"""An FTP client class and some helper functions.

Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds

Example:

>>> from ftplib import FTP

>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port

>>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd anonymous@

'230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.'

>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents

total 9

drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .

drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc

d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming

drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib

drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub

drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg

'226 Transfer complete.'

>>> ftp.quit()

'221 Goodbye.'

>>>

A nice test that reveals some of the network dialogue would be:

python ftplib.py -d localhost -l -p -l

"""

#

# Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski.

# Modified by Jack to work on the mac.

# Modified by Siebren to support docstrings and PASV.

# Modified by Phil Schwartz to add storbinary and storlines callbacks.

#

import os

import sys

# Import SOCKS module if it exists, else standard socket module socket

try:

import SOCKS; socket = SOCKS; del SOCKS # import SOCKS as socket

from socket import getfqdn; socket.getfqdn = getfqdn; del getfqdn

except ImportError:

import socket

from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT

__all__ = ["FTP","Netrc"]

# Magic number from <socket.h>

MSG_OOB = 0x1 # Process data out of band

# The standard FTP server control port

FTP_PORT = 21

# Exception raised when an error or invalid response is received

class Error(Exception): pass

class error_reply(Error): pass # unexpected [123]xx reply

class error_temp(Error): pass # 4xx errors

class error_perm(Error): pass # 5xx errors

class error_proto(Error): pass # response does not begin with [1-5]

# All exceptions (hopefully) that may be raised here and that aren't

# (always) programming errors on our side

all_errors = (Error, IOError, EOFError)

# Line terminators (we always output CRLF, but accept any of CRLF, CR, LF)

CRLF = '\r\n'

B_CRLF = b'\r\n'

# The class itself

class FTP:

'''An FTP client class.

To create a connection, call the class using these arguments:

host, user, passwd, acct, timeout

The first four arguments are all strings, and have default value ''.

timeout must be numeric and defaults to None if not passed,

meaning that no timeout will be set on any ftp socket(s)

If a timeout is passed, then this is now the default timeout for all ftp

socket operations for this instance.

Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument.

To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),

or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.

To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(),

which have an open file as argument (see their definitions

below for details).

The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE

and PORT or PASV commands.

'''

debugging = 0

host = ''

port = FTP_PORT

sock = None

file = None

welcome = None

passiveserver = 1

encoding = "latin1"

# Initialization method (called by class instantiation).

# Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port

# Optional arguments are host (for connect()),

# and user, passwd, acct (for login())

def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct='',

timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):

self.timeout = timeout

if host:

self.connect(host)

if user:

self.login(user, passwd, acct)

def connect(self, host='', port=0, timeout=-999):

'''Connect to host. Arguments are:

- host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host)

- port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port)

'''

if host != '':

self.host = host

if port > 0:

self.port = port

if timeout != -999:

self.timeout = timeout

self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout)

self.af = self.sock.family

self.file = self.sock.makefile('r', encoding=self.encoding)

self.welcome = self.getresp()

return self.welcome

def getwelcome(self):

'''Get the welcome message from the server.

(this is read and squirreled away by connect())'''

if self.debugging:

print('*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome))

return self.welcome

def set_debuglevel(self, level):

'''Set the debugging level.

The required argument level means:

0: no debugging output (default)

1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.

2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF'''

self.debugging = level

debug = set_debuglevel

def set_pasv(self, val):

'''Use passive or active mode for data transfers.

With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode,

With a true argument, use the PASV command.'''

self.passiveserver = val

# Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing

def sanitize(self, s):

if s[:5] == 'pass ' or s[:5] == 'PASS ':

i = len(s)

while i > 5 and s[i-1] in '\r\n':

i = i-1

s = s[:5] + '*'*(i-5) + s[i:]

return repr(s)

# Internal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF

def putline(self, line):

line = line + CRLF

if self.debugging > 1: print('*put*', self.sanitize(line))

self.sock.sendall(line.encode(self.encoding))

# Internal: send one command to the server (through putline())

def putcmd(self, line):

if self.debugging: print('*cmd*', self.sanitize(line))

self.putline(line)

# Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF.

# Raise EOFError if the connection is closed

def getline(self):

line = self.file.readline()

if self.debugging > 1:

print('*get*', self.sanitize(line))

if not line: raise EOFError

if line[-2:] == CRLF: line = line[:-2]

elif line[-1:] in CRLF: line = line[:-1]

return line

# Internal: get a response from the server, which may possibly

# consist of multiple lines. Return a single string with no

# trailing CRLF. If the response consists of multiple lines,

# these are separated by '\n' characters in the string

def getmultiline(self):

line = self.getline()

if line[3:4] == '-':

code = line[:3]

while 1:

nextline = self.getline()

line = line + ('\n' + nextline)

if nextline[:3] == code and \

nextline[3:4] != '-':

break

return line

# Internal: get a response from the server.

# Raise various errors if the response indicates an error

def getresp(self):

resp = self.getmultiline()

if self.debugging: print('*resp*', self.sanitize(resp))

self.lastresp = resp[:3]

c = resp[:1]

if c in ('1', '2', '3'):

return resp

if c == '4':

raise error_temp(resp)

if c == '5':

raise error_perm(resp)

raise error_proto(resp)

def voidresp(self):

"""Expect a response beginning with '2'."""

