diff --git a/.github/actions/action.yml b/.github/actions/action.yml
index 20a239026e4f..2c271c0c5726 100644
--- a/.github/actions/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/action.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ runs:
       echo DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS $DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS
       echo USE_DEBUG $USE_DEBUG
       echo NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64 $NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64
-      echo NUMPY_EXPERIMENTAL_ARRAY_FUNCTION $NUMPY_EXPERIMENTAL_ARRAY_FUNCTION
       echo USE_ASV $USE_ASV
       echo PATH $PATH
       echo python `which python`
diff --git a/.github/meson_actions/action.yml b/.github/meson_actions/action.yml
index aff70da169bc..fb3042c0ade2 100644
--- a/.github/meson_actions/action.yml
+++ b/.github/meson_actions/action.yml
@@ -3,27 +3,35 @@ description: "checkout repo, build, and test numpy"
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-  - name: Install dependencies
-    shell: bash
-    run: pip install -r build_requirements.txt
   - name: Build
     shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
     env:
       TERM: xterm-256color
-    run:
-      spin build -- ${MESON_ARGS[@]}
-  - name: Check build-internal dependencies
-    shell: bash
-    run:
-      ninja -C build -t missingdeps
-  - name: Check installed test and stub files
+      PKG_CONFIG_PATH: ./.openblas
+    run: |
+      echo "::group::Installing Build Dependencies"
+      pip install -r build_requirements.txt
+      echo "::endgroup::"
+      echo "::group::Building NumPy"
+      spin build --clean -- ${MESON_ARGS[@]}
+      echo "::endgroup::"
+
+  - name: Meson Log
     shell: bash
-    run:
-      python tools/check_installed_files.py $(find ./build-install -path '*/site-packages/numpy')
+    if: always()
+    run: |
+      echo "::group::Meson Log"
+      cat build/meson-logs/meson-log.txt
+      echo "::endgroup::"
+
   - name: Test
     shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
     env:
       TERM: xterm-256color
     run: |
-      pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-      spin test -j auto
+      echo "::group::Installing Test Dependencies"
+      pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions setuptools
+      echo "::endgroup::"
+      echo "::group::Test NumPy"
+      spin test
+      echo "::endgroup::"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_test.yml b/.github/workflows/build_test.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index e570c5540415..000000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/build_test.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,447 +0,0 @@
-name: Build_Test
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      # coverage comparison in the "full" step needs to run on main after merges
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - maintenance/**
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-env:
-  DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS: 1
-  PYTHON_VERSION: 3.9
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
-
-jobs:
-  lint:
-    if: github.repository == 'numpy/numpy' && github.event_name != 'push'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    continue-on-error: true
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - name: Install linter requirements
-      run:
-        python -m pip install -r linter_requirements.txt
-    - name: Run linter on PR diff
-      run:
-        python tools/linter.py --branch origin/${{ github.base_ref }}
-
-  smoke_test:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-baseline=none -Dcpu-dispatch=none"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
-
-  basic:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "pypy3.9-v7.3.12"]
-    env:
-      EXPECT_CPU_FEATURES: "SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE41 POPCNT SSE42 AVX F16C FMA3 AVX2 AVX512F AVX512CD AVX512_KNL AVX512_KNM AVX512_SKX AVX512_CLX AVX512_CNL AVX512_ICL"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  old_gcc:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    # provides GCC  7, 8
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    # comes with python3.6
-    - name: Install Python3.9
-      run: |
-        sudo apt update
-        # for add-apt-repository
-        sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
-        sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa -y
-        sudo apt install python3.9-dev ninja-build -y
-        sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/pythonx
-        pythonx -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
-        pythonx -m pip install -r test_requirements.txt
-    - name: Install Compilers
-      run: sudo apt install g++-7 g++-8 -y
-    - name: Build gcc-7
-      run: |
-        export CC=/usr/bin/gcc-7
-        export CXX=/usr/bin/g++-7
-        rm -rf build && pythonx setup.py install --user
-    - name: Runtests gcc-7
