From 438d30b227b1fef7e8733578f851e76a8e360f24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oscar Gustafsson <oscar.gustafsson@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Aug 2022 16:13:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Get rcParams from mpl

---
 .../custom_legends.py                         |  5 +-
 lib/matplotlib/_layoutgrid.py                 |  8 +-
 lib/matplotlib/_tight_layout.py               |  7 +-
 lib/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py                  | 92 ++++++++++---------
 lib/matplotlib/colors.py                      |  3 +-
 lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py                | 26 +++---
 lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py                    |  9 +-
 lib/matplotlib/lines.py                       | 33 +++----
 lib/matplotlib/markers.py                     |  7 +-
 lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py                    |  5 +-
 lib/matplotlib/offsetbox.py                   |  9 +-
 lib/matplotlib/projections/geo.py             |  5 +-
 lib/matplotlib/projections/polar.py           |  5 +-
 lib/matplotlib/spines.py                      | 12 +--
 lib/matplotlib/streamplot.py                  |  6 +-
 .../tests/test_backends_interactive.py        | 11 ++-
 .../tests/test_constrainedlayout.py           |  5 +-
 lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py           |  4 +-
 lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py                  | 14 +--
 lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axis_artist.py    | 29 +++---
 lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axislines.py      | 16 ++--
 21 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/text_labels_and_annotations/custom_legends.py b/examples/text_labels_and_annotations/custom_legends.py
index e9f840fe768f..7f4ca07398f4 100644
--- a/examples/text_labels_and_annotations/custom_legends.py
+++ b/examples/text_labels_and_annotations/custom_legends.py
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 and call ``ax.legend()``, you will get the following:
 """
 # sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2
-from matplotlib import rcParams, cycler
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import cycler
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
 N = 10
 data = (np.geomspace(1, 10, 100) + np.random.randn(N, 100)).T
 cmap = plt.cm.coolwarm
-rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler(color=cmap(np.linspace(0, 1, N)))
+mpl.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler(color=cmap(np.linspace(0, 1, N)))
 
 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
 lines = ax.plot(data)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/_layoutgrid.py b/lib/matplotlib/_layoutgrid.py
index 18e0274e4710..12eec6f2b2d6 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/_layoutgrid.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/_layoutgrid.py
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 import kiwisolver as kiwi
 import logging
 import numpy as np
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
 from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
 
 _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -509,13 +512,10 @@ def seq_id():
 
 def plot_children(fig, lg=None, level=0):
     """Simple plotting to show where boxes are."""
-    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-    import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
-
     if lg is None:
         _layoutgrids = fig.get_layout_engine().execute(fig)
         lg = _layoutgrids[fig]
-    colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
+    colors = mpl.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
     col = colors[level]
     for i in range(lg.nrows):
         for j in range(lg.ncols):
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/_tight_layout.py b/lib/matplotlib/_tight_layout.py
index 9614bc29c222..192c2dcfdcb9 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/_tight_layout.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/_tight_layout.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, artist as martist, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, artist as martist
 from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
 from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
 
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ def _auto_adjust_subplotpars(
     """
     rows, cols = shape
 
-    font_size_inch = (
-        FontProperties(size=rcParams["font.size"]).get_size_in_points() / 72)
+    font_size_inch = (FontProperties(
+        size=mpl.rcParams["font.size"]).get_size_in_points() / 72)
     pad_inch = pad * font_size_inch
     vpad_inch = h_pad * font_size_inch if h_pad is not None else pad_inch
     hpad_inch = w_pad * font_size_inch if w_pad is not None else pad_inch
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py
index 3159a55b7e83..74b9721ee27a 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 from numpy import ma
 
+import matplotlib as mpl
 import matplotlib.category  # Register category unit converter as side-effect.
 import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
 import matplotlib.collections as mcoll
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
 import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
 import matplotlib.tri as mtri
 import matplotlib.units as munits
-from matplotlib import _api, _docstring, _preprocess_data, rcParams
+from matplotlib import _api, _docstring, _preprocess_data
 from matplotlib.axes._base import (
     _AxesBase, _TransformedBoundsLocator, _process_plot_format)
 from matplotlib.axes._secondary_axes import SecondaryAxis
@@ -136,10 +137,10 @@ def set_title(self, label, fontdict=None, loc=None, pad=None, *, y=None,
             of valid text properties.
         """
         if loc is None:
-            loc = rcParams['axes.titlelocation']
+            loc = mpl.rcParams['axes.titlelocation']
 
