"""Functions that read and write gzipped files.

The user of the file doesn't have to worry about the compression,

but random access is not allowed."""

# based on Andrew Kuchling's minigzip.py distributed with the zlib module

import _compression

import builtins

import io

import os

import struct

import sys

import time

import weakref

import zlib

__all__ = ["BadGzipFile", "GzipFile", "open", "compress", "decompress"]

FTEXT, FHCRC, FEXTRA, FNAME, FCOMMENT = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

READ = 'rb'

WRITE = 'wb'

_COMPRESS_LEVEL_FAST = 1

_COMPRESS_LEVEL_TRADEOFF = 6

_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST = 9

READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024

_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE = 4 * io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

def open(filename, mode="rb", compresslevel=_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST,

encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):

"""Open a gzip-compressed file in binary or text mode.

The filename argument can be an actual filename (a str or bytes object), or

an existing file object to read from or write to.

The mode argument can be "r", "rb", "w", "wb", "x", "xb", "a" or "ab" for

binary mode, or "rt", "wt", "xt" or "at" for text mode. The default mode is

"rb", and the default compresslevel is 9.

For binary mode, this function is equivalent to the GzipFile constructor:

GzipFile(filename, mode, compresslevel). In this case, the encoding, errors

and newline arguments must not be provided.

For text mode, a GzipFile object is created, and wrapped in an

io.TextIOWrapper instance with the specified encoding, error handling

behavior, and line ending(s).

"""

if "t" in mode:

if "b" in mode:

raise ValueError("Invalid mode: %r" % (mode,))

else:

if encoding is not None:

raise ValueError("Argument 'encoding' not supported in binary mode")

if errors is not None:

raise ValueError("Argument 'errors' not supported in binary mode")

if newline is not None:

raise ValueError("Argument 'newline' not supported in binary mode")

gz_mode = mode.replace("t", "")

if isinstance(filename, (str, bytes, os.PathLike)):

binary_file = GzipFile(filename, gz_mode, compresslevel)

elif hasattr(filename, "read") or hasattr(filename, "write"):

binary_file = GzipFile(None, gz_mode, compresslevel, filename)

else:

raise TypeError("filename must be a str or bytes object, or a file")

if "t" in mode:

encoding = io.text_encoding(encoding)

return io.TextIOWrapper(binary_file, encoding, errors, newline)

else:

return binary_file

def write32u(output, value):

# The L format writes the bit pattern correctly whether signed

# or unsigned.

output.write(struct.pack("<L", value))

class _PaddedFile:

"""Minimal read-only file object that prepends a string to the contents

of an actual file. Shouldn't be used outside of gzip.py, as it lacks

essential functionality."""

def __init__(self, f, prepend=b''):

self._buffer = prepend

self._length = len(prepend)

self.file = f

self._read = 0

def read(self, size):

if self._read is None:

return self.file.read(size)

if self._read + size <= self._length:

read = self._read

self._read += size

return self._buffer[read:self._read]

else:

read = self._read

self._read = None

return self._buffer[read:] + \

self.file.read(size-self._length+read)

def prepend(self, prepend=b''):

if self._read is None:

self._buffer = prepend

else: # Assume data was read since the last prepend() call

self._read -= len(prepend)

return

self._length = len(self._buffer)

self._read = 0

def seek(self, off):

self._read = None

self._buffer = None

return self.file.seek(off)

def seekable(self):

return True # Allows fast-forwarding even in unseekable streams

class BadGzipFile(OSError):

"""Exception raised in some cases for invalid gzip files."""

class _WriteBufferStream(io.RawIOBase):

"""Minimal object to pass WriteBuffer flushes into GzipFile"""

def __init__(self, gzip_file):

self.gzip_file = weakref.ref(gzip_file)

def write(self, data):

gzip_file = self.gzip_file()

if gzip_file is None:

raise RuntimeError("lost gzip_file")

return gzip_file._write_raw(data)

def seekable(self):

return False

def writable(self):

return True

class GzipFile(_compression.BaseStream):

"""The GzipFile class simulates most of the methods of a file object with

the exception of the truncate() method.

This class only supports opening files in binary mode. If you need to open a

compressed file in text mode, use the gzip.open() function.

"""

# Overridden with internal file object to be closed, if only a filename

# is passed in

myfileobj = None

def __init__(self, filename=None, mode=None,

compresslevel=_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST, fileobj=None, mtime=None):

"""Constructor for the GzipFile class.

At least one of fileobj and filename must be given a

non-trivial value.

The new class instance is based on fileobj, which can be a regular

file, an io.BytesIO object, or any other object which simulates a file.

It defaults to None, in which case filename is opened to provide

a file object.

When fileobj is not None, the filename argument is only used to be

included in the gzip file header, which may include the original

filename of the uncompressed file. It defaults to the filename of

fileobj, if discernible; otherwise, it defaults to the empty string,

and in this case the original filename is not included in the header.

The mode argument can be any of 'r', 'rb', 'a', 'ab', 'w', 'wb', 'x', or

'xb' depending on whether the file will be read or written. The default

is the mode of fileobj if discernible; otherwise, the default is 'rb'.

A mode of 'r' is equivalent to one of 'rb', and similarly for 'w' and

'wb', 'a' and 'ab', and 'x' and 'xb'.

The compresslevel argument is an integer from 0 to 9 controlling the

level of compression; 1 is fastest and produces the least compression,

and 9 is slowest and produces the most compression. 0 is no compression

at all. The default is 9.

The optional mtime argument is the timestamp requested by gzip. The time

is in Unix format, i.e., seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970.