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[0] != '2':

raise error_reply(resp)

return resp

def abort(self):

'''Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data.

This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet

IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've

tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.'''

line = 'ABOR' + CRLF

if self.debugging > 1: print('*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line))

self.sock.sendall(line, MSG_OOB)

resp = self.getmultiline()

if resp[:3] not in ('426', '226'):

raise error_proto(resp)

def sendcmd(self, cmd):

'''Send a command and return the response.'''

self.putcmd(cmd)

return self.getresp()

def voidcmd(self, cmd):

"""Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'."""

self.putcmd(cmd)

return self.voidresp()

def sendport(self, host, port):

'''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given

port number.

'''

hbytes = host.split('.')

pbytes = [repr(port//256), repr(port%256)]

bytes = hbytes + pbytes

cmd = 'PORT ' + ','.join(bytes)

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def sendeprt(self, host, port):

'''Send a EPRT command with the current host and the given port number.'''

af = 0

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

af = 1

if self.af == socket.AF_INET6:

af = 2

if af == 0:

raise error_proto('unsupported address family')

fields = ['', repr(af), host, repr(port), '']

cmd = 'EPRT ' + '|'.join(fields)

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def makeport(self):

'''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.'''

msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list"

sock = None

for res in socket.getaddrinfo(None, 0, self.af, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):

af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res

try:

sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)

sock.bind(sa)

except socket.error as msg:

if sock:

sock.close()

sock = None

continue

break

if not sock:

raise socket.error(msg)

sock.listen(1)

port = sock.getsockname()[1] # Get proper port

host = self.sock.getsockname()[0] # Get proper host

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

resp = self.sendport(host, port)

else:

resp = self.sendeprt(host, port)

return sock

def makepasv(self):

if self.af == socket.AF_INET:

host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))

else:

host, port = parse229(self.sendcmd('EPSV'), self.sock.getpeername())

return host, port

def ntransfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):

"""Initiate a transfer over the data connection.

If the transfer is active, send a port command and the

transfer command, and accept the connection. If the server is

passive, send a pasv command, connect to it, and start the

transfer command. Either way, return the socket for the

connection and the expected size of the transfer. The

expected size may be None if it could not be determined.

Optional `rest' argument can be a string that is sent as the

argument to a REST command. This is essentially a server

marker used to tell the server to skip over any data up to the

given marker.

"""

size = None

if self.passiveserver:

host, port = self.makepasv()

conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), self.timeout)

if rest is not None:

self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)

resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)

# Some servers apparently send a 200 reply to

# a LIST or STOR command, before the 150 reply

# (and way before the 226 reply). This seems to

# be in violation of the protocol (which only allows

# 1xx or error messages for LIST), so we just discard

# this response.

if resp[0] == '2':

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[0] != '1':

raise error_reply(resp)

else:

sock = self.makeport()

if rest is not None:

self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)

resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)

# See above.

if resp[0] == '2':

resp = self.getresp()

if resp[0] != '1':

raise error_reply(resp)

conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()

if resp[:3] == '150':

# this is conditional in case we received a 125

size = parse150(resp)

return conn, size

def transfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):

"""Like ntransfercmd() but returns only the socket."""

return self.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)[0]

def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):

'''Login, default anonymous.'''

if not user: user = 'anonymous'

if not passwd: passwd = ''

if not acct: acct = ''

if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in ('', '-'):

# If there is no anonymous ftp password specified

# then we'll just use anonymous@

# We don't send any other thing because:

# - We want to remain anonymous

# - We want to stop SPAM

# - We don't want to let ftp sites to discriminate by the user,

# host or country.

passwd = passwd + 'anonymous@'

resp = self.sendcmd('USER ' + user)

if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)

if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)

if resp[0] != '2':

raise error_reply(resp)

return resp

def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None):

"""Retrieve data in binary mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A RETR command.

callback: A single parameter callable to be called on each

block of data read.

blocksize: The maximum number of bytes to read from the

socket at one time. [default: 8192]

rest: Passed to transfercmd(). [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE I')

conn = self.transfercmd(cmd, rest)

while 1:

data = conn.recv(blocksize)

if not data:

break

callback(data)

conn.close()

return self.voidresp()

def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):

"""Retrieve data in line mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A RETR, LIST, NLST, or MLSD command.