         if y is None:
-            y = rcParams['axes.titley']
+            y = mpl.rcParams['axes.titley']
         if y is None:
             y = 1.0
         else:
@@ -151,15 +152,15 @@ def set_title(self, label, fontdict=None, loc=None, pad=None, *, y=None,
                   'right': self._right_title}
         title = _api.check_getitem(titles, loc=loc.lower())
         default = {
-            'fontsize': rcParams['axes.titlesize'],
-            'fontweight': rcParams['axes.titleweight'],
+            'fontsize': mpl.rcParams['axes.titlesize'],
+            'fontweight': mpl.rcParams['axes.titleweight'],
             'verticalalignment': 'baseline',
             'horizontalalignment': loc.lower()}
-        titlecolor = rcParams['axes.titlecolor']
+        titlecolor = mpl.rcParams['axes.titlecolor']
         if not cbook._str_lower_equal(titlecolor, 'auto'):
             default["color"] = titlecolor
         if pad is None:
-            pad = rcParams['axes.titlepad']
+            pad = mpl.rcParams['axes.titlepad']
         self._set_title_offset_trans(float(pad))
         title.set_text(label)
         title.update(default)
@@ -2330,7 +2331,7 @@ def bar(self, x, height, width=0.8, bottom=None, *, align="center",
                 ezorder += 0.01
         error_kw.setdefault('zorder', ezorder)
         ecolor = kwargs.pop('ecolor', 'k')
-        capsize = kwargs.pop('capsize', rcParams["errorbar.capsize"])
+        capsize = kwargs.pop('capsize', mpl.rcParams["errorbar.capsize"])
         error_kw.setdefault('ecolor', ecolor)
         error_kw.setdefault('capsize', capsize)
 
@@ -2967,13 +2968,14 @@ def stem(self, *args, linefmt=None, markerfmt=None, basefmt=None, bottom=0,
         # resolve baseline format
         if basefmt is None:
             basefmt = (args[2] if len(args) > 2 else
-                       "C2-" if rcParams["_internal.classic_mode"] else "C3-")
+                       "C2-" if mpl.rcParams["_internal.classic_mode"] else
+                       "C3-")
         basestyle, basemarker, basecolor = _process_plot_format(basefmt)
 
         # New behaviour in 3.1 is to use a LineCollection for the stemlines
         if use_line_collection:
             if linestyle is None:
-                linestyle = rcParams['lines.linestyle']
+                linestyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.linestyle']
             xlines = self.vlines if orientation == "vertical" else self.hlines
             stemlines = xlines(
                 locs, bottom, heads,
@@ -3207,7 +3209,7 @@ def get_next_color():
                               horizontalalignment=label_alignment_h,
                               verticalalignment=label_alignment_v,
                               rotation=label_rotation,
-                              size=rcParams['xtick.labelsize'])
+                              size=mpl.rcParams['xtick.labelsize'])
                 t.set(**textprops)
                 texts.append(t)
 
@@ -3526,7 +3528,7 @@ def _upcast_err(err):
         # Make the style dict for caps (the "hats").
         eb_cap_style = {**base_style, 'linestyle': 'none'}
         if capsize is None:
-            capsize = rcParams["errorbar.capsize"]
+            capsize = mpl.rcParams["errorbar.capsize"]
         if capsize > 0:
             eb_cap_style['markersize'] = 2. * capsize
         if capthick is not None:
@@ -3819,28 +3821,28 @@ def boxplot(self, x, notch=None, sym=None, vert=None, whis=None,
 
         # Missing arguments default to rcParams.
         if whis is None:
-            whis = rcParams['boxplot.whiskers']
+            whis = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.whiskers']
         if bootstrap is None:
-            bootstrap = rcParams['boxplot.bootstrap']
+            bootstrap = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.bootstrap']
 
         bxpstats = cbook.boxplot_stats(x, whis=whis, bootstrap=bootstrap,
                                        labels=labels, autorange=autorange)
         if notch is None:
-            notch = rcParams['boxplot.notch']
+            notch = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.notch']
         if vert is None:
-            vert = rcParams['boxplot.vertical']
+            vert = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.vertical']
         if patch_artist is None:
-            patch_artist = rcParams['boxplot.patchartist']
+            patch_artist = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.patchartist']
         if meanline is None:
-            meanline = rcParams['boxplot.meanline']
+            meanline = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.meanline']
         if showmeans is None:
-            showmeans = rcParams['boxplot.showmeans']
+            showmeans = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.showmeans']
         if showcaps is None:
-            showcaps = rcParams['boxplot.showcaps']
+            showcaps = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.showcaps']
         if showbox is None:
-            showbox = rcParams['boxplot.showbox']
+            showbox = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.showbox']
         if showfliers is None:
-            showfliers = rcParams['boxplot.showfliers']
+            showfliers = mpl.rcParams['boxplot.showfliers']
 
         if boxprops is None:
             boxprops = {}
@@ -4048,7 +4050,7 @@ def bxp(self, bxpstats, positions=None, widths=None, vert=True,
         zdelta = 0.1
 
         def merge_kw_rc(subkey, explicit, zdelta=0, usemarker=True):
-            d = {k.split('.')[-1]: v for k, v in rcParams.items()
+            d = {k.split('.')[-1]: v for k, v in mpl.rcParams.items()
                  if k.startswith(f'boxplot.{subkey}props')}
             d['zorder'] = zorder + zdelta
             if not usemarker:
@@ -4057,11 +4059,11 @@ def merge_kw_rc(subkey, explicit, zdelta=0, usemarker=True):
             return d
 
         box_kw = {
-            'linestyle': rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.linestyle'],
-            'linewidth': rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.linewidth'],
-            'edgecolor': rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.color'],
-            'facecolor': ('white' if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']
-                          else rcParams['patch.facecolor']),
+            'linestyle': mpl.rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.linestyle'],
+            'linewidth': mpl.rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.linewidth'],
+            'edgecolor': mpl.rcParams['boxplot.boxprops.color'],
+            'facecolor': ('white' if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']
+                          else mpl.rcParams['patch.facecolor']),
             'zorder': zorder,
             **cbook.normalize_kwargs(boxprops, mpatches.PathPatch)
         } if patch_artist else merge_kw_rc('box', boxprops, usemarker=False)
@@ -4298,13 +4300,13 @@ def _parse_scatter_color_args(c, edgecolors, kwargs, xsize,
             if facecolors is None:
                 facecolors = kwcolor
 
