diff --git a/.github/workflows/actions.yml b/.github/workflows/actions.yml
index d65867642887..4dd5ab91477a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/actions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/actions.yml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           pip install -r requirements.txt --progress-bar off --upgrade
           if [ "${{ matrix.nnx_enabled }}" == "true" ]; then
-            pip install --upgrade git+https://github.com/google/flax.git
+            pip install --upgrade flax>=0.11.1
           fi
           pip uninstall -y keras keras-nightly
           pip install -e "." --progress-bar off --upgrade
@@ -147,4 +147,4 @@ jobs:
           pip uninstall -y keras keras-nightly
           pip install -e "." --progress-bar off --upgrade
       - name: Run pre-commit
-        run: pre-commit run --all-files --hook-stage manual
+        run: pre-commit run --all-files --hook-stage manual
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tpu-tests-jax.yml b/.github/workflows/tpu-tests-jax.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..543379f9030c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/tpu-tests-jax.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# name: TPU Tests
+
+# on:
+#   push:
+#     branches: [ master ]
+#   pull_request:
+#   release:
+#     types: [created]
+
+# # Only basic permissions are needed now.
+# permissions:
+#   contents: read
+
+# jobs:
+#   test-in-container:
+#     name: Test in Custom Container
+#     runs-on: linux-x86-ct6e-44-1tpu
+
+#     # With the correct IAM policies applied to the runner's underlying service accounts,
+#     # the runner can now pull this private image directly without any in-workflow auth.
+#     container:
+#       image: us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/gtech-rmi-dev/keras-docker-images/keras-jax-tpu-amd64:latest
+#       # Options are still needed for the container to access the host's TPU hardware.
+#       options: --privileged --network host
+
+#     steps:
+#       - name: Checkout Repository
+#         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+#         # This makes your code available inside the container's workspace.
+
+#       - name: Run Verification and Tests
+#         run: |
+#           echo "Successfully running inside the private container from GAR!"
+#           echo "Verifying JAX installation..."
+#           python3 -c "import jax; print(f'JAX backend: {jax.default_backend()}'); print(f'JAX devices: {jax.devices()}')"
+#           pip install grain
+#           pytest keras --ignore keras/src/applications \
+#                       --ignore keras/src/layers/merging/merging_test.py \
+#                       --ignore keras/src/trainers/data_adapters/py_dataset_adapter_test.py \
+#                       --ignore keras/src/backend/jax/distribution_lib_test.py \
+#                       --ignore keras/src/distribution/distribution_lib_test.py \
+#                       --cov=keras \
+#                       --cov-config=pyproject.toml
+
+
+
+name: Keras Tests on TPU Runner using JAX Backend
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+
+# Only basic permissions are needed now.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  test-in-container:
+    name: Run Keras tests on TPU runner using JAX Backend
+    runs-on: linux-x86-ct6e-44-1tpu
+
+    container:
+      # The container image is now set to python:3.10-slim
+      image: python:3.10-slim
+      # Options are still needed for the container to access the host's TPU hardware.
+      options: --privileged --network host
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install System Dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+            git \
+            sudo \
+            && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+      
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: |
+          pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip setuptools && \
+          pip install --no-cache-dir -U psutil && \
+          pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements-jax-tpu.txt && \
+          pip uninstall -y keras keras-nightly
+      
+      - name: Set Keras Backend
+        run: echo "KERAS_BACKEND=jax" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Run Verification and Tests
+        run: |
+          echo "Successfully running inside the public python container!"
+          echo "Verifying JAX installation..."