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called

for each line with the trailing CRLF stripped.

[default: print_line()]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

if callback is None: callback = print_line

resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')

conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)

fp = conn.makefile('r', encoding=self.encoding)

while 1:

line = fp.readline()

if self.debugging > 2: print('*retr*', repr(line))

if not line:

break

if line[-2:] == CRLF:

line = line[:-2]

elif line[-1:] == '\n':

line = line[:-1]

callback(line)

fp.close()

conn.close()

return self.voidresp()

def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None):

"""Store a file in binary mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A STOR command.

fp: A file-like object with a read(num_bytes) method.

blocksize: The maximum data size to read from fp and send over

the connection at once. [default: 8192]

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on

on each block of data after it is sent. [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE I')

conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)

while 1:

buf = fp.read(blocksize)

if not buf: break

conn.sendall(buf)

if callback: callback(buf)

conn.close()

return self.voidresp()

def storlines(self, cmd, fp, callback=None):

"""Store a file in line mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A STOR command.

fp: A file-like object with a readline() method.

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called on

on each line after it is sent. [default: None]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

self.voidcmd('TYPE A')

conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)

while 1:

buf = fp.readline()

if not buf: break

if buf[-2:] != B_CRLF:

if buf[-1] in B_CRLF: buf = buf[:-1]

buf = buf + B_CRLF

conn.sendall(buf)

if callback: callback(buf)

conn.close()

return self.voidresp()

def acct(self, password):

'''Send new account name.'''

cmd = 'ACCT ' + password

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def nlst(self, *args):

'''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''

cmd = 'NLST'

for arg in args:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

files = []

self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)

return files

def dir(self, *args):

'''List a directory in long form.

By default list current directory to stdout.

Optional last argument is callback function; all

non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the

LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''

cmd = 'LIST'

func = None

if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''):

args, func = args[:-1], args[-1]

for arg in args:

if arg:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

self.retrlines(cmd, func)

def rename(self, fromname, toname):

'''Rename a file.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)

if resp[0] != '3':

raise error_reply(resp)

return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)

def delete(self, filename):

'''Delete a file.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename)

if resp[:3] in ('250', '200'):

return resp

elif resp[:1] == '5':

raise error_perm(resp)

else:

raise error_reply(resp)

def cwd(self, dirname):

'''Change to a directory.'''

if dirname == '..':

try:

return self.voidcmd('CDUP')

except error_perm as msg:

if msg.args[0][:3] != '500':

raise

elif dirname == '':

dirname = '.' # does nothing, but could return error

cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname

return self.voidcmd(cmd)

def size(self, filename):

'''Retrieve the size of a file.'''

# The SIZE command is defined in RFC-3659

resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename)

if resp[:3] == '213':

s = resp[3:].strip()

try:

return int(s)

except (OverflowError, ValueError):

return int(s)

def mkd(self, dirname):

'''Make a directory, return its full pathname.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('MKD ' + dirname)

return parse257(resp)

def rmd(self, dirname):

'''Remove a directory.'''

return self.voidcmd('RMD ' + dirname)

def pwd(self):

'''Return current working directory.'''

resp = self.sendcmd('PWD')

return parse257(resp)

def quit(self):

'''Quit, and close the connection.'''

resp = self.voidcmd('QUIT')

self.close()

return resp

def close(self):

'''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.'''

if self.file:

self.file.close()

self.sock.close()

self.file = self.sock = None

_150_re = None

def parse150(resp):

'''Parse the '150' response for a RETR request.

Returns the expected transfer size or None; size is not guaranteed to

be present in the 150 message.

'''

if resp[:3] != '150':

raise error_reply(resp)

global _150_re

if _150_re is None:

import re

_150_re = re.compile(

"150 .* \((\d+) bytes\)", re.IGNORECASE | re.ASCII)

m = _150_re.match(resp)

if not m:

return None

s = m.group(1)

try:

return int(s)

except (OverflowError, ValueError):

return int(s)

_227_re = None

def parse227(resp):

'''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request.

Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'

Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''

if resp[:3] != '227':

raise error_reply(resp)

global _227_re

if _227_re is None:

import re

_227_re = re.compile(r'(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)', re.ASCII)

m = _227_re.search(resp)

if not m:

raise error_proto(resp)

numbers = m.groups()

host = '.'.join(numbers[:4])

port = (int(numbers[4]) << 8) + int(numbers[5])

return host, port

def parse229(resp, peer):

'''Parse the '229' response for a EPSV request.

Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(|||port|)'

Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''

if resp[:3] != '229':

raise error_reply(resp)

left = resp.find('(')

if left < 0: raise error_proto(resp)

right = resp.find(')', left + 1)

if right < 0:

raise error_proto(resp) # should contain '(|||port|)'

if resp[left + 1] != resp[right - 1]:

raise error_proto(resp)

parts = resp[left + 1:right].split(resp[left+1])

if len(parts) != 5:

raise error_proto(resp)

host = peer[0]

port = int(parts[3])

return host, port

def parse257(resp):

'''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or PWD request.

