From b3c04a005cde85c883b2a9fc27e6bfbb30756e0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tim Hoffmann <2836374+timhoffm@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2020 03:29:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Don't import rcParams but rather use mpl.rcParams (part 2)

---
 lib/matplotlib/artist.py                  | 12 ++---
 lib/matplotlib/axis.py                    | 61 ++++++++++++-----------
 lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py           | 34 ++++++-------
 lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py    | 20 ++++----
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py    | 14 +++---
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py   | 23 ++++-----
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py |  8 +--
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py    | 32 ++++++------
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py    | 24 ++++-----
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py     | 50 +++++++++----------
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py    | 15 +++---
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_webagg.py | 12 +++--
 lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py     | 22 ++++----
 13 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/artist.py b/lib/matplotlib/artist.py
index eef6608421db..222da2b5b4bb 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/artist.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/artist.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-import matplotlib
-from . import cbook, docstring, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from . import cbook, docstring
 from .path import Path
 from .transforms import (Bbox, IdentityTransform, Transform, TransformedBbox,
                          TransformedPatchPath, TransformedPath)
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._url = None
         self._gid = None
         self._snap = None
-        self._sketch = rcParams['path.sketch']
-        self._path_effects = rcParams['path.effects']
+        self._sketch = mpl.rcParams['path.sketch']
+        self._path_effects = mpl.rcParams['path.effects']
         self._sticky_edges = _XYPair([], [])
         self._in_layout = True
 
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ def get_snap(self):
 
         See `.set_snap` for details.
         """
-        if rcParams['path.snap']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['path.snap']:
             return self._snap
         else:
             return False
@@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ def kwdoc(artist):
     """
     ai = ArtistInspector(artist)
     return ('\n'.join(ai.pprint_setters_rest(leadingspace=4))
-            if matplotlib.rcParams['docstring.hardcopy'] else
+            if mpl.rcParams['docstring.hardcopy'] else
             'Properties:\n' + '\n'.join(ai.pprint_setters(leadingspace=4)))
 
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axis.py b/lib/matplotlib/axis.py
index fcf13d0ce752..13d6be38870d 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/axis.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/axis.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
 import matplotlib.artist as martist
 import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
 import matplotlib.lines as mlines
@@ -84,11 +84,12 @@ def __init__(self, axes, loc, label=None,
         martist.Artist.__init__(self)
 
         if gridOn is None:
-            if major and (rcParams['axes.grid.which'] in ('both', 'major')):
-                gridOn = rcParams['axes.grid']
-            elif (not major) and (rcParams['axes.grid.which']
+            if major and (mpl.rcParams['axes.grid.which']
+                          in ('both', 'major')):
+                gridOn = mpl.rcParams['axes.grid']
+            elif (not major) and (mpl.rcParams['axes.grid.which']
                                   in ('both', 'minor')):
-                gridOn = rcParams['axes.grid']
+                gridOn = mpl.rcParams['axes.grid']
             else:
                 gridOn = False
 
@@ -102,25 +103,25 @@ def __init__(self, axes, loc, label=None,
         major_minor = "major" if major else "minor"
 
         if size is None:
-            size = rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.size"]
+            size = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.size"]
         self._size = size
 
         if width is None:
-            width = rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.width"]
+            width = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.width"]
         self._width = width
 
         if color is None:
-            color = rcParams[f"{name}.color"]
+            color = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.color"]
 
         if pad is None:
-            pad = rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.pad"]
+            pad = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.{major_minor}.pad"]
         self._base_pad = pad
 
         if labelcolor is None:
-            labelcolor = rcParams[f"{name}.color"]
+            labelcolor = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.color"]
 
         if labelsize is None:
-            labelsize = rcParams[f"{name}.labelsize"]
+            labelsize = mpl.rcParams[f"{name}.labelsize"]
 
         self._set_labelrotation(labelrotation)
 
@@ -132,13 +133,13 @@ def __init__(self, axes, loc, label=None,
         self._zorder = zorder
 
         if grid_color is None:
-            grid_color = rcParams["grid.color"]
+            grid_color = mpl.rcParams["grid.color"]
         if grid_linestyle is None:
-            grid_linestyle = rcParams["grid.linestyle"]
+            grid_linestyle = mpl.rcParams["grid.linestyle"]
         if grid_linewidth is None:
-            grid_linewidth = rcParams["grid.linewidth"]
+            grid_linewidth = mpl.rcParams["grid.linewidth"]
         if grid_alpha is None:
-            grid_alpha = rcParams["grid.alpha"]
+            grid_alpha = mpl.rcParams["grid.alpha"]
         grid_kw = {k[5:]: v for k, v in kw.items()}
 
         self.apply_tickdir(tickdir)
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ def _get_text2_transform(self):
 
     def apply_tickdir(self, tickdir):
         if tickdir is None:
-            tickdir = rcParams['%s.direction' % self.__name__.lower()]
+            tickdir = mpl.rcParams['%s.direction' % self.__name__.lower()]
         self._tickdir = tickdir
 
         if self._tickdir == 'in':
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@ def _get_text2_transform(self):
 