-        if edgecolors is None and not rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
-            edgecolors = rcParams['scatter.edgecolors']
+        if edgecolors is None and not mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
+            edgecolors = mpl.rcParams['scatter.edgecolors']
 
         c_was_none = c is None
         if c is None:
             c = (facecolors if facecolors is not None
-                 else "b" if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']
+                 else "b" if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']
                  else get_next_color_func())
         c_is_string_or_strings = (
             isinstance(c, str)
@@ -4496,8 +4498,8 @@ def scatter(self, x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None,
             raise ValueError("x and y must be the same size")
 
         if s is None:
-            s = (20 if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode'] else
-                 rcParams['lines.markersize'] ** 2.0)
+            s = (20 if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode'] else
+                 mpl.rcParams['lines.markersize'] ** 2.0)
         s = np.ma.ravel(s)
         if (len(s) not in (1, x.size) or
                 (not np.issubdtype(s.dtype, np.floating) and
@@ -4533,7 +4535,7 @@ def scatter(self, x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None,
 
         # load default marker from rcParams
         if marker is None:
-            marker = rcParams['scatter.marker']
+            marker = mpl.rcParams['scatter.marker']
 
         if isinstance(marker, mmarkers.MarkerStyle):
             marker_obj = marker
@@ -4574,10 +4576,10 @@ def scatter(self, x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None,
                 edgecolors = 'face'
 
             if linewidths is None:
-                linewidths = rcParams['lines.linewidth']
+                linewidths = mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
             elif np.iterable(linewidths):
                 linewidths = [
-                    lw if lw is not None else rcParams['lines.linewidth']
+                    lw if lw is not None else mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
                     for lw in linewidths]
 
         offsets = np.ma.column_stack([x, y])
@@ -4614,7 +4616,7 @@ def scatter(self, x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None,
         # finite size of the symbols.  In v2.x, margins
         # are present by default, so we disable this
         # scatter-specific override.
-        if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
             if self._xmargin < 0.05 and x.size > 0:
                 self.set_xmargin(0.05)
             if self._ymargin < 0.05 and x.size > 0:
@@ -5214,7 +5216,7 @@ def _fill_between_x_or_y(
 
         dep_dir = {"x": "y", "y": "x"}[ind_dir]
 
-        if not rcParams["_internal.classic_mode"]:
+        if not mpl.rcParams["_internal.classic_mode"]:
             kwargs = cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mcoll.Collection)
             if not any(c in kwargs for c in ("color", "facecolor")):
                 kwargs["facecolor"] = \
@@ -5544,7 +5546,7 @@ def imshow(self, X, cmap=None, norm=None, aspect=None,
         (unassociated) alpha representation.
         """
         if aspect is None:
-            aspect = rcParams['image.aspect']
+            aspect = mpl.rcParams['image.aspect']
         self.set_aspect(aspect)
         im = mimage.AxesImage(self, cmap=cmap, norm=norm,
                               interpolation=interpolation, origin=origin,
@@ -5844,7 +5846,7 @@ def pcolor(self, *args, shading=None, alpha=None, norm=None, cmap=None,
         """
 
         if shading is None:
-            shading = rcParams['pcolor.shading']
+            shading = mpl.rcParams['pcolor.shading']
         shading = shading.lower()
         X, Y, C, shading = self._pcolorargs('pcolor', *args, shading=shading,
                                             kwargs=kwargs)
@@ -6108,7 +6110,7 @@ def pcolormesh(self, *args, alpha=None, norm=None, cmap=None, vmin=None,
 
         """
         if shading is None:
-            shading = rcParams['pcolor.shading']
+            shading = mpl.rcParams['pcolor.shading']
         shading = shading.lower()
         kwargs.setdefault('edgecolors', 'none')
 
@@ -6118,7 +6120,7 @@ def pcolormesh(self, *args, alpha=None, norm=None, cmap=None, vmin=None,
         # convert to one dimensional array
         C = C.ravel()
 
-        kwargs.setdefault('snap', rcParams['pcolormesh.snap'])
+        kwargs.setdefault('snap', mpl.rcParams['pcolormesh.snap'])
 
         collection = mcoll.QuadMesh(
             coords, antialiased=antialiased, shading=shading,
@@ -6586,7 +6588,7 @@ def hist(self, x, bins=None, range=None, density=False, weights=None,
             x = [x]
 
         if bins is None:
-            bins = rcParams['hist.bins']
+            bins = mpl.rcParams['hist.bins']
 