This is a response to a MKD or PWD request: a directory name.

Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''

if resp[:3] != '257':

raise error_reply(resp)

if resp[3:5] != ' "':

return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this

dirname = ''

i = 5

n = len(resp)

while i < n:

c = resp[i]

i = i+1

if c == '"':

if i >= n or resp[i] != '"':

break

i = i+1

dirname = dirname + c

return dirname

def print_line(line):

'''Default retrlines callback to print a line.'''

print(line)

def ftpcp(source, sourcename, target, targetname = '', type = 'I'):

'''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.'''

if not targetname: targetname = sourcename

type = 'TYPE ' + type

source.voidcmd(type)

target.voidcmd(type)

sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV'))

target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport)

# RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the

# transfer request.

# So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user".

treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname)

if treply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959

sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename)

if sreply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959

source.voidresp()

target.voidresp()

class Netrc:

"""Class to parse & provide access to 'netrc' format files.

See the netrc(4) man page for information on the file format.

WARNING: This class is obsolete -- use module netrc instead.

"""

__defuser = None

__defpasswd = None

__defacct = None

def __init__(self, filename=None):

if filename is None:

if "HOME" in os.environ:

filename = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"],

".netrc")

else:

raise IOError("specify file to load or set $HOME")

self.__hosts = {}

self.__macros = {}

fp = open(filename, "r")

in_macro = 0

while 1:

line = fp.readline()

if not line: break

if in_macro and line.strip():

macro_lines.append(line)

continue

elif in_macro:

self.__macros[macro_name] = tuple(macro_lines)

in_macro = 0

words = line.split()

host = user = passwd = acct = None

default = 0

i = 0

while i < len(words):

w1 = words[i]

if i+1 < len(words):

w2 = words[i + 1]

else:

w2 = None

if w1 == 'default':

default = 1

elif w1 == 'machine' and w2:

host = w2.lower()

i = i + 1

elif w1 == 'login' and w2:

user = w2

i = i + 1

elif w1 == 'password' and w2:

passwd = w2

i = i + 1

elif w1 == 'account' and w2:

acct = w2

i = i + 1

elif w1 == 'macdef' and w2:

macro_name = w2

macro_lines = []

in_macro = 1

break

i = i + 1

if default:

self.__defuser = user or self.__defuser

self.__defpasswd = passwd or self.__defpasswd

self.__defacct = acct or self.__defacct

if host:

if host in self.__hosts:

ouser, opasswd, oacct = \

self.__hosts[host]

user = user or ouser

passwd = passwd or opasswd

acct = acct or oacct

self.__hosts[host] = user, passwd, acct

fp.close()

def get_hosts(self):

"""Return a list of hosts mentioned in the .netrc file."""

return self.__hosts.keys()

def get_account(self, host):

"""Returns login information for the named host.

The return value is a triple containing userid,

password, and the accounting field.

"""

host = host.lower()

user = passwd = acct = None

if host in self.__hosts:

user, passwd, acct = self.__hosts[host]

user = user or self.__defuser

passwd = passwd or self.__defpasswd

acct = acct or self.__defacct

return user, passwd, acct

def get_macros(self):

"""Return a list of all defined macro names."""

return self.__macros.keys()

def get_macro(self, macro):

"""Return a sequence of lines which define a named macro."""

return self.__macros[macro]

def test():

'''Test program.

Usage: ftp [-d] [-r[file]] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ...

-d dir

-l list

-p password

'''

if len(sys.argv) < 2:

print(test.__doc__)

sys.exit(0)

debugging = 0

rcfile = None

while sys.argv[1] == '-d':

debugging = debugging+1

del sys.argv[1]

if sys.argv[1][:2] == '-r':

# get name of alternate ~/.netrc file:

rcfile = sys.argv[1][2:]

del sys.argv[1]

host = sys.argv[1]

ftp = FTP(host)

ftp.set_debuglevel(debugging)

userid = passwd = acct = ''

try:

netrc = Netrc(rcfile)

except IOError:

if rcfile is not None:

sys.stderr.write("Could not open account file"

" -- using anonymous login.")

else:

try:

userid, passwd, acct = netrc.get_account(host)

except KeyError:

# no account for host

sys.stderr.write(

"No account -- using anonymous login.")

ftp.login(userid, passwd, acct)

for file in sys.argv[2:]:

if file[:2] == '-l':

ftp.dir(file[2:])

elif file[:2] == '-d':

cmd = 'CWD'

if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:]

resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd)

elif file == '-p':

ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver)

else:

ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \

sys.stdout.write, 1024)

ftp.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':

test()