     def apply_tickdir(self, tickdir):
         if tickdir is None:
-            tickdir = rcParams['%s.direction' % self.__name__.lower()]
+            tickdir = mpl.rcParams['%s.direction' % self.__name__.lower()]
         self._tickdir = tickdir
 
         if self._tickdir == 'in':
@@ -689,15 +690,15 @@ def __init__(self, axes, pickradius=15):
 
         self.label = mtext.Text(
             np.nan, np.nan,
-            fontsize=rcParams['axes.labelsize'],
-            fontweight=rcParams['axes.labelweight'],
-            color=rcParams['axes.labelcolor'],
+            fontsize=mpl.rcParams['axes.labelsize'],
+            fontweight=mpl.rcParams['axes.labelweight'],
+            color=mpl.rcParams['axes.labelcolor'],
         )
         self._set_artist_props(self.label)
         self.offsetText = mtext.Text(np.nan, np.nan)
         self._set_artist_props(self.offsetText)
 
-        self.labelpad = rcParams['axes.labelpad']
+        self.labelpad = mpl.rcParams['axes.labelpad']
 
         self.pickradius = pickradius
 
@@ -778,10 +779,12 @@ def cla(self):
         self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
 
         # whether the grids are on
-        self._gridOnMajor = (rcParams['axes.grid'] and
-                             rcParams['axes.grid.which'] in ('both', 'major'))
-        self._gridOnMinor = (rcParams['axes.grid'] and
-                             rcParams['axes.grid.which'] in ('both', 'minor'))
+        self._gridOnMajor = (
+                mpl.rcParams['axes.grid'] and
+                mpl.rcParams['axes.grid.which'] in ('both', 'major'))
+        self._gridOnMinor = (
+                mpl.rcParams['axes.grid'] and
+                mpl.rcParams['axes.grid.which'] in ('both', 'minor'))
 
         self.reset_ticks()
 
@@ -1842,8 +1845,8 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             verticalalignment='top', horizontalalignment='right',
             transform=mtransforms.blended_transform_factory(
                 self.axes.transAxes, mtransforms.IdentityTransform()),
-            fontsize=rcParams['xtick.labelsize'],
-            color=rcParams['xtick.color'],
+            fontsize=mpl.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'],
+            color=mpl.rcParams['xtick.color'],
         )
         self.offset_text_position = 'bottom'
 
@@ -2135,8 +2138,8 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             verticalalignment='baseline', horizontalalignment='left',
             transform=mtransforms.blended_transform_factory(
                 self.axes.transAxes, mtransforms.IdentityTransform()),
-            fontsize=rcParams['ytick.labelsize'],
-            color=rcParams['ytick.color'],
+            fontsize=mpl.rcParams['ytick.labelsize'],
+            color=mpl.rcParams['ytick.color'],
         )
         self.offset_text_position = 'left'
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py b/lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py
index 19f7e088d6d7..114d75231c2f 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
 
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class ToolQuit(ToolBase):
     """Tool to call the figure manager destroy method"""
 
     description = 'Quit the figure'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.quit']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.quit']
 
     def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None):
         Gcf.destroy_fig(self.figure)
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class ToolQuitAll(ToolBase):
     """Tool to call the figure manager destroy method"""
 
     description = 'Quit all figures'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.quit_all']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.quit_all']
 
     def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None):
         Gcf.destroy_all()
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class ToolEnableAllNavigation(ToolBase):
     """Tool to enable all axes for toolmanager interaction"""
 
     description = 'Enable all axes toolmanager'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.all_axes']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.all_axes']
 
     def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None):
         if event.inaxes is None:
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class ToolGrid(_ToolGridBase):
     """Tool to toggle the major grids of the figure"""
 
     description = 'Toggle major grids'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.grid']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.grid']
 
     def _get_next_grid_states(self, ax):
         if None in map(self._get_uniform_grid_state,
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ class ToolMinorGrid(_ToolGridBase):
     """Tool to toggle the major and minor grids of the figure"""
 
     description = 'Toggle major and minor grids'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.grid_minor']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.grid_minor']
 
     def _get_next_grid_states(self, ax):
         if None in map(self._get_uniform_grid_state,
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ class ToolFullScreen(ToolToggleBase):
     """Tool to toggle full screen"""
 
     description = 'Toggle fullscreen mode'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.fullscreen']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.fullscreen']
 
     def enable(self, event):
         self.figure.canvas.manager.full_screen_toggle()
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ class ToolYScale(AxisScaleBase):
     """Tool to toggle between linear and logarithmic scales on the Y axis"""
 
     description = 'Toggle scale Y axis'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.yscale']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.yscale']
 
     def set_scale(self, ax, scale):
         ax.set_yscale(scale)
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ class ToolXScale(AxisScaleBase):
     """Tool to toggle between linear and logarithmic scales on the X axis"""
 
     description = 'Toggle scale X axis'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.xscale']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.xscale']
 
     def set_scale(self, ax, scale):
         ax.set_xscale(scale)
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ class ToolHome(ViewsPositionsBase):
 
     description = 'Reset original view'
     image = 'home'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.home']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.home']
     _on_trigger = 'home'
 