-      run: pythonx runtests.py -n
-    - name: Build gcc-8
-      run: |
-        export CC=/usr/bin/gcc-8
-        export CXX=/usr/bin/g++-8
-        rm -rf build && pythonx setup.py install --user
-    - name: Runtests gcc-8
-      run: pythonx runtests.py -n
-
-  without_optimizations:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Ddisable-optimization=true"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
-
-  with_baseline_only:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=none"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
-
-  without_avx512:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=SSSE3,SSE41,POPCNT,SSE42,AVX,F16C,AVX2,FMA3"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
-
-  without_avx512_avx2_fma3:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=SSSE3,SSE41,POPCNT,SSE42,AVX,F16C"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
-
-  debug:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      USE_DEBUG: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  blas64:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  full:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      USE_WHEEL: 1
-      RUN_FULL_TESTS: 1
-      RUN_COVERAGE: 1
-      INSTALL_PICKLE5: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  benchmark:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2
-      BLAS: None
-      LAPACK: None
-      ATLAS: None
-      NPY_BLAS_ORDER: mkl,blis,openblas,atlas,blas
-      NPY_LAPACK_ORDER: MKL,OPENBLAS,ATLAS,LAPACK
-      USE_ASV: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  relaxed_strides_debug:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      CHECK_BLAS: 1
-      NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64: 1
-      NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  use_wheel:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      USE_WHEEL: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  no_openblas:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      BLAS: None
-      LAPACK: None
-      ATLAS: None
-      DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS: ''
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  sdist:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    env:
-      USE_SDIST: 1
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - uses: ./.github/actions
-
-  armv7_simd_test:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    # make sure this matches the base docker image below
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: github.event_name != 'push'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Initialize binfmt_misc for qemu-user-static
-      run: |
-        docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - name: Creates new container
-      run: |
-        # use x86_64 cross-compiler to speed up the build
-        sudo apt update
-        sudo apt install -y gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf gfortran-arm-linux-gnueabihf
-
-        docker run --name the_container --interactive -v /:/host -v $(pwd):/numpy arm32v7/ubuntu:22.04 /bin/bash -c "
-          apt update &&
-          apt install -y git python3 python3-dev python3-pip  &&
-          python3 -m pip install -r /numpy/test_requirements.txt
-          ln -s /host/lib64 /lib64 &&
-          ln -s /host/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu &&
-          ln -s /host/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf &&
-          rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf && ln -s /host/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-as && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-as /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-as &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld &&
-          rm -f /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld.bfd && ln -s /host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld.bfd /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld.bfd
-        "
-        docker commit the_container the_container
-    - name: Build
-      run: |
-        sudo docker run --name the_build --interactive -v $(pwd):/numpy -v /:/host the_container /bin/bash -c "
-          uname -a &&
-          gcc --version &&
-          g++ --version &&
-          arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran --version &&
-          python3 --version &&
-          git config --global --add safe.directory /numpy
-          cd /numpy &&
-          python3 setup.py install
-        "
-        docker commit the_build the_build
-    - name: Run SIMD Tests
-      run: |
-        docker run --rm --interactive -v $(pwd):/numpy the_build /bin/bash -c "
-          cd /numpy && F90=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gfortran python3 runtests.py -n -v -- -k 'test_simd or test_kind'
-        "
-
-  sde_simd_avx512_test:
-    # Intel Software Development Emulator (SDE) is used to run a given program
-    # on a specific instruction set architecture and capture various performance details.