         # Validate string inputs here to avoid cluttering subsequent code.
         _api.check_in_list(['bar', 'barstacked', 'step', 'stepfilled'],
@@ -6713,7 +6715,7 @@ def hist(self, x, bins=None, range=None, density=False, weights=None,
             if rwidth is not None:
                 dr = np.clip(rwidth, 0, 1)
             elif (len(tops) > 1 and
-                  ((not stacked) or rcParams['_internal.classic_mode'])):
+                  ((not stacked) or mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode'])):
                 dr = 0.8
             else:
                 dr = 1.0
@@ -8109,7 +8111,7 @@ def violin(self, vpstats, positions=None, vert=True, widths=0.5,
         line_ends = [[-0.25], [0.25]] * np.array(widths) + positions
 
         # Colors.
-        if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
+        if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
             fillcolor = 'y'
             linecolor = 'r'
         else:
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/colors.py b/lib/matplotlib/colors.py
index 2a537b6c9b7b..1df7b6f140a8 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/colors.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/colors.py
@@ -288,8 +288,7 @@ def to_rgba(c, alpha=None):
     """
     # Special-case nth color syntax because it should not be cached.
     if _is_nth_color(c):
-        from matplotlib import rcParams
-        prop_cycler = rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']
+        prop_cycler = mpl.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']
         colors = prop_cycler.by_key().get('color', ['k'])
         c = colors[int(c[1:]) % len(colors)]
     try:
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py b/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py
index 815ccc944b5d..99e1fecabbeb 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 import threading
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import _api, _afm, cbook, ft2font, rcParams
+from matplotlib import _api, _afm, cbook, ft2font
 from matplotlib._fontconfig_pattern import (
     parse_fontconfig_pattern, generate_fontconfig_pattern)
 from matplotlib.rcsetup import _validators
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ def set_family(self, family):
         :rc:`text.usetex` is `True`. Default: :rc:`font.family`
         """
         if family is None:
-            family = rcParams['font.family']
+            family = mpl.rcParams['font.family']
         if isinstance(family, str):
             family = [family]
         self._family = family
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ def set_style(self, style):
         style : {'normal', 'italic', 'oblique'}, default: :rc:`font.style`
         """
         if style is None:
-            style = rcParams['font.style']
+            style = mpl.rcParams['font.style']
         _api.check_in_list(['normal', 'italic', 'oblique'], style=style)
         self._slant = style
 
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ def set_variant(self, variant):
         variant : {'normal', 'small-caps'}, default: :rc:`font.variant`
         """
         if variant is None:
-            variant = rcParams['font.variant']
+            variant = mpl.rcParams['font.variant']
         _api.check_in_list(['normal', 'small-caps'], variant=variant)
         self._variant = variant
 
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ def set_weight(self, weight):
             If int, must be in the range  0-1000.
         """
         if weight is None:
-            weight = rcParams['font.weight']
+            weight = mpl.rcParams['font.weight']
         if weight in weight_dict:
             self._weight = weight
             return
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ def set_stretch(self, stretch):
             If int, must be in the range  0-1000.
         """
         if stretch is None:
-            stretch = rcParams['font.stretch']
+            stretch = mpl.rcParams['font.stretch']
         if stretch in stretch_dict:
             self._stretch = stretch
             return
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ def set_size(self, size):
             relative to the default font size.
         """
         if size is None:
-            size = rcParams['font.size']
+            size = mpl.rcParams['font.size']
         try:
             size = float(size)
         except ValueError:
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ def set_math_fontfamily(self, fontfamily):
         .text.Text.get_math_fontfamily
         """
         if fontfamily is None:
-            fontfamily = rcParams['mathtext.fontset']
+            fontfamily = mpl.rcParams['mathtext.fontset']
         else:
             valid_fonts = _validators['mathtext.fontset'].valid.values()
             # _check_in_list() Validates the parameter math_fontfamily as
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ def get_default_size():
         """
         Return the default font size.
         """
-        return rcParams['font.size']
+        return mpl.rcParams['font.size']
 
     def set_default_weight(self, weight):
         """
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ def set_default_weight(self, weight):
     def _expand_aliases(family):
         if family in ('sans', 'sans serif'):
             family = 'sans-serif'
-        return rcParams['font.' + family]
+        return mpl.rcParams['font.' + family]
 
     # Each of the scoring functions below should return a value between
     # 0.0 (perfect match) and 1.0 (terrible match)
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ def findfont(self, prop, fontext='ttf', directory=None,
         # Pass the relevant rcParams (and the font manager, as `self`) to
         # _findfont_cached so to prevent using a stale cache entry after an
         # rcParam was changed.
-        rc_params = tuple(tuple(rcParams[key]) for key in [
+        rc_params = tuple(tuple(mpl.rcParams[key]) for key in [
             "font.serif", "font.sans-serif", "font.cursive", "font.fantasy",
             "font.monospace"])
         return self._findfont_cached(
@@ -1595,13 +1595,13 @@ def get_font(font_filepaths, hinting_factor=None):
         paths = tuple(_cached_realpath(fname) for fname in font_filepaths)
 
     if hinting_factor is None:
-        hinting_factor = rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
+        hinting_factor = mpl.rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
 
     return _get_font(
         # must be a tuple to be cached
         paths,
         hinting_factor,
-        _kerning_factor=rcParams['text.kerning_factor'],
+        _kerning_factor=mpl.rcParams['text.kerning_factor'],
         # also key on the thread ID to prevent segfaults with multi-threading
         thread_id=threading.get_ident()
     )
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py b/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py
index ec432fdb46e5..2dc066adefa9 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/gridspec.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import _api, _pylab_helpers, _tight_layout, rcParams
+from matplotlib import _api, _pylab_helpers, _tight_layout
 from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
 