 
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ class ToolBack(ViewsPositionsBase):
 
     description = 'Back to previous view'
     image = 'back'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.back']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.back']
     _on_trigger = 'back'
 
 
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ class ToolForward(ViewsPositionsBase):
 
     description = 'Forward to next view'
     image = 'forward'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.forward']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.forward']
     _on_trigger = 'forward'
 
 
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ class SaveFigureBase(ToolBase):
 
     description = 'Save the figure'
     image = 'filesave'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.save']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.save']
 
 
 class ZoomPanBase(ToolToggleBase):
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ class ToolZoom(ZoomPanBase):
 
     description = 'Zoom to rectangle'
     image = 'zoom_to_rect'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.zoom']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.zoom']
     cursor = cursors.SELECT_REGION
     radio_group = 'default'
 
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ def _release(self, event):
 class ToolPan(ZoomPanBase):
     """Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right"""
 
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.pan']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.pan']
     description = 'Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right'
     image = 'move'
     cursor = cursors.MOVE
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ def _mouse_move(self, event):
 
 class ToolHelpBase(ToolBase):
     description = 'Print tool list, shortcuts and description'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.help']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.help']
     image = 'help.png'
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ class ToolCopyToClipboardBase(ToolBase):
     """Tool to copy the figure to the clipboard"""
 
     description = 'Copy the canvas figure to clipboard'
-    default_keymap = rcParams['keymap.copy']
+    default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.copy']
 
     def trigger(self, *args, **kwargs):
         message = "Copy tool is not available"
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py
index b9df92ec6402..6556d104f382 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-import matplotlib
-from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, NavigationToolbar2,
     StatusbarBase, TimerBase, ToolContainerBase, cursors)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def _restore_foreground_window_at_end():
         try:
             yield
         finally:
-            if rcParams['tk.window_focus']:
+            if mpl.rcParams['tk.window_focus']:
                 Win32_SetForegroundWindow(foreground)
 
 
@@ -430,16 +430,16 @@ def __init__(self, canvas, num, window):
         self._shown = False
 
     def _get_toolbar(self):
-        if matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
             toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self.window)
-        elif matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        elif mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolbar = ToolbarTk(self.toolmanager, self.window)
         else:
             toolbar = None
         return toolbar
 
     def _get_toolmanager(self):
-        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolmanager = ToolManager(self.canvas.figure)
         else:
             toolmanager = None
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ def destroy(*args):
                 self.window.deiconify()
             else:
                 self.canvas.draw_idle()
-            if matplotlib.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
+            if mpl.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
                 self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 1)
                 self.canvas.manager.window.attributes('-topmost', 0)
             self._shown = True
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ def save_figure(self, *args):
         # work - JDH!
         #defaultextension = self.canvas.get_default_filetype()
         defaultextension = ''
-        initialdir = os.path.expanduser(rcParams['savefig.directory'])
+        initialdir = os.path.expanduser(mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory'])
         initialfile = self.canvas.get_default_filename()
         fname = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
             master=self.canvas.get_tk_widget().master,
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ def save_figure(self, *args):
             return
         # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (i.e., use cwd).
         if initialdir != "":
-            rcParams['savefig.directory'] = (
+            mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory'] = (
                 os.path.dirname(str(fname)))
         try:
             # This method will handle the delegation to the correct type
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ def new_figure_manager_given_figure(cls, num, figure):
 
             canvas = cls.FigureCanvas(figure, master=window)
             manager = cls.FigureManager(canvas, num, window)
-            if matplotlib.is_interactive():
+            if mpl.is_interactive():
                 manager.show()
                 canvas.draw_idle()
             return manager
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
index 48ecd20939a7..b6cae5b80732 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@
 from PIL import Image
 from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
 
-from matplotlib import cbook, rcParams, __version__
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.font_manager import findfont, get_font
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ def get_hinting_flag():
         'auto': LOAD_FORCE_AUTOHINT,
         'none': LOAD_NO_HINTING
         }
-    return mapping[rcParams['text.hinting']]
+    return mapping[mpl.rcParams['text.hinting']]
 
 
 class RendererAgg(RendererBase):
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ def tostring_rgba_minimized(self):
 
     def draw_path(self, gc, path, transform, rgbFace=None):
         # docstring inherited
-        nmax = rcParams['agg.path.chunksize']  # here at least for testing
+        nmax = mpl.rcParams['agg.path.chunksize']  # here at least for testing
         npts = path.vertices.shape[0]
 