-    # see https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/tool/software-development-emulator.html
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - name: Install Intel SDE
-      run: |
-        curl -o /tmp/sde.tar.xz https://downloadmirror.intel.com/732268/sde-external-9.7.0-2022-05-09-lin.tar.xz
-        mkdir /tmp/sde && tar -xvf /tmp/sde.tar.xz -C /tmp/sde/
-        sudo mv /tmp/sde/* /opt/sde && sudo ln -s /opt/sde/sde64 /usr/bin/sde
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install -r test_requirements.txt
-    - name: Build
-      run: python setup.py build
-           --simd-test="\$werror AVX512F AVX512_KNL AVX512_KNM AVX512_SKX AVX512_CLX AVX512_CNL AVX512_ICL"
-           install
-    # KNM implies KNL
-    - name: Run SIMD tests (Xeon PHI)
-      run: sde -knm -- python runtests.py -n -v -- -k test_simd
-    # ICL implies SKX, CLX and CNL
-    - name: Run SIMD tests (Ice Lake)
-      run: sde -icl -- python runtests.py -n -v -- -k test_simd
-
-  intel_spr_sde_test:
-    needs: [smoke_test]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - name: Install Intel SDE
-      run: |
-        curl -o /tmp/sde.tar.xz https://downloadmirror.intel.com/784319/sde-external-9.24.0-2023-07-13-lin.tar.xz
-        mkdir /tmp/sde && tar -xvf /tmp/sde.tar.xz -C /tmp/sde/
-        sudo mv /tmp/sde/* /opt/sde && sudo ln -s /opt/sde/sde64 /usr/bin/sde
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install -r test_requirements.txt
-        sudo apt install gcc-12 g++-12
-    - name: Build and install NumPy
-      run: |
-        export CC=/usr/bin/gcc-12
-        export CXX=/usr/bin/g++-12
-        python setup.py develop
-    - name: Show config
-      run: |
-        python -c "import numpy as np; np.show_config()"
-    # Run only a few tests, running everything in an SDE takes a long time
-    # Using pytest directly, unable to use python runtests.py -n -t ...
-    - name: Run linalg/ufunc/umath tests
-      run: |
-        python -m pytest numpy/core/tests/test_umath* numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py numpy/linalg/tests/test_*
-        # Can't run on SDE just yet: see https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/23545#issuecomment-1659047365
-        #sde -spr -- python -m pytest numpy/core/tests/test_umath* numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py numpy/linalg/tests/test_*
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d73de33c7640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+name: Linux tests
+
+# This file is meant for testing across supported Python versions, build types
+# and interpreters (PyPy, python-dbg, a pre-release Python in summer time),
+# build-via-sdist, run benchmarks, measure code coverage, and other build
+# options like relaxed-strides.
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      # coverage comparison in the "full" step needs to run on main after merges
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - maintenance/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS: 1
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    if: github.repository == 'numpy/numpy' && github.event_name != 'push'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - name: Install linter requirements
+      run:
+        python -m pip install -r linter_requirements.txt
+    - name: Run linter on PR diff
+      run:
+        python tools/linter.py --branch origin/${{ github.base_ref }}
+
+  smoke_test:
+    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-baseline=none -Dcpu-dispatch=none"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
+
+  basic:
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.9", "pypy3.9-v7.3.12"]
+    env:
+      EXPECT_CPU_FEATURES: "SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE41 POPCNT SSE42 AVX F16C FMA3 AVX2 AVX512F AVX512CD AVX512_KNL AVX512_KNM AVX512_SKX AVX512_CLX AVX512_CNL AVX512_ICL"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    - uses: ./.github/actions
+
+  debug:
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    env:
+      USE_DEBUG: 1
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+
+    - uses: ./.github/actions
+
+  full:
+    # Build a wheel, install it, then run the full test suite with code coverage
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - name: Install build and test dependencies from PyPI
+      run: |
+        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
+        pip install -r test_requirements.txt
+    - name: Install gfortran and OpenBLAS (MacPython build)
+      run: |
+        set -xe
+        sudo apt install gfortran libgfortran5
+        target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py)
+        sudo cp -r $target/lib/* /usr/lib
+        sudo cp $target/include/* /usr/include
+    - name: Build a wheel
+      run: |
+        python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --skip-dependency-check
+        pip install dist/numpy*.whl
+    - name: Run full test suite
+      run: |
+        cd tools
+        pytest --pyargs numpy --cov-report=html:build/coverage
+        # TODO: gcov
+
+  benchmark:
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    env:
+      PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2
+      BLAS: None
+      LAPACK: None
+      ATLAS: None