 _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -430,7 +430,8 @@ def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
         - :rc:`figure.subplot.*`
         """
         if figure is None:
-            kw = {k: rcParams["figure.subplot."+k] for k in self._AllowedKeys}
+            kw = {k: mpl.rcParams["figure.subplot."+k]
+                  for k in self._AllowedKeys}
             subplotpars = mpl.figure.SubplotParams(**kw)
         else:
             subplotpars = copy.copy(figure.subplotpars)
@@ -520,10 +521,10 @@ def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
         """Return a dictionary of subplot layout parameters."""
         hspace = (self._hspace if self._hspace is not None
                   else figure.subplotpars.hspace if figure is not None
-                  else rcParams["figure.subplot.hspace"])
+                  else mpl.rcParams["figure.subplot.hspace"])
         wspace = (self._wspace if self._wspace is not None
                   else figure.subplotpars.wspace if figure is not None
-                  else rcParams["figure.subplot.wspace"])
+                  else mpl.rcParams["figure.subplot.wspace"])
 
         figbox = self._subplot_spec.get_position(figure)
         left, bottom, right, top = figbox.extents
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/lines.py b/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
index c229c0b715cc..8df89373adf1 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/lines.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from . import _api, cbook, colors as mcolors, _docstring, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from . import _api, cbook, colors as mcolors, _docstring
 from .artist import Artist, allow_rasterization
 from .cbook import (
     _to_unmasked_float_array, ls_mapper, ls_mapper_r, STEP_LOOKUP_MAP)
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ def _get_dash_pattern(style):
     # dashed styles
     elif style in ['dashed', 'dashdot', 'dotted']:
         offset = 0
-        dashes = tuple(rcParams['lines.{}_pattern'.format(style)])
+        dashes = tuple(mpl.rcParams['lines.{}_pattern'.format(style)])
     #
     elif isinstance(style, tuple):
         offset, dashes = style
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ def _get_dash_pattern(style):
 
 
 def _scale_dashes(offset, dashes, lw):
-    if not rcParams['lines.scale_dashes']:
+    if not mpl.rcParams['lines.scale_dashes']:
         return offset, dashes
     scaled_offset = offset * lw
     scaled_dashes = ([x * lw if x is not None else None for x in dashes]
@@ -313,27 +314,27 @@ def __init__(self, xdata, ydata,
             raise RuntimeError('ydata must be a sequence')
 
         if linewidth is None:
-            linewidth = rcParams['lines.linewidth']
+            linewidth = mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
 
         if linestyle is None:
-            linestyle = rcParams['lines.linestyle']
+            linestyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.linestyle']
         if marker is None:
-            marker = rcParams['lines.marker']
+            marker = mpl.rcParams['lines.marker']
         if color is None:
-            color = rcParams['lines.color']
+            color = mpl.rcParams['lines.color']
 
         if markersize is None:
-            markersize = rcParams['lines.markersize']
+            markersize = mpl.rcParams['lines.markersize']
         if antialiased is None:
-            antialiased = rcParams['lines.antialiased']
+            antialiased = mpl.rcParams['lines.antialiased']
         if dash_capstyle is None:
-            dash_capstyle = rcParams['lines.dash_capstyle']
+            dash_capstyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.dash_capstyle']
         if dash_joinstyle is None:
-            dash_joinstyle = rcParams['lines.dash_joinstyle']
+            dash_joinstyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.dash_joinstyle']
         if solid_capstyle is None:
-            solid_capstyle = rcParams['lines.solid_capstyle']
+            solid_capstyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_capstyle']
         if solid_joinstyle is None:
-            solid_joinstyle = rcParams['lines.solid_joinstyle']
+            solid_joinstyle = mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_joinstyle']
 
         if drawstyle is None:
             drawstyle = 'default'
@@ -939,7 +940,7 @@ def get_markeredgecolor(self):
         """
         mec = self._markeredgecolor
         if cbook._str_equal(mec, 'auto'):
-            if rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
+            if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
                 if self._marker.get_marker() in ('.', ','):
                     return self._color
                 if (self._marker.is_filled()
@@ -1196,7 +1197,7 @@ def set_marker(self, marker):
 
