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tutorials/colors/colorbar_only.py

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This tutorial shows how to build colorbars without an attached plot.
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"""
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Customized Colorbars
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====================
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###############################################################################
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# Customized Colorbars
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# ====================
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#
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# ColorbarBase derives from ScalarMappable and puts a colorbar in a specified
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# axes, so it has everything needed for a standalone colorbar. It can be used
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# as is to make a colorbar for a given colormap and does not need a mappable
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# object like an image. In this tutorial we will explore what can be done with
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# standalone colorbar.
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#
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# We will start by making a figure of desired size and adding thress axes.
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:class:`~matplotlib.colorbar.ColorbarBase` derives from
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:mod:`~matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable` and puts a colorbar in a specified axes,
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so it has everything needed for a standalone colorbar. It can be used as is to
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make a colorbar for a given colormap and does not need a mappable object like
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an image. In this tutorial we will explore what can be done with standalone
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colorbar.
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We will start by making a figure of desired size and adding three axes.
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"""
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import matplotlib as mpl
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# -------------------------
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#
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# Set the colormap and norm to correspond to the data for which the colorbar
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# will be used. Then create the colorbar by calling `ColorbarBase` and
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# specify axis, colormap, norm and orientation as parameters. Here we create
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# a basic continuous colorbar with ticks and labels. There are many more kwargs
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# which can be used to further modify the colorbar.
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# will be used. Then create the colorbar by calling
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# :class:`~matplotlib.colorbar.ColorbarBase` and specify axis, colormap, norm
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# and orientation as parameters. Here we create a basic continuous colorbar
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# with ticks and labels. More information on colorbar api can be found
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# `here <https://matplotlib.org/api/colorbar_api.html>`.
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cmap = mpl.cm.cool
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norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=5, vmax=10)
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# Discrete intervals colorbar
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# ---------------------------
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#
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# The second example illustrates the use of a ListedColormap which generates a
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# colormap from a set of listed colors, a BoundaryNorm which generates a
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# colormap index based on discrete intervals and extended ends to show the
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# "over" and "under" value colors. Over and under are used to display data
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# outside of the normalized [0,1] range. Here we pass colors as gray shades as
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# a string encoding a float in the 0-1 range.
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# The second example illustrates the use of a
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# :class:`~matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap` which generates a colormap from a
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# set of listed colors, :func:`colors.BoundaryNorm` which generates a colormap
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# index based on discrete intervals and extended ends to show the "over" and
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# "under" value colors. Over and under are used to display data outside of the
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# normalized [0,1] range. Here we pass colors as gray shades as a string
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# encoding a float in the 0-1 range.
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#
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# If a ListedColormap is used, the length of the bounds array must be
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# one greater than the length of the color list. The bounds must be
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# monotonically increasing.
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# If a :class:`~matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap` is used, the length of the
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# bounds array must be one greater than the length of the color list. The
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# bounds must be monotonically increasing.
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#
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# This time we pass some more arguments in addition to previous arguments to
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# ColorBase. For the out-of-range values to display on the colorbar, we have to
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# use the extend keyword argument. To use 'extend', you must specify two extra
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# boundaries. Finally spacing argument ensures that intervals are shown on
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# colorbar proportionally.
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# :class:`~matplotlib.colorbar.ColorbarBase`. For the out-of-range values to
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# display on the colorbar, we have to use the *extend* keyword argument. To use
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# *extend*, you must specify two extra boundaries. Finally spacing argument
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# ensures that intervals are shown on colorbar proportionally.
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cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['r', 'g', 'b', 'c'])
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cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'cyan'])
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cmap.set_over('0.25')
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cmap.set_under('0.75')
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# --------------------------------------
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#
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# Here we illustrate the use of custom length colorbar extensions, used on a
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# colorbar with discrete intervals. Here we pass colors as RGB triplet. To make
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# the length of each extension the same as the length of the interior colors
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# pass the extendfrac argument as auto.
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# colorbar with discrete intervals. To make the length of each extension the
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# same as the length of the interior colors pass the *extendfrac* argument as
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# *auto*.
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cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap([[0., .4, 1.], [0., .8, 1.],
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[1., .8, 0.], [1., .4, 0.]])
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cmap.set_over((1., 0., 0.))
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cmap.set_under((0., 0., 1.))
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cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['royalblue', 'cyan',
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'yellow', 'orange'])
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cmap.set_over('red')
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cmap.set_under('blue')
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bounds = [-1., -.5, 0., .5, 1.]
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bounds = [-1.0, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0]
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norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
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cb3 = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax3, cmap=cmap,
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norm=norm,
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cb3.set_label('Custom extension lengths, some other units')
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plt.tight_layout()
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plt.show()
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plt.show()

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