date > '2008-01-01';
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```
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### Uniqueness and Keys
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* Super key : set of columns that uniquely identify a row
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* Candidate key : minimal super key that can uniquely identify a row
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* Primary key : choice of candidate key chosen by database designer : cannot be null
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## Reference Material

‎Week1/create-table.js

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var mysql = require('mysql');
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var connection = mysql.createConnection({
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host : 'localhost',
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user : 'hyfuser',
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password : 'hyfpassword',
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database : 'class17'
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});
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connection.connect();
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var create_query = "create table teachers (teacher_number int, teacher_name varchar(50), date_of_birth date, subject text, gender enum('m', 'f'))"
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connection.query(create_query, function (error, results, fields) {
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if (error) {
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throw error;
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}
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console.log("the reply is ", results[0]);
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});
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connection.end();

‎Week1/insert-values.js

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var mysql = require('mysql');
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var connection = mysql.createConnection({
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host : 'localhost',
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user : 'hyfuser',
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password : 'hyfpassword',
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database : 'class17'
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});
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connection.connect();
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var insert_queries = [
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"insert into students values (103, 'Ahmad', '1986-01-11', 8.3, 'm')",
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"insert into students values (104, 'Rim', '1979-11-01', 8.7, 'f')",
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"insert into students values (105, 'Rabia', '1978-05-30', 8.1, 'f')",
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"insert into students values (106, 'Karam', '1994-02-02', 8.8, 'm')"
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]
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for(var i in insert_queries){
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console.log("Going to run ", insert_queries[i])
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connection.query(insert_queries[i], function (error, results, fields) {
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if (error) {
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throw error;
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}
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console.log("the reply is ", results[0]);
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});
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}
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connection.end();

‎Week1/select-star.js

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var mysql = require('mysql');
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var connection = mysql.createConnection({
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host : 'localhost',
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user : 'hyfuser',
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password : 'hyfpassword',
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database : 'class17'
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});
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connection.connect();
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var select_query = "select * from students"
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console.log("Going to run ", select_query)
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connection.query(select_query, function (error, results, fields) {
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if (error) {
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throw error;
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}
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for (i in results) {
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console.log(results[i]);
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}
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});
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connection.end();

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