     def _set_markercolor(self, name, has_rcdefault, val):
         if val is None:
-            val = rcParams[f"lines.{name}"] if has_rcdefault else "auto"
+            val = mpl.rcParams[f"lines.{name}"] if has_rcdefault else "auto"
         attr = f"_{name}"
         current = getattr(self, attr)
         if current is None:
@@ -1248,7 +1249,7 @@ def set_markeredgewidth(self, ew):
              Marker edge width, in points.
         """
         if ew is None:
-            ew = rcParams['lines.markeredgewidth']
+            ew = mpl.rcParams['lines.markeredgewidth']
         if self._markeredgewidth != ew:
             self.stale = True
         self._markeredgewidth = ew
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/markers.py b/lib/matplotlib/markers.py
index de9b5a81f6a0..ace32192b322 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/markers.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/markers.py
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from . import _api, cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from . import _api, cbook
 from .path import Path
 from .transforms import IdentityTransform, Affine2D
 from ._enums import JoinStyle, CapStyle
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ def _set_fillstyle(self, fillstyle):
             markerfacecolor.
         """
         if fillstyle is None:
-            fillstyle = rcParams['markers.fillstyle']
+            fillstyle = mpl.rcParams['markers.fillstyle']
         _api.check_in_list(self.fillstyles, fillstyle=fillstyle)
         self._fillstyle = fillstyle
         self._recache()
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@ def _set_mathtext_path(self):
         # again, the properties could be initialised just once outside
         # this function
         text = TextPath(xy=(0, 0), s=self.get_marker(),
-                        usetex=rcParams['text.usetex'])
+                        usetex=mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'])
         if len(text.vertices) == 0:
             return
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py b/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py
index b613c3a28111..3871d9ca7bc5 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, rcParams, _mathtext
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, _mathtext
 from matplotlib.ft2font import FT2Image, LOAD_NO_HINTING
 from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
 
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ def render_glyph(self, ox, oy, info):
         else:
             info.font.draw_glyph_to_bitmap(
                 self.image, ox, oy - info.metrics.iceberg, info.glyph,
-                antialiased=rcParams['text.antialiased'])
+                antialiased=mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
 
     def render_rect_filled(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
         if self.mode == 'bbox':
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/offsetbox.py b/lib/matplotlib/offsetbox.py
index 91ddc681e450..b583e320c7c7 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/offsetbox.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/offsetbox.py
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, _docstring, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, _docstring
 import matplotlib.artist as martist
 import matplotlib.path as mpath
 import matplotlib.text as mtext
@@ -982,11 +983,11 @@ def __init__(self, loc,
         self.pad = pad
 
         if prop is None:
-            self.prop = FontProperties(size=rcParams["legend.fontsize"])
+            self.prop = FontProperties(size=mpl.rcParams["legend.fontsize"])
         else:
             self.prop = FontProperties._from_any(prop)
             if isinstance(prop, dict) and "size" not in prop:
-                self.prop.set_size(rcParams["legend.fontsize"])
+                self.prop.set_size(mpl.rcParams["legend.fontsize"])
 
         self.patch = FancyBboxPatch(
             xy=(0.0, 0.0), width=1., height=1.,
@@ -1402,7 +1403,7 @@ def set_fontsize(self, s=None):
         If *s* is not given, reset to :rc:`legend.fontsize`.
         """
         if s is None:
-            s = rcParams["legend.fontsize"]
+            s = mpl.rcParams["legend.fontsize"]
 
         self.prop = FontProperties(size=s)
         self.stale = True
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/projections/geo.py b/lib/matplotlib/projections/geo.py
index c9e378a98aa5..c9eaaea703e7 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/projections/geo.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/projections/geo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 import matplotlib.axis as maxis
 from matplotlib.patches import Circle
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ def clear(self):
         # Why do we need to turn on yaxis tick labels, but
         # xaxis tick labels are already on?
 
-        self.grid(rcParams['axes.grid'])
+        self.grid(mpl.rcParams['axes.grid'])
 
         Axes.set_xlim(self, -np.pi, np.pi)
         Axes.set_ylim(self, -np.pi / 2.0, np.pi / 2.0)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/projections/polar.py b/lib/matplotlib/projections/polar.py
index b6fd61aaaba7..3c80ae3ca141 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/projections/polar.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/projections/polar.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, cbook
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 import matplotlib.axis as maxis
 import matplotlib.markers as mmarkers
@@ -773,7 +774,7 @@ def clear(self):
             end.set_visible(False)
         self.set_xlim(0.0, 2 * np.pi)
 
-        self.grid(rcParams['polaraxes.grid'])
+        self.grid(mpl.rcParams['polaraxes.grid'])
         inner = self.spines.get('inner', None)
         if inner:
             inner.set_visible(False)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/spines.py b/lib/matplotlib/spines.py
index 1f373fb177ba..3395c220a74e 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/spines.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/spines.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-import matplotlib
-from matplotlib import _api, _docstring, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, _docstring
 from matplotlib.artist import allow_rasterization
 import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
 import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ def __init__(self, axes, spine_type, path, **kwargs):
         self.set_figure(self.axes.figure)
         self.spine_type = spine_type
         self.set_facecolor('none')
-        self.set_edgecolor(rcParams['axes.edgecolor'])
-        self.set_linewidth(rcParams['axes.linewidth'])
+        self.set_edgecolor(mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'])
+        self.set_linewidth(mpl.rcParams['axes.linewidth'])
         self.set_capstyle('projecting')
         self.axis = None
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def __init__(self, axes, spine_type, path, **kwargs):
         # non-rectangular axes is currently implemented, and this lets
         # them pass through the spines machinery without errors.)
         self._position = None
-        _api.check_isinstance(matplotlib.path.Path, path=path)
+        _api.check_isinstance(mpath.Path, path=path)
         self._path = path
 