         if (npts > nmax > 100 and path.should_simplify and
@@ -177,7 +178,8 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
         # We pass '0' for angle here, since it will be rotated (in raster
         # space) in the following call to draw_text_image).
         font.set_text(s, 0, flags=flags)
-        font.draw_glyphs_to_bitmap(antialiased=rcParams['text.antialiased'])
+        font.draw_glyphs_to_bitmap(
+            antialiased=mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
         d = font.get_descent() / 64.0
         # The descent needs to be adjusted for the angle.
         xo, yo = font.get_bitmap_offset()
@@ -483,7 +485,7 @@ def print_png(self, filename_or_obj, *args,
             pil_kwargs = {}
         metadata = {
             "Software":
-                f"matplotlib version{__version__}, http://matplotlib.org/",
+                f"matplotlib version{mpl.__version__}, http://matplotlib.org/",
             **metadata,
         }
         FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
@@ -552,7 +554,7 @@ def print_jpg(self, filename_or_obj, *args, dryrun=False, pil_kwargs=None,
         for k in ["quality", "optimize", "progressive"]:
             if k in kwargs:
                 pil_kwargs.setdefault(k, kwargs[k])
-        pil_kwargs.setdefault("quality", rcParams["savefig.jpeg_quality"])
+        pil_kwargs.setdefault("quality", mpl.rcParams["savefig.jpeg_quality"])
         pil_kwargs.setdefault("dpi", (self.figure.dpi, self.figure.dpi))
         return background.save(
             filename_or_obj, format='jpeg', **pil_kwargs)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py
index 7fd0a3fe4d0b..8cbe35e8001d 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 
-import matplotlib
-from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import backend_tools, cbook
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, NavigationToolbar2,
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def destroy(*args):
             Gcf.destroy(num)
         self.window.connect("destroy", destroy)
         self.window.connect("delete_event", destroy)
-        if matplotlib.is_interactive():
+        if mpl.is_interactive():
             self.window.show()
             self.canvas.draw_idle()
 
@@ -384,8 +384,7 @@ def destroy(self, *args):
         if self.toolbar:
             self.toolbar.destroy()
 
-        if (Gcf.get_num_fig_managers() == 0 and
-                not matplotlib.is_interactive() and
+        if (Gcf.get_num_fig_managers() == 0 and not mpl.is_interactive() and
                 Gtk.main_level() >= 1):
             Gtk.main_quit()
 
@@ -393,7 +392,7 @@ def show(self):
         # show the figure window
         self.window.show()
         self.canvas.draw()
-        if matplotlib.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
             self.window.present()
 
     def full_screen_toggle(self):
@@ -407,9 +406,9 @@ def full_screen_toggle(self):
     def _get_toolbar(self):
         # must be inited after the window, drawingArea and figure
         # attrs are set
-        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
             toolbar = NavigationToolbar2GTK3(self.canvas, self.window)
-        elif rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        elif mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolbar = ToolbarGTK3(self.toolmanager)
         else:
             toolbar = None
@@ -417,7 +416,7 @@ def _get_toolbar(self):
 
     def _get_toolmanager(self):
         # must be initialised after toolbar has been set
-        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolmanager = ToolManager(self.canvas.figure)
         else:
             toolmanager = None
@@ -547,7 +546,7 @@ def on_notify_filter(*args):
             dialog.set_current_name(
                 str(Path(dialog.get_current_name()).with_suffix("." + fmt)))
 
-        dialog.set_current_folder(rcParams["savefig.directory"])
+        dialog.set_current_folder(mpl.rcParams["savefig.directory"])
         dialog.set_current_name(self.canvas.get_default_filename())
         dialog.set_do_overwrite_confirmation(True)
 
@@ -559,8 +558,8 @@ def on_notify_filter(*args):
         if response == Gtk.ResponseType.CANCEL:
             return
         # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (which means use cwd).
-        if rcParams['savefig.directory']:
-            rcParams['savefig.directory'] = os.path.dirname(fname)
+        if mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory']:
+            mpl.rcParams['savefig.directory'] = os.path.dirname(fname)
         try:
             self.canvas.figure.savefig(fname, format=fmt)
         except Exception as e:
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py
index b8b66bfd08f5..31bf8a4cb947 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import matplotlib
-from matplotlib import cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from matplotlib.backends import _macosx
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_agg import FigureCanvasAgg
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ def __init__(self, canvas, num):
         FigureManagerBase.__init__(self, canvas, num)
         title = "Figure %d" % num
         _macosx.FigureManager.__init__(self, canvas, title)
-        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
             self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Mac(canvas)
         else:
             self.toolbar = None
         if self.toolbar is not None:
             self.toolbar.update()
 
-        if matplotlib.is_interactive():
+        if mpl.is_interactive():
             self.show()
             self.canvas.draw_idle()
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
index 2d20145c38fb..61c33f9f5c50 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 
-from matplotlib import _text_layout, cbook, __version__, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _text_layout, cbook
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
@@ -376,8 +377,9 @@ def __init__(self, id, len, file, extra=None, png=None):
                                'DecodeParms': png})
 
         self.pdfFile.recordXref(self.id)
-        if rcParams['pdf.compression'] and not png:
-            self.compressobj = zlib.compressobj(rcParams['pdf.compression'])
+        if mpl.rcParams['pdf.compression'] and not png:
+            self.compressobj = zlib.compressobj(
+                mpl.rcParams['pdf.compression'])
         if self.len is None:
             self.file = BytesIO()
         else:
@@ -389,7 +391,7 @@ def _writeHeader(self):
         write(b"%d 0 obj\n" % self.id)
         dict = self.extra
         dict['Length'] = self.len
-        if rcParams['pdf.compression']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['pdf.compression']:
             dict['Filter'] = Name('FlateDecode')
 