+      NPY_BLAS_ORDER: mkl,blis,openblas,atlas,blas
+      NPY_LAPACK_ORDER: MKL,OPENBLAS,ATLAS,LAPACK
+      USE_ASV: 1
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - uses: ./.github/actions
+
+  relaxed_strides_debug:
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    env:
+      CHECK_BLAS: 1
+      NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64: 1
+      NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_DEBUG: 1
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - uses: ./.github/actions
+
+  sdist:
+    needs: [smoke_test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - name: Install gfortran and OpenBLAS (MacPython build)
+      run: |
+        set -xe
+        sudo apt install gfortran libgfortran5
+        target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py)
+        sudo cp -r $target/lib/* /usr/lib
+        sudo cp $target/include/* /usr/include
+    - name: Build a wheel via an sdist
+      run: |
+        pip install build
+        python -m build
+        pip install dist/numpy*.whl
+    - name: Install test dependencies
+      run: |
+        pip install -r test_requirements.txt
+        pip install ninja
+    - name: Run test suite
+      run: |
+        cd tools
+        pytest --pyargs numpy -m "not slow"
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux_blas.yml b/.github/workflows/linux_blas.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..699381f6584f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux_blas.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+name: BLAS tests (Linux)
+
+# This file is meant for testing different BLAS/LAPACK flavors and build
+# options on Linux. All other yml files for Linux will only test without BLAS
+# (mostly because that's easier and faster to build) or with the same 64-bit
+# OpenBLAS build that is used in the wheel jobs.
+#
+# Jobs and their purpose:
+#
+#   - openblas64_setuppy:
+#         This job uses the default 64-bit build of OpenBLAS with the
+#         `numpy.distutils`-based build. It can be removed once we remove
+#         support for those builds.
+#   - openblas32_stable_nightly:
+#         Uses the 32-bit OpenBLAS builds, both the latest stable release and a
+#         nightly build.
+#
+# TODO: coverage here is limited, we should add non-OpenBLAS libraries and
+#       exercise the BLAS-related build options (see `meson_options.txt`).
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - maintenance/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+jobs:
+  openblas64_setuppy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
+    env:
+      DOWNLOAD_OPENBLAS: 1
+      NPY_USE_BLAS_ILP64: 1
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - uses: ./.github/actions
+
+  openblas32_stable_nightly:
+    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS: [false, true]
+    env:
+      USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS: ${{ matrix.USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS }}
+    name: "Test Linux (${{ matrix.USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS && 'nightly' || 'stable' }} OpenBLAS)"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
+        # Install OpenBLAS
+        set -xe
+        if [[ $USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS == "true" ]]; then
+          target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py --nightly)
+        else
+          target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py)
+        fi
+        sudo cp -r $target/lib/* /usr/lib
+        sudo cp $target/include/* /usr/include
+
+    - name: Build
+      shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
+      env:
+        TERM: xterm-256color
+      run:
+        spin build -- --werror
+
+    - name: Check build-internal dependencies
+      run:
+        ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+    - name: Check installed test and stub files
+      run:
+        python tools/check_installed_files.py $(find ./build-install -path '*/site-packages/numpy')
+
+    - name: Test
+      shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
+      env:
+        TERM: xterm-256color
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH: "/usr/local/lib/"  # to find libopenblas.so.0
+
+      run: |
+        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
+        spin test -j auto
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux_meson.yml b/.github/workflows/linux_meson.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index ebbd52997e42..000000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/linux_meson.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,355 +0,0 @@
-name: BLAS tests (Linux)
-
-# This file is meant for testing different BLAS/LAPACK flavors and build
-# options on Linux. All other yml files for Linux will only test without BLAS
-# (mostly because that's easier and faster to build) or with the same 64-bit
-# OpenBLAS build that is used in the wheel jobs.
-#
-# Jobs and their purpose:
-#
-#   - openblas32_stable_nightly:
-#         Uses the 32-bit OpenBLAS builds, both the latest stable release
-#         and a nightly build.
-#   - openblas_no_pkgconfig_fedora:
-#         Test OpenBLAS on Fedora. Fedora doesn't ship .pc files for OpenBLAS,
-#         hence this exercises the "system dependency" detection method.