         # To support drawing both linear and circular spines, this
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ def linear_spine(cls, axes, spine_type, **kwargs):
         else:
             raise ValueError('unable to make path for spine "%s"' % spine_type)
         result = cls(axes, spine_type, path, **kwargs)
-        result.set_visible(rcParams['axes.spines.{0}'.format(spine_type)])
+        result.set_visible(mpl.rcParams['axes.spines.{0}'.format(spine_type)])
 
         return result
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/streamplot.py b/lib/matplotlib/streamplot.py
index 31ad96044a1e..f03a681e5527 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/streamplot.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/streamplot.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-import matplotlib
+import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib import _api, cm, patches
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
 import matplotlib.collections as mcollections
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def streamplot(axes, x, y, u, v, density=1, linewidth=None, color=None,
         color = axes._get_lines.get_next_color()
 
     if linewidth is None:
-        linewidth = matplotlib.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
+        linewidth = mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
 
     line_kw = {}
     arrow_kw = dict(arrowstyle=arrowstyle, mutation_scale=10 * arrowsize)
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def streamplot(axes, x, y, u, v, density=1, linewidth=None, color=None,
         lc.set_norm(norm)
     axes.add_collection(lc)
 
-    ac = matplotlib.collections.PatchCollection(arrows)
+    ac = mcollections.PatchCollection(arrows)
     # Adding the collection itself is broken; see #2341.
     for p in arrows:
         axes.add_patch(p)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backends_interactive.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backends_interactive.py
index 9dd26c02e2fa..e5e6b295e798 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backends_interactive.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backends_interactive.py
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ def _test_interactive_impl():
     from unittest import TestCase
 
     import matplotlib as mpl
-    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, rcParams
+    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
     from matplotlib.backend_bases import KeyEvent
-    rcParams.update({
+    mpl.rcParams.update({
         "webagg.open_in_browser": False,
         "webagg.port_retries": 1,
     })
 
-    rcParams.update(json.loads(sys.argv[1]))
+    mpl.rcParams.update(json.loads(sys.argv[1]))
     backend = plt.rcParams["backend"].lower()
     assert_equal = TestCase().assertEqual
     assert_raises = TestCase().assertRaises
@@ -177,9 +177,10 @@ def test_interactive_backend(env, toolbar):
 def _test_thread_impl():
     from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 
-    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, rcParams
+    import matplotlib as mpl
+    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
 
-    rcParams.update({
+    mpl.rcParams.update({
         "webagg.open_in_browser": False,
         "webagg.port_retries": 1,
     })
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py
index 5177a05017ea..35eb850fcd70 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+import matplotlib as mpl
 from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
-from matplotlib import gridspec, ticker, rcParams
+from matplotlib import gridspec, ticker
 
 
 def example_plot(ax, fontsize=12, nodec=False):
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ def test_constrained_layout14():
 @image_comparison(['constrained_layout15.png'])
 def test_constrained_layout15():
     """Test that rcparams work."""
-    rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] = True
+    mpl.rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] = True
     fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)
     for ax in axs.flat:
         example_plot(ax, fontsize=12)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py
index eeb9021cf041..48b4a880e089 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_figure.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from PIL import Image
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import gridspec, rcParams
+from matplotlib import gridspec
 from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison, check_figures_equal
 from matplotlib.axes import Axes
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure, FigureBase
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def test_alpha():
 
 def test_too_many_figures():
     with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
-        for i in range(rcParams['figure.max_open_warning'] + 1):
+        for i in range(mpl.rcParams['figure.max_open_warning'] + 1):
             plt.figure()
 
 
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py b/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py
index 4865463a349c..edac2fec9c79 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/texmanager.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import _api, cbook, dviread, rcParams
+from matplotlib import _api, cbook, dviread
 
 _log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def get_font_config(self):
     @classmethod
     def _get_font_family_and_reduced(cls):
         """Return the font family name and whether the font is reduced."""
-        ff = rcParams['font.family']
+        ff = mpl.rcParams['font.family']
         ff_val = ff[0].lower() if len(ff) == 1 else None
         if len(ff) == 1 and ff_val in cls._font_families:
             return ff_val, False
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ def _get_font_preamble_and_command(cls):
         for font_family in cls._font_families:
             if is_reduced_font and font_family == requested_family:
                 preambles[font_family] = cls._font_preambles[
-                    rcParams['font.family'][0].lower()]
+                    mpl.rcParams['font.family'][0].lower()]
             else:
-                for font in rcParams['font.' + font_family]:
+                for font in mpl.rcParams['font.' + font_family]:
                     if font.lower() in cls._font_preambles:
                         preambles[font_family] = \
                             cls._font_preambles[font.lower()]
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ def get_font_preamble(cls):
     @classmethod
     def get_custom_preamble(cls):
         """Return a string containing user additions to the tex preamble."""
-        return rcParams['text.latex.preamble']
+        return mpl.rcParams['text.latex.preamble']
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_tex_source(cls, tex, fontsize):
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ def make_png(cls, tex, fontsize, dpi):
     def get_grey(cls, tex, fontsize=None, dpi=None):
         """Return the alpha channel."""
         if not fontsize:
-            fontsize = rcParams['font.size']
+            fontsize = mpl.rcParams['font.size']
         if not dpi:
-            dpi = rcParams['savefig.dpi']
+            dpi = mpl.rcParams['savefig.dpi']
         key = cls._get_tex_source(tex, fontsize), dpi
         alpha = cls._grey_arrayd.get(key)
         if alpha is None:
diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axis_artist.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axis_artist.py
index d431b888d091..986a1c0cca0e 100644
--- a/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axis_artist.py
+++ b/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axis_artist.py
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from matplotlib import _api, cbook, rcParams
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, cbook
 import matplotlib.artist as martist
 import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
 import matplotlib.text as mtext
@@ -781,11 +782,11 @@ def _init_line(self):
         if axisline_style is None:
             self.line = PathPatch(
                 self._axis_artist_helper.get_line(self.axes),
-                color=rcParams['axes.edgecolor'],
+                color=mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'],
                 fill=False,
-                linewidth=rcParams['axes.linewidth'],
-                capstyle=rcParams['lines.solid_capstyle'],
-                joinstyle=rcParams['lines.solid_joinstyle'],
+                linewidth=mpl.rcParams['axes.linewidth'],
+                capstyle=mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_capstyle'],
+                joinstyle=mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_joinstyle'],
                 transform=tran)
         else:
             self.line = axisline_style(self, transform=tran)
@@ -804,14 +805,16 @@ def _init_ticks(self, **kwargs):
 