         write(pdfRepr(dict))
@@ -499,8 +501,8 @@ def __init__(self, filename, metadata=None):
             source_date = datetime.today()
 
         self.infoDict = {
-            'Creator': 'matplotlib %s, http://matplotlib.org' % __version__,
-            'Producer': 'matplotlib pdf backend %s' % __version__,
+            'Creator': f'matplotlib {mpl.__version__}, http://matplotlib.org',
+            'Producer': f'matplotlib pdf backend {mpl.__version__}',
             'CreationDate': source_date
         }
         if metadata is not None:
@@ -665,7 +667,7 @@ def fontName(self, fontprop):
 
         if isinstance(fontprop, str):
             filename = fontprop
-        elif rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts']:
+        elif mpl.rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts']:
             filename = findfont(
                 fontprop, fontext='afm', directory=RendererPdf._afm_font_dir)
         else:
@@ -899,7 +901,7 @@ def embedTTF(self, filename, characters):
         """Embed the TTF font from the named file into the document."""
 
         font = get_font(filename)
-        fonttype = rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
+        fonttype = mpl.rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
 
         def cvt(length, upe=font.units_per_EM, nearest=True):
             """Convert font coordinates to PDF glyph coordinates."""
@@ -1323,7 +1325,7 @@ def writeHatches(self):
                             0, 0, sidelen, sidelen, Op.rectangle,
                             Op.fill)
 
-            self.output(rcParams['hatch.linewidth'], Op.setlinewidth)
+            self.output(mpl.rcParams['hatch.linewidth'], Op.setlinewidth)
 
             self.output(*self.pathOperations(
                 Path.hatch(path),
@@ -1474,7 +1476,7 @@ def _writeImg(self, data, id, smask=None):
                'BitsPerComponent': 8}
         if smask:
             obj['SMask'] = smask
-        if rcParams['pdf.compression']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['pdf.compression']:
             png = {'Predictor': 10, 'Colors': colors, 'Columns': width}
         else:
             png = None
@@ -1930,7 +1932,7 @@ def draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
         # When using Type 3 fonts, we can't use character codes higher
         # than 255, so we use the "Do" command to render those
         # instead.
-        global_fonttype = rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
+        global_fonttype = mpl.rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
 
         # Set up a global transformation matrix for the whole math expression
         a = math.radians(angle)
@@ -2083,13 +2085,13 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
 
         fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points()
 
-        if rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts']:
             font = self._get_font_afm(prop)
             fonttype = 1
         else:
             font = self._get_font_ttf(prop)
             self.file._character_tracker.track(font, s)
-            fonttype = rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
+            fonttype = mpl.rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
             # We can't subset all OpenType fonts, so switch to Type 42
             # in that case.
             if is_opentype_cff_font(font.fname):
@@ -2248,7 +2250,7 @@ def hatch_cmd(self, hatch, hatch_color):
                     name, Op.setcolor_nonstroke]
 
     def rgb_cmd(self, rgb):
-        if rcParams['pdf.inheritcolor']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['pdf.inheritcolor']:
             return []
         if rgb[0] == rgb[1] == rgb[2]:
             return [rgb[0], Op.setgray_stroke]
@@ -2256,7 +2258,7 @@ def rgb_cmd(self, rgb):
             return [*rgb[:3], Op.setrgb_stroke]
 
     def fillcolor_cmd(self, rgb):
-        if rgb is None or rcParams['pdf.inheritcolor']:
+        if rgb is None or mpl.rcParams['pdf.inheritcolor']:
             return []
         elif rgb[0] == rgb[1] == rgb[2]:
             return [rgb[0], Op.setgray_nonstroke]
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py
index 773246bb3ba7..4c38522277cc 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pgf.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from PIL import Image
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import cbook, font_manager as fm, __version__, rcParams
+from matplotlib import cbook, font_manager as fm
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
     RendererBase)
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
 def get_fontspec():
     """Build fontspec preamble from rc."""
     latex_fontspec = []
-    texcommand = rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
+    texcommand = mpl.rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
 
     if texcommand != "pdflatex":
         latex_fontspec.append("\\usepackage{fontspec}")
 
-    if texcommand != "pdflatex" and rcParams["pgf.rcfonts"]:
+    if texcommand != "pdflatex" and mpl.rcParams["pgf.rcfonts"]:
         families = ["serif", "sans\\-serif", "monospace"]
         commands = ["setmainfont", "setsansfont", "setmonofont"]
         for family, command in zip(families, commands):
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def get_fontspec():
 
 def get_preamble():
     """Get LaTeX preamble from rc."""
-    return rcParams["pgf.preamble"]
+    return mpl.rcParams["pgf.preamble"]
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def _font_properties_str(prop):
     if family in families:
         commands.append(families[family])
     elif (any(font.name == family for font in fm.fontManager.ttflist)
-          and rcParams["pgf.texsystem"] != "pdflatex"):
+          and mpl.rcParams["pgf.texsystem"] != "pdflatex"):
         commands.append(r"\setmainfont{%s}\rmfamily" % family)
     else:
         pass  # print warning?
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def _build_latex_header():
             r"\documentclass{minimal}",
             # Include TeX program name as a comment for cache invalidation.
             # TeX does not allow this to be the first line.
-            r"% !TeX program = {}".format(rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]),
+            rf"% !TeX program = {mpl.rcParams['pgf.texsystem']}",
             # Test whether \includegraphics supports interpolate option.
             r"\usepackage{graphicx}",
             latex_preamble,
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         LatexManager._unclean_instances.add(self)
 