-#   - flexiblas_fedora:
-#         Tests FlexiBLAS (the default on Fedora for its own packages), via
-#         pkg-config. FlexiBLAS allows runtime switching of BLAS/LAPACK
-#         libraries, which is a useful capability (not tested in this job).
-#   - openblas_cmake:
-#         Tests whether OpenBLAS LP64 is detected correctly when only CMake
-#         and not pkg-config is installed.
-#   - netlib:
-#         Installs vanilla blas/lapack, which is the last option tried in
-#         auto-detection.
-#   - mkl:
-#         Tests MKL installed from PyPI (because easiest/fastest, if broken) in
-#         3 ways: both LP64 and ILP64 via pkg-config, and then using the
-#         Single Dynamic Library (SDL, or `libmkl_rt`).
-#   - blis:
-#         Simple test for LP64 via pkg-config
-#   - atlas:
-#         Simple test for LP64 via pkg-config
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - maintenance/**
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
-env:
-  PYTHON_VERSION: 3.11
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
-
-jobs:
-  meson_spin:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS: [false, true]
-    env:
-      USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS: ${{ matrix.USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS }}
-    name: "Test Linux (${{ matrix.USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS && 'nightly' || 'stable' }} OpenBLAS)"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # v4.0.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        # Install OpenBLAS
-        set -xe
-        if [[ $USE_NIGHTLY_OPENBLAS == "true" ]]; then
-          target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py --nightly)
-        else
-          target=$(python tools/openblas_support.py)
-        fi
-        sudo cp -r $target/lib/* /usr/lib
-        sudo cp $target/include/* /usr/include
-    - name: Build
-      shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
-      env:
-        TERM: xterm-256color
-      run:
-        spin build -- --werror
-    - name: Check build-internal dependencies
-      run:
-        ninja -C build -t missingdeps
-    - name: Check installed test and stub files
-      run:
-        python tools/check_installed_files.py $(find ./build-install -path '*/site-packages/numpy')
-    - name: Test
-      shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
-      env:
-        TERM: xterm-256color
-        LD_LIBRARY_PATH: "/usr/local/lib/"  # to find libopenblas.so.0
-      run: |
-        export NPY_RUN_MYPY_IN_TESTSUITE=1
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        spin test -j auto
-
-
-  openblas_no_pkgconfig_fedora:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: fedora:39
-    name: "OpenBLAS (Fedora, no pkg-config, LP64/ILP64)"
-    steps:
-    - name: Install system dependencies
-      run: |
-        dnf install git gcc-gfortran g++ python3-devel openblas-devel -y
-
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest hypothesis typing_extensions
-
-    - name: Build (LP64)
-      run: spin build -- -Dblas=openblas -Dlapack=openblas -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-    - name: Build (ILP64)
-      run: |
-        rm -rf build
-        spin build -- -Duse-ilp64=true -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-
-  flexiblas_fedora:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: fedora:39
-    name: "FlexiBLAS (LP64, ILP64 on Fedora)"
-    steps:
-    - name: Install system dependencies
-      run: |
-        dnf install git gcc-gfortran g++ python3-devel flexiblas-devel -y
-
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest hypothesis typing_extensions
-
-    - name: Build
-      run: spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-    - name: Build (ILP64)
-      run: |
-        rm -rf build
-        spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true -Duse-ilp64=true
-
-    - name: Test (ILP64)
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-
-  openblas_cmake:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: "OpenBLAS with CMake"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev cmake
-        sudo apt-get remove pkg-config
-
-    - name: Build
-      run: spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -j auto -- numpy/linalg
-
- 
-  netlib:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: "Netlib BLAS/LAPACK"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        sudo apt-get install liblapack-dev pkg-config
-
-    - name: Build
-      run: |
-        spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: |
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        spin test -j auto -- numpy/linalg
-
-
-  mkl:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: "MKL (LP64, ILP64, SDL)"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        pip install mkl mkl-devel
-
-    - name: Repair MKL pkg-config files and symlinks
-      run: |
-        # MKL 2023.2 works when installed from conda-forge (except for `-iomp`
-        # and `-tbb` pkg-config files), Spack, or with the standalone Intel
-        # installer. The standalone installer is the worst option, since it's
-        # large and clumsy to install and requires running a setvars.sh script
-        # before things work. The PyPI MKL packages are broken and need the
-        # fixes in this step. For details, see
-        # https://github.com/conda-forge/intel_repack-feedstock/issues/34
-        cd $Python3_ROOT_DIR/lib/pkgconfig
-        sed -i 's/\/intel64//g' mkl*.pc
-        # add the expected .so -> .so.2 symlinks to fix linking
-        cd ..