         self.major_ticks = Ticks(
             kwargs.get(
-                "major_tick_size", rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.size"]),
+                "major_tick_size",
+                mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.size"]),
             axis=self.axis, transform=trans)
         self.minor_ticks = Ticks(
             kwargs.get(
-                "minor_tick_size", rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.size"]),
+                "minor_tick_size",
+                mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.size"]),
             axis=self.axis, transform=trans)
 
-        size = rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.labelsize"]
+        size = mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.labelsize"]
         self.major_ticklabels = TickLabels(
             axis=self.axis,
             axis_direction=self._axis_direction,
@@ -819,7 +822,7 @@ def _init_ticks(self, **kwargs):
             transform=trans,
             fontsize=size,
             pad=kwargs.get(
-                "major_tick_pad", rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.pad"]),
+                "major_tick_pad", mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.pad"]),
         )
         self.minor_ticklabels = TickLabels(
             axis=self.axis,
@@ -828,7 +831,7 @@ def _init_ticks(self, **kwargs):
             transform=trans,
             fontsize=size,
             pad=kwargs.get(
-                "minor_tick_pad", rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.pad"]),
+                "minor_tick_pad", mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.pad"]),
         )
 
     def _get_tick_info(self, tick_iter):
@@ -903,7 +906,7 @@ def _init_offsetText(self, direction):
             "",
             xy=(x, y), xycoords="axes fraction",
             xytext=(0, 0), textcoords="offset points",
-            color=rcParams['xtick.color'],
+            color=mpl.rcParams['xtick.color'],
             horizontalalignment=ha, verticalalignment=va,
         )
         self.offsetText.set_transform(IdentityTransform())
@@ -927,8 +930,8 @@ def _init_label(self, **kwargs):
         self.label = AxisLabel(
             0, 0, "__from_axes__",
             color="auto",
-            fontsize=kwargs.get("labelsize", rcParams['axes.labelsize']),
-            fontweight=rcParams['axes.labelweight'],
+            fontsize=kwargs.get("labelsize", mpl.rcParams['axes.labelsize']),
+            fontweight=mpl.rcParams['axes.labelweight'],
             axis=self.axis,
             transform=tr,
             axis_direction=self._axis_direction,
diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axislines.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axislines.py
index ff1d063d3fb0..fdbf41580f03 100644
--- a/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axislines.py
+++ b/lib/mpl_toolkits/axisartist/axislines.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 
 import matplotlib as mpl
-from matplotlib import _api, rcParams
+from matplotlib import _api
 import matplotlib.axes as maxes
 from matplotlib.path import Path
 from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import mpl_axes
@@ -341,10 +341,10 @@ def new_gridlines(self, ax):
         *axis* : "both", "x" or "y"
 
         """
-        gridlines = GridlinesCollection(None, transform=ax.transData,
-                                        colors=rcParams['grid.color'],
-                                        linestyles=rcParams['grid.linestyle'],
-                                        linewidths=rcParams['grid.linewidth'])
+        gridlines = GridlinesCollection(
+            None, transform=ax.transData, colors=mpl.rcParams['grid.color'],
+            linestyles=mpl.rcParams['grid.linestyle'],
+            linewidths=mpl.rcParams['grid.linewidth'])
         ax._set_artist_props(gridlines)
         gridlines.set_grid_helper(self)
 
@@ -488,9 +488,9 @@ def clear(self):
         # Init gridlines before clear() as clear() calls grid().
         self.gridlines = gridlines = GridlinesCollection(
             None, transform=self.transData,
-            colors=rcParams['grid.color'],
-            linestyles=rcParams['grid.linestyle'],
-            linewidths=rcParams['grid.linewidth'])
+            colors=mpl.rcParams['grid.color'],
+            linestyles=mpl.rcParams['grid.linestyle'],
+            linewidths=mpl.rcParams['grid.linewidth'])
         self._set_artist_props(gridlines)
         gridlines.set_grid_helper(self.get_grid_helper())