         # test the LaTeX setup to ensure a clean startup of the subprocess
-        self.texcommand = rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
+        self.texcommand = mpl.rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
         self.latex_header = LatexManager._build_latex_header()
         latex_end = "\n\\makeatletter\n\\@@end\n"
         try:
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ def option_scale_image(self):
 
     def option_image_nocomposite(self):
         # docstring inherited
-        return not rcParams['image.composite_image']
+        return not mpl.rcParams['image.composite_image']
 
     def draw_image(self, gc, x, y, im, transform=None):
         # docstring inherited
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ def _print_pdf_to_fh(self, fh, *args, **kwargs):
 \\end{document}""" % (w, h, latex_preamble, latex_fontspec)
             pathlib.Path(fname_tex).write_text(latexcode, encoding="utf-8")
 
-            texcommand = rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
+            texcommand = mpl.rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
             cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
                 [texcommand, "-interaction=nonstopmode", "-halt-on-error",
                  "figure.tex"], _log, cwd=tmpdir)
@@ -1036,8 +1036,8 @@ def _write_header(self, width_inches, height_inches):
             'producer', 'trapped'
         }
         infoDict = {
-            'creator': 'matplotlib %s, https://matplotlib.org' % __version__,
-            'producer': 'matplotlib pgf backend %s' % __version__,
+            'creator': f'matplotlib {mpl.__version__}, https://matplotlib.org',
+            'producer': f'matplotlib pgf backend {mpl.__version__}',
         }
         metadata = {k.lower(): v for k, v in self.metadata.items()}
         infoDict.update(metadata)
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ def close(self):
             open(self._outputfile, 'wb').close()
 
     def _run_latex(self):
-        texcommand = rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
+        texcommand = mpl.rcParams["pgf.texsystem"]
         cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
             [texcommand, "-interaction=nonstopmode", "-halt-on-error",
              os.path.basename(self._fname_tex)],
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
index 38fe1c189dbc..e1ef94010c06 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import cbook, _path, __version__, rcParams
+from matplotlib import cbook, _path
 from matplotlib import _text_layout
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def __init__(self, width, height, pswriter, imagedpi=72):
         # and them scale them before embedding them.
         super().__init__(width, height)
         self._pswriter = pswriter
-        if rcParams['text.usetex']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['text.usetex']:
             self.textcnt = 0
             self.psfrag = []
         self.imagedpi = imagedpi
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def set_linedash(self, offset, seq, store=True):
             self.linedash = (offset, seq)
 
     def set_font(self, fontname, fontsize, store=True):
-        if rcParams['ps.useafm']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['ps.useafm']:
             return
         if (fontname, fontsize) != (self.fontname, self.fontsize):
             out = ("/%s findfont\n"
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ def create_hatch(self, hatch):
         if hatch in self._hatches:
             return self._hatches[hatch]
         name = 'H%d' % len(self._hatches)
-        linewidth = rcParams['hatch.linewidth']
+        linewidth = mpl.rcParams['hatch.linewidth']
         pageheight = self.height * 72
         self._pswriter.write(f"""\
   << /PatternType 1
@@ -472,12 +472,12 @@ def draw_tex(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath='TeX!', mtext=None):
         color = '%1.3f,%1.3f,%1.3f' % gc.get_rgb()[:3]
         fontcmd = {'sans-serif': r'{\sffamily %s}',
                    'monospace': r'{\ttfamily %s}'}.get(
-                       rcParams['font.family'][0], r'{\rmfamily %s}')
+                       mpl.rcParams['font.family'][0], r'{\rmfamily %s}')
         s = fontcmd % s
         tex = r'\color[rgb]{%s} %s' % (color, s)
 
         corr = 0  # w/2*(fontsize-10)/10
-        if rcParams['text.latex.preview']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['text.latex.preview']:
             # use baseline alignment!
             pos = _nums_to_str(x-corr, y)
             self.psfrag.append(
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
         elif ismath:
             return self.draw_mathtext(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
 
-        elif rcParams['ps.useafm']:
+        elif mpl.rcParams['ps.useafm']:
             self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
 
             font = self._get_font_afm(prop)
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ def _print_ps(self, outfile, format, *args,
                   orientation='portrait',
                   **kwargs):
         if papertype is None:
-            papertype = rcParams['ps.papersize']
+            papertype = mpl.rcParams['ps.papersize']
         papertype = papertype.lower()
         cbook._check_in_list(['auto', *papersize], papertype=papertype)
 
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ def _print_ps(self, outfile, format, *args,
         self.figure.set_dpi(72)  # Override the dpi kwarg
 
         printer = (self._print_figure_tex
-                   if rcParams['text.usetex'] else
+                   if mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] else
                    self._print_figure)
         printer(outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor,
                 orientation, papertype, **kwargs)
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ def _print_figure(
         paper_width, paper_height = orientation.swap_if_landscape(
             papersize[papertype])
 