-        for i in $( ls libmkl*.so.2 ); do ln -s $i ${i%.*}; done
-
-    - name: Build with defaults (LP64)
-      run: |
-        pkg-config --libs mkl-dynamic-lp64-seq  # check link flags
-        spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-    - name: Build with ILP64
-      run: |
-        git clean -xdf > /dev/null
-        pkg-config --libs mkl-dynamic-ilp64-seq
-        spin build -- -Duse-ilp64=true -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-    - name: Build without pkg-config (default options, SDL)
-      run: |
-        git clean -xdf > /dev/null
-        pushd $Python3_ROOT_DIR/lib/pkgconfig
-        rm mkl*.pc
-        popd
-        export MKLROOT=$Python3_ROOT_DIR
-        spin build -- -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-  blis:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: "BLIS"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        sudo apt-get install libblis-dev libopenblas-dev pkg-config
-
-    - name: Add BLIS pkg-config file
-      run: |
-        # Needed because blis.pc missing in Debian:
-        # https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=989076
-        # The alternative here would be to use another distro or Miniforge
-        sudo cp tools/ci/_blis_debian.pc /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/blis.pc
-        # Check if the patch works:
-        pkg-config --libs blis
-        pkg-config --cflags blis
-
-    - name: Build
-      run: spin build -- -Dblas=blis -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
-  atlas:
-    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: "ATLAS"
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608 # v4.1.0
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
-        pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
-        sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev pkg-config
-
-    - name: Build
-      run: spin build -- -Dblas=blas-atlas -Dlapack=lapack-atlas -Ddisable-optimization=true
-
-    - name: Test
-      run: spin test -- numpy/linalg
-
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux_simd.yml b/.github/workflows/linux_simd.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8b694124d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux_simd.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+name: Linux SIMD tests
+
+# This file is meant for testing different SIMD-related build options and
+# optimization levels. See `meson_options.txt` for the available build options.
+#
+# Jobs and their purposes:
+#
+# - baseline_only:
+#   Focuses on completing as quickly as possible and acts as a filter for other, more resource-intensive jobs.
+#   Utilizes only the default baseline targets (e.g., SSE3 on X86_64) without enabling any runtime dispatched features.
+#
+# - old_gcc:
+#   Tests the oldest supported GCC version with default CPU/baseline/dispatch settings.
+#
+# - without_optimizations:
+#   Completely disables all SIMD optimizations and other compiler optimizations such as loop unrolling.
+#
+# - native:
+#   Tests against the host CPU features set as the baseline without enabling any runtime dispatched features.
+#   Intended to assess the entire NumPy codebase against host flags, even for code sections lacking handwritten SIMD intrincis.
+#
+# - without_avx512/avx2/fma3:
+#   Uses runtime SIMD dispatching but disables AVX2, FMA3, and AVX512.
+#   Intended to evaluate 128-bit SIMD extensions without FMA support.
+#
+# - without_avx512:
+#   Uses runtime SIMD dispatching but disables AVX512.
+#   Intended to evaluate 128-bit/256-bit SIMD extensions.
+#
+# - intel_sde:
+#   Executes only the SIMD tests for various AVX512 SIMD extensions under the Intel Software Development Emulator (SDE).