+          python3 -c "import jax; print(f'JAX backend: {jax.default_backend()}'); print(f'JAX devices: {jax.devices()[0].device_kind}')"
+
+          pytest keras --ignore keras/src/applications \
+                      --ignore keras/src/layers/merging/merging_test.py \
+                      --ignore keras/src/trainers/data_adapters/py_dataset_adapter_test.py \
+                      --ignore keras/src/backend/jax/distribution_lib_test.py \
+                      --ignore keras/src/distribution/distribution_lib_test.py \
+                      --cov=keras \
+                      --cov-config=pyproject.toml
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..324f3798742f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 python:3.10-slim
+
+ENV KERAS_HOME=/github/workspace/.github/workflows/config/jax \
+    KERAS_BACKEND=jax
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    git \
+    sudo \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy the entire codebase into the container
+COPY . /github/workspace
+WORKDIR /github/workspace
+
+# Create and activate venv, install pip/setuptools/psutil, then run tests
+# RUN cd ./keras/src/github/keras && \
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip setuptools && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir -U psutil && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements-jax-tpu.txt && \
+    pip uninstall -y keras keras-nightly
+    # python3 -c 'import jax;print(jax.__version__);print(jax.default_backend())' && \
+    # python3 -c 'import jax;assert jax.default_backend().lower() == "tpu"' && \
+    # pytest keras --ignore keras/src/applications \
+    #              --ignore keras/src/layers/merging/merging_test.py \
+    #              --cov=keras \
+    #              --cov-config=pyproject.toml
+
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
diff --git a/conftest.py b/conftest.py
index 0ade560a1bdf..cdf5af99569b 100644
--- a/conftest.py
+++ b/conftest.py
@@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
 
 
 def skip_if_backend(given_backend, reason):
-    return pytest.mark.skipif(backend() == given_backend, reason=reason)
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(backend() == given_backend, reason=reason)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/common/dtypes_test.py b/keras/src/backend/common/dtypes_test.py
index 7750dcecdd11..97cedf361900 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/common/dtypes_test.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/common/dtypes_test.py
@@ -245,4 +245,4 @@ def test_invalid_float8_dtype(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(
             ValueError, "There is no implicit conversions from float8 dtypes"
         ):
-            dtypes.result_type("float8_e5m2", "bfloat16")
+            dtypes.result_type("float8_e5m2", "bfloat16")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/requirements-common-jax-tpu.txt b/requirements-common-jax-tpu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cd5b52def930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements-common-jax-tpu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+pre-commit
+#namex>=0.0.8
+ruff
+pytest
+#numpy
+scipy
+scikit-learn
+pillow
+pandas
+#absl-py
+#requests
+#h5py
+#ml-dtypes
+#protobuf
+tensorboard-plugin-profile
+#rich
+build
+#optree
+pytest-cov
+#packaging
+# for tree_test.py
+dm_tree
+coverage
+# for onnx_test.py
+onnxruntime
+# TODO(https://github.com/keras-team/keras/issues/21390)
+# > 0.3.1 breaks LSTM model export in torch backend.
+onnxscript<=0.3.1
+openvino
+# for grain_dataset_adapter_test.py
+grain
diff --git a/requirements-common.txt b/requirements-common.txt
index d1f3616ab07a..4e27a80d69ea 100644
--- a/requirements-common.txt
+++ b/requirements-common.txt
@@ -20,12 +20,8 @@ pytest-cov
 packaging
 # for tree_test.py
 dm_tree
-coverage
+coverage!=7.6.5  # 7.6.5 breaks CI
 # for onnx_test.py
 onnxruntime
-# TODO(https://github.com/keras-team/keras/issues/21390)
-# > 0.3.1 breaks LSTM model export in torch backend.
-onnxscript<=0.3.1
 openvino
-# for grain_dataset_adapter_test.py
 grain
diff --git a/requirements-jax-tpu.txt b/requirements-jax-tpu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c572fe82fe83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements-jax-tpu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Tensorflow cpu-only version (needed for testing).
+tensorflow-cpu~=2.18.1
+tf2onnx
+
+# Torch cpu-only version (needed for testing).
+--extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
+torch==2.6.0
+
+# Jax with cuda support.
+--find-links https://storage.googleapis.com/jax-releases/libtpu_releases.html
+jax[tpu]
+flax
+
+-r requirements-common-jax-tpu.txt
diff --git a/requirements-tensorflow-tpu.txt b/requirements-tensorflow-tpu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2bec8f5c2e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements-tensorflow-tpu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#tensorflow==2.18.0
+#--find-links https://storage.googleapis.com/libtpu-tf-releases/index.html
+#tensorflow-tpu==2.18.0
+
+#tf2onnx
+
+# Torch cpu-only version (needed for testing).
+--extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
+torch==2.6.0
+
+# Jax cpu-only version (needed for testing).
+jax
+
+-r requirements-common.txt