-        if rcParams['ps.usedistiller']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller']:
             # distillers improperly clip eps files if pagesize is too small
             if width > paper_width or height > paper_height:
                 papertype = _get_papertype(
@@ -881,8 +881,8 @@ def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata:
             creator_str = metadata['Creator']
         else:
-            creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \
-                ", http://matplotlib.org/"
+            creator_str = \
+                f"matplotlib version {mpl.__version__}, http://matplotlib.org/"
 
         def print_figure_impl(fh):
             # write the PostScript headers
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ def print_figure_impl(fh):
 
             Ndict = len(psDefs)
             print("%%BeginProlog", file=fh)
-            if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
+            if not mpl.rcParams['ps.useafm']:
                 Ndict += len(ps_renderer._character_tracker.used)
             print("/mpldict %d dict def" % Ndict, file=fh)
             print("mpldict begin", file=fh)
@@ -920,14 +920,14 @@ def print_figure_impl(fh):
                 d = d.strip()
                 for l in d.split('\n'):
                     print(l.strip(), file=fh)
-            if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
+            if not mpl.rcParams['ps.useafm']:
                 for font_path, chars \
                         in ps_renderer._character_tracker.used.items():
                     if not chars:
                         continue
                     font = get_font(font_path)
                     glyph_ids = [font.get_char_index(c) for c in chars]
-                    fonttype = rcParams['ps.fonttype']
+                    fonttype = mpl.rcParams['ps.fonttype']
                     # Can't use more than 255 chars from a single Type 3 font.
                     if len(glyph_ids) > 255:
                         fonttype = 42
@@ -973,16 +973,16 @@ def print_figure_impl(fh):
                 print("%%EOF", file=fh)
             fh.flush()
 
-        if rcParams['ps.usedistiller']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller']:
             # We are going to use an external program to process the output.
             # Write to a temporary file.
             with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
                 tmpfile = os.path.join(tmpdir, "tmp.ps")
                 with open(tmpfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh:
                     print_figure_impl(fh)
-                if rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript':
+                if mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript':
                     gs_distill(tmpfile, is_eps, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox)
-                elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
+                elif mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
                     xpdf_distill(tmpfile, is_eps, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox)
                 _move_path_to_path_or_stream(tmpfile, outfile)
 
@@ -1072,8 +1072,8 @@ def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata:
             creator_str = metadata['Creator']
         else:
-            creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \
-                ", http://matplotlib.org/"
+            creator_str = \
+                f"matplotlib version {mpl.__version__}, http://matplotlib.org/"
 
         # write to a temp file, we'll move it to outfile when done
 
@@ -1139,11 +1139,11 @@ def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
                                              paper_height,
                                              orientation.name)
 
-            if (rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript'
-                    or rcParams['text.usetex']):
+            if (mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript'
+                    or mpl.rcParams['text.usetex']):
                 gs_distill(tmpfile, is_eps, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox,
                            rotated=psfrag_rotated)
-            elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
+            elif mpl.rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
                 xpdf_distill(tmpfile, is_eps, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox,
                              rotated=psfrag_rotated)
 
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ def convert_psfrags(tmpfile, psfrags, font_preamble, custom_preamble,
     """
     with mpl.rc_context({
             "text.latex.preamble":
-            rcParams["text.latex.preamble"] +
+            mpl.rcParams["text.latex.preamble"] +
             r"\usepackage{psfrag,color}"
             r"\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}"
             r"\PassOptionsToPackage{dvips}{geometry}"}):
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ def gs_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False):
         paper_option = "-sPAPERSIZE=%s" % ptype
 
     psfile = tmpfile + '.ps'
-    dpi = rcParams['ps.distiller.res']
+    dpi = mpl.rcParams['ps.distiller.res']
 
     cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
         [mpl._get_executable_info("gs").executable,
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py
index eaa0f9e0c58b..30930c4d702e 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_svg.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 
-from matplotlib import cbook, __version__, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
      _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, RendererBase)
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
 
 _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-backend_version = __version__
+backend_version = mpl.__version__
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # SimpleXMLWriter class
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ def _write_default_style(self):
         writer.end('defs')
 
     def _make_id(self, type, content):
-        salt = rcParams['svg.hashsalt']
+        salt = mpl.rcParams['svg.hashsalt']
         if salt is None:
             salt = str(uuid.uuid4())
         m = hashlib.md5()
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ def _write_hatches(self):
                 style=generate_css({
                     'fill': rgb2hex(stroke),
                     'stroke': rgb2hex(stroke),
-                    'stroke-width': str(rcParams['hatch.linewidth']),
+                    'stroke-width': str(mpl.rcParams['hatch.linewidth']),
                     'stroke-linecap': 'butt',
                     'stroke-linejoin': 'miter'
                     })
@@ -513,7 +514,7 @@ def close_group(self, s):
 
     def option_image_nocomposite(self):
         # docstring inherited
-        return not rcParams['image.composite_image']
+        return not mpl.rcParams['image.composite_image']
 
     def _convert_path(self, path, transform=None, clip=None, simplify=None,
                       sketch=None):
@@ -823,7 +824,7 @@ def draw_image(self, gc, x, y, im, transform=None):
         url = gc.get_url()
         if url is not None:
             self.writer.start('a', attrib={'xlink:href': url})
-        if rcParams['svg.image_inline']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['svg.image_inline']:
             buf = BytesIO()
             Image.fromarray(im).save(buf, format="png")
             oid = oid or self._make_id('image', buf.getvalue())
@@ -1154,7 +1155,7 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
         if gc.get_url() is not None:
             self.writer.start('a', {'xlink:href': gc.get_url()})
 