+#
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - maintenance/**
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: 'script -q -e -c "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"'
+
+env:
+  TERM: xterm-256color
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+jobs:
+  baseline_only:
+    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=none"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@65d7f2d534ac1bc67fcd62888c5f4f3d2cb2b236 # v4.7.1
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
+      name: Build/Test
+
+  old_gcc:
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    needs: [baseline_only]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      MESON_ARGS: "-Dallow-noblas=true"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@65d7f2d534ac1bc67fcd62888c5f4f3d2cb2b236 # v4.7.1
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+
+    - name: Install GCC/8/9
+      run: |
+        echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main universe" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/focal.list
+        sudo apt update
+        sudo apt install -y g++-8 g++-9
+
+    - name: Enable gcc-8
+      run: |
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-8 1
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-8 1
+
+    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
+      name: Build/Test against gcc-8
+
+    - name: Enable gcc-9
+      run: |
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 2
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-9 2
+
+    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
+      name: Build/Test against gcc-9
+
+  specialize:
+    needs: [baseline_only]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
+    continue-on-error: true
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        BUILD_PROP:
+          #- [
+            #"without optimizations",
+            #"-Dallow-noblas=true -Ddisable-optimization=true",
+            #"3.12"
+          #]
+          - [
+            "native",
+            "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-baseline=native -Dcpu-dispatch=none",
+            "3.11"
+          ]
+          - [
+            "without avx512",
+            "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=SSSE3,SSE41,POPCNT,SSE42,AVX,F16C,AVX2,FMA3",
+            "3.10"
+          ]
+          - [
+            "without avx512/avx2/fma3",
+            "-Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-dispatch=SSSE3,SSE41,POPCNT,SSE42,AVX,F16C",
+            "3.9"
+          ]
+
+    env:
+      MESON_ARGS: ${{ matrix.BUILD_PROP[1] }}
+
+    name: "${{ matrix.BUILD_PROP[0] }}"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@65d7f2d534ac1bc67fcd62888c5f4f3d2cb2b236 # v4.7.1
+      with:
+        python-version: "${{ matrix.BUILD_PROP[2] }}"
+    - uses: ./.github/meson_actions
+      name: Build/Test
+
+  intel_sde:
+    needs: [baseline_only]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@65d7f2d534ac1bc67fcd62888c5f4f3d2cb2b236 # v4.7.1
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+
+    - name: Install Intel SDE
+      run: |
+        curl -o /tmp/sde.tar.xz https://downloadmirror.intel.com/784319/sde-external-9.24.0-2023-07-13-lin.tar.xz
+        mkdir /tmp/sde && tar -xvf /tmp/sde.tar.xz -C /tmp/sde/
+        sudo mv /tmp/sde/* /opt/sde && sudo ln -s /opt/sde/sde64 /usr/bin/sde
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        sudo apt update
+        sudo apt install -y g++-13
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-13 1
+        sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-13 1
+        python -m pip install -r build_requirements.txt
+        python -m pip install pytest pytest-xdist hypothesis typing_extensions
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: spin build -- -Dallow-noblas=true -Dcpu-baseline=avx512f -Dtest-simd='BASELINE,AVX512_KNL,AVX512_KNM,AVX512_SKX,AVX512_CLX,AVX512_CNL,AVX512_ICL,AVX512_SPR'
+
+    - name: Meson Log
+      if: always()
+      run: cat build/meson-logs/meson-log.txt
+
+    - name: SIMD tests (KNM)
+      run: |
+        export NUMPY_SITE=$(realpath build-install/usr/lib/python*/site-packages/)
+        export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:$NUMPY_SITE"
+        cd build-install &&
+        sde -knm -- python -c "import numpy; numpy.show_config()" &&
+        sde -knm -- python -m pytest $NUMPY_SITE/numpy/core/tests/test_simd*
+
+    - name: SIMD tests (SPR)
+      run: |
+        export NUMPY_SITE=$(realpath build-install/usr/lib/python*/site-packages/)
+        export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:$NUMPY_SITE"
+        cd build-install &&
+        sde -spr -- python -c "import numpy; numpy.show_config()" &&
+        sde -spr -- python -m pytest $NUMPY_SITE/numpy/core/tests/test_simd*
+
+    # Can't run on SDE just yet: see https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/23545#issuecomment-1659047365
+    #
+    #- name: linalg/ufunc/umath tests (SPR)
+    #  run: |
+    #    export NUMPY_SITE=$(realpath build-install/usr/lib/python*/site-packages/)
+    #    export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:$NUMPY_SITE"
+    #    cd build-install &&
+    #    sde -spr -- python -c "import numpy; numpy.show_config()" &&
+    #    sde -spr -- python -m pytest $NUMPY_SITE/numpy/core/tests/test_umath* \
+    #                                 $NUMPY_SITE/numpy/core/tests/test_ufunc.py \
+    #                                 $NUMPY_SITE/numpy/linalg/tests/test_*
+
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c89b8e11ec95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+name: Run MyPy
+
+# Mypy is too slow to run as part of regular CI. The purpose of the jobs in
+# this file is to cover running Mypy across:
+#
+#   - OSes: Linux, Windows and macOS
+#   - Python versions: lowest/highest supported versions, and an intermediate one
+#
+# The build matrix aims for sparse coverage across those two dimensions.
