os.chdir(<path>) # Changes the current working directory.

os.mkdir(<path>, mode=0o777) # Creates a directory. Permissions are in octal.

>>> logger.addHandler(handler)

>>> logger.critical('Running out of disk space.')

CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.

2023-02-07 23:21:01,430 CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.

<Surf> = pg.display.set_mode((width, height)) # Opens new window and returns its surface.

<Surf> = pg.Surface((width, height)) # New RGB surface. RGBA if `flags=pg.SRCALPHA`.

<Surf> = pg.image.load(<path/file>) # Loads the image. Format depends on source.

<Surf> = <Surf>.subsurface(<Rect>) # Returns a subsurface.

<Surf>.fill(color) # Tuple, Color('#rrggbb[aa]') or Color(<name>).

<Surf>.blit(<Surf>, (x, y)) # Draws passed surface to the surface.

<dict> = <DF>.to_dict(['d/l/s/…']) # Returns columns as dicts, lists or series.

<str> = <DF>.to_json/html/csv([<path>]) # Also to_markdown/latex([<path>]).

<DF>.to_sql('<table_name>', <connection>) # Accepts SQLite3 or SQLAlchemy connection.

<header>

<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>

</header>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">os.chdir(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Changes the current working directory.</span>

os.mkdir(&lt;path&gt;, mode=<span class="hljs-number">0o777</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates a directory. Permissions are in octal.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">shutil.copy(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the file. 'to' can exist or be a dir.</span>

shutil.copytree(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the directory. 'to' must not exist.</span>

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>logger.addHandler(handler)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>logger.critical(<span class="hljs-string">'Running out of disk space.'</span>)

CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.

2023-02-07 23:21:01,430 CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.

<div><h3 id="surface">Surface</h3><p><strong>Object for representing images.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Surf&gt; = pg.display.set_mode((width, height)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Opens new window and returns its surface.</span>

&lt;Surf&gt; = pg.Surface((width, height)) <span class="hljs-comment"># New RGB surface. RGBA if `flags=pg.SRCALPHA`.</span>

&lt;Surf&gt; = pg.image.load(&lt;path/file&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Loads the image. Format depends on source.</span>

&lt;Surf&gt; = &lt;Surf&gt;.subsurface(&lt;Rect&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns a subsurface.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Surf&gt;.fill(color) <span class="hljs-comment"># Tuple, Color('#rrggbb[aa]') or Color(&lt;name&gt;).</span>

&lt;Surf&gt;.blit(&lt;Surf&gt;, (x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Draws passed surface to the surface.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pygame.transform <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> scale, ...

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;dict&gt; = &lt;DF&gt;.to_dict([<span class="hljs-string">'d/l/s/…'</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns columns as dicts, lists or series.</span>

&lt;str&gt; = &lt;DF&gt;.to_json/html/csv([&lt;path&gt;]) <span class="hljs-comment"># Also to_markdown/latex([&lt;path&gt;]).</span>

&lt;DF&gt;.to_sql(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;table_name&gt;'</span>, &lt;connection&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Accepts SQLite3 or SQLAlchemy connection.</span>

<div><h3 id="groupby">GroupBy</h3><p><strong>Object that groups together rows of a dataframe based on the value of the passed column.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>df = pd.DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>]], list(<span class="hljs-string">'abc'</span>), list(<span class="hljs-string">'xyz'</span>))

<footer>

<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>

</footer>

'<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>logger.addHandler(handler)\n' +

'<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>logger.critical(<span class="hljs-string">\'Running out of disk space.\'</span>)\n' +

'CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.\n' +

'2023-02-07 23:21:01,430 CRITICAL:my_module:Running out of disk space.\n';

const AUDIO =