-        if rcParams['svg.fonttype'] == 'path':
+        if mpl.rcParams['svg.fonttype'] == 'path':
             self._draw_text_as_path(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath, mtext)
         else:
             self._draw_text_as_text(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath, mtext)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_webagg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_webagg.py
index c0f5cb9d01a1..545d7ff9098e 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_webagg.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_webagg.py
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
 import tornado.ioloop
 import tornado.websocket
 
-from matplotlib import cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import cbook
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import _Backend
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from . import backend_webagg_core as core
@@ -217,11 +218,12 @@ def random_ports(port, n):
                 yield port + random.randint(-2 * n, 2 * n)
 
         if address is None:
-            cls.address = rcParams['webagg.address']
+            cls.address = mpl.rcParams['webagg.address']
         else:
             cls.address = address
-        cls.port = rcParams['webagg.port']
-        for port in random_ports(cls.port, rcParams['webagg.port_retries']):
+        cls.port = mpl.rcParams['webagg.port']
+        for port in random_ports(cls.port,
+                                 mpl.rcParams['webagg.port_retries']):
             try:
                 app.listen(port, cls.address)
             except socket.error as e:
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ def show():
             port=WebAggApplication.port,
             prefix=WebAggApplication.url_prefix)
 
-        if rcParams['webagg.open_in_browser']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['webagg.open_in_browser']:
             import webbrowser
             if not webbrowser.open(url):
                 print("To view figure, visit {0}".format(url))
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py
index 088789985944..d23961099740 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_wx.py
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 import sys
 import weakref
 
-import matplotlib
+import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
     MouseButton, NavigationToolbar2, RendererBase, StatusbarBase, TimerBase,
     ToolContainerBase, cursors)
 
-from matplotlib import cbook, rcParams, backend_tools
+from matplotlib import cbook, backend_tools
 from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
 from matplotlib.backend_managers import ToolManager
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ def _print_image(self, filename, filetype, *args, **kwargs):
         # and set the quality.
         if filetype == wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG:
             jpeg_quality = kwargs.get('quality',
-                                      rcParams['savefig.jpeg_quality'])
+                                      mpl.rcParams['savefig.jpeg_quality'])
             image = self.bitmap.ConvertToImage()
             image.SetOption(wx.IMAGE_OPTION_QUALITY, str(jpeg_quality))
 
@@ -981,16 +981,16 @@ def statusbar(self):
         return self.GetStatusBar()
 
     def _get_toolbar(self):
-        if rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolbar2':
             toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Wx(self.canvas)
-        elif matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        elif mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolbar = ToolbarWx(self.toolmanager, self)
         else:
             toolbar = None
         return toolbar
 
     def _get_toolmanager(self):
-        if matplotlib.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
+        if mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] == 'toolmanager':
             toolmanager = ToolManager(self.canvas.figure)
         else:
             toolmanager = None
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ def __init__(self, canvas, num, frame):
     def show(self):
         self.frame.Show()
         self.canvas.draw()
-        if matplotlib.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['figure.raise_window']:
             self.frame.Raise()
 
     def destroy(self, *args):
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ def save_figure(self, *args):
         default_file = self.canvas.get_default_filename()
         dlg = wx.FileDialog(
             self.canvas.GetParent(), "Save to file",
-            rcParams["savefig.directory"], default_file, filetypes,
+            mpl.rcParams["savefig.directory"], default_file, filetypes,
             wx.FD_SAVE | wx.FD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT)
         dlg.SetFilterIndex(filter_index)
         if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
@@ -1209,8 +1209,8 @@ def save_figure(self, *args):
                              ext, fmt, ext)
                 fmt = ext
             # Save dir for next time, unless empty str (which means use cwd).
-            if rcParams["savefig.directory"]:
-                rcParams["savefig.directory"] = str(path.parent)
+            if mpl.rcParams["savefig.directory"]:
+                mpl.rcParams["savefig.directory"] = str(path.parent)
             try:
                 self.canvas.figure.savefig(str(path), format=fmt)
             except Exception as e:
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ def new_figure_manager(cls, num, *args, **kwargs):
     def new_figure_manager_given_figure(cls, num, figure):
         frame = cls._frame_class(num, figure)
         figmgr = frame.get_figure_manager()
-        if matplotlib.is_interactive():
+        if mpl.is_interactive():
             figmgr.frame.Show()
             figure.canvas.draw_idle()
         return figmgr