+# Use of BLAS/LAPACK and SIMD is disabled on purpose, because those things
+# don't matter for static typing and this speeds up the builds.
+#
+# This is a separate job file so it's easy to trigger by hand.
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - maintenance/**
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'benchmarks/'
+      - '.circlecl/'
+      - 'docs/'
+      - 'meson_cpu/'
+      - 'tools/'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
+
+jobs:
+  mypy:
+    if: "github.repository == 'numpy/numpy'"
+    name: "MyPy"
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os_python[0] }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os_python:
+          - [ubuntu-latest, '3.10']  # switch to 3.12-dev after mypy is upgraded (see gh-23764)
+          - [windows-2019, '3.11']
+          - [macos-12, '3.9']
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # v3.5.3
+      with:
+        submodules: recursive
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # v4.7.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.os_python[1] }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        pip install -r build_requirements.txt
+        pip install -r test_requirements.txt
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        spin build -j2 -- -Dallow-noblas=true -Ddisable-optimization=true --vsenv
+    - name: Run Mypy
+      run: |
+        spin mypy
diff --git a/numpy/typing/tests/data/reveal/warnings_and_errors.pyi b/numpy/typing/tests/data/reveal/warnings_and_errors.pyi
index 16492c2fb41b..b026e4f6e3b0 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/tests/data/reveal/warnings_and_errors.pyi
+++ b/numpy/typing/tests/data/reveal/warnings_and_errors.pyi
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import numpy as np
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
     from typing import assert_type
 else:
-    from typing_nptensions import assert_type
+    from typing_extensions import assert_type
 
 assert_type(np.ModuleDeprecationWarning(), np.ModuleDeprecationWarning)
 assert_type(np.VisibleDeprecationWarning(), np.VisibleDeprecationWarning)
diff --git a/numpy/typing/tests/test_typing.py b/numpy/typing/tests/test_typing.py
index cd009bb6e7f2..68c6f5d03fab 100644
--- a/numpy/typing/tests/test_typing.py
+++ b/numpy/typing/tests/test_typing.py
@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@
 )
 
 
+# Only trigger a full `mypy` run if this environment variable is set
+# Note that these tests tend to take over a minute even on a macOS M1 CPU,
+# and more than that in CI.
+RUN_MYPY = "NPY_RUN_MYPY_IN_TESTSUITE" in os.environ
+if RUN_MYPY and RUN_MYPY not in ('0', '', 'false'):
+    RUN_MYPY = True
+
+# Skips all functions in this file
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not RUN_MYPY,
+    reason="`NPY_RUN_MYPY_IN_TESTSUITE` not set"
+)
+
+
 try:
     from mypy import api
 except ImportError:
diff --git a/vendored-meson/meson b/vendored-meson/meson
index 66ba7dbbfe28..ea5809096404 160000
--- a/vendored-meson/meson
+++ b/vendored-meson/meson
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 66ba7dbbfe2838983f65ad8fe16da1535ebf5b9d
+Subproject commit ea580909640457450e03d8b84d1fec9f035d7acb