If mtime is omitted or None, the current time is used. Use mtime = 0

to generate a compressed stream that does not depend on creation time.

"""

if mode and ('t' in mode or 'U' in mode):

raise ValueError("Invalid mode: {!r}".format(mode))

if mode and 'b' not in mode:

mode += 'b'

if fileobj is None:

fileobj = self.myfileobj = builtins.open(filename, mode or 'rb')

if filename is None:

filename = getattr(fileobj, 'name', '')

if not isinstance(filename, (str, bytes)):

filename = ''

else:

filename = os.fspath(filename)

origmode = mode

if mode is None:

mode = getattr(fileobj, 'mode', 'rb')

if mode.startswith('r'):

self.mode = READ

raw = _GzipReader(fileobj)

self._buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw)

self.name = filename

elif mode.startswith(('w', 'a', 'x')):

if origmode is None:

import warnings

warnings.warn(

"GzipFile was opened for writing, but this will "

"change in future Python releases. "

"Specify the mode argument for opening it for writing.",

FutureWarning, 2)

self.mode = WRITE

self._init_write(filename)

self.compress = zlib.compressobj(compresslevel,

zlib.DEFLATED,

-zlib.MAX_WBITS,

zlib.DEF_MEM_LEVEL,

0)

self._write_mtime = mtime

self._buffer_size = _WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE

self._buffer = io.BufferedWriter(_WriteBufferStream(self),

buffer_size=self._buffer_size)

else:

raise ValueError("Invalid mode: {!r}".format(mode))

self.fileobj = fileobj

if self.mode == WRITE:

self._write_gzip_header(compresslevel)

@property

def mtime(self):

"""Last modification time read from stream, or None"""

return self._buffer.raw._last_mtime

def __repr__(self):

s = repr(self.fileobj)

return '<gzip ' + s[1:-1] + ' ' + hex(id(self)) + '>'

def _init_write(self, filename):

self.name = filename

self.crc = zlib.crc32(b"")

self.size = 0

self.writebuf = []

self.bufsize = 0

self.offset = 0 # Current file offset for seek(), tell(), etc

def tell(self):

self._check_not_closed()

self._buffer.flush()

return super().tell()

def _write_gzip_header(self, compresslevel):

self.fileobj.write(b'\037\213') # magic header

self.fileobj.write(b'\010') # compression method

try:

# RFC 1952 requires the FNAME field to be Latin-1. Do not

# include filenames that cannot be represented that way.

fname = os.path.basename(self.name)

if not isinstance(fname, bytes):

fname = fname.encode('latin-1')

if fname.endswith(b'.gz'):

fname = fname[:-3]

except UnicodeEncodeError:

fname = b''

flags = 0

if fname:

flags = FNAME

self.fileobj.write(chr(flags).encode('latin-1'))

mtime = self._write_mtime

if mtime is None:

mtime = time.time()

write32u(self.fileobj, int(mtime))

if compresslevel == _COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST:

xfl = b'\002'

elif compresslevel == _COMPRESS_LEVEL_FAST:

xfl = b'\004'

else:

xfl = b'\000'

self.fileobj.write(xfl)

self.fileobj.write(b'\377')

if fname:

self.fileobj.write(fname + b'\000')

def write(self,data):

self._check_not_closed()

if self.mode != WRITE:

import errno

raise OSError(errno.EBADF, "write() on read-only GzipFile object")

if self.fileobj is None:

raise ValueError("write() on closed GzipFile object")

return self._buffer.write(data)

def _write_raw(self, data):

# Called by our self._buffer underlying WriteBufferStream.

if isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):

length = len(data)

else:

# accept any data that supports the buffer protocol

data = memoryview(data)

length = data.nbytes

if length > 0:

self.fileobj.write(self.compress.compress(data))

self.size += length

self.crc = zlib.crc32(data, self.crc)

self.offset += length

return length

def _check_read(self, caller):

if self.mode != READ:

import errno

msg = f"{caller}() on write-only GzipFile object"

raise OSError(errno.EBADF, msg)

def read(self, size=-1):

self._check_not_closed()

self._check_read("read")

return self._buffer.read(size)

def read1(self, size=-1):

"""Implements BufferedIOBase.read1()

Reads up to a buffer's worth of data if size is negative."""

self._check_not_closed()

self._check_read("read1")

if size < 0:

size = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

return self._buffer.read1(size)

def readinto(self, b):

self._check_not_closed()

self._check_read("readinto")

return self._buffer.readinto(b)

def readinto1(self, b):

self._check_not_closed()

self._check_read("readinto1")

return self._buffer.readinto1(b)

def peek(self, n):

self._check_not_closed()

self._check_read("peek")

return self._buffer.peek(n)

@property

def closed(self):

return self.fileobj is None

def close(self):

fileobj = self.fileobj

if fileobj is None or self._buffer.closed:

return

try:

if self.mode == WRITE:

self._buffer.flush()

fileobj.write(self.compress.flush())

write32u(fileobj, self.crc)

# self.size may exceed 2 GiB, or even 4 GiB

write32u(fileobj, self.size & 0xffffffff)

elif self.mode == READ:

self._buffer.close()

finally:

self.fileobj = None

myfileobj = self.myfileobj

if myfileobj:

self.myfileobj = None

myfileobj.close()

def flush(self,zlib_mode=zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH):

self._check_not_closed()

if self.mode == WRITE:

self._buffer.flush()

# Ensure the compressor's buffer is flushed

self.fileobj.write(self.compress.flush(zlib_mode))

self.fileobj.flush()

def fileno(self):

"""Invoke the underlying file object's fileno() method.

This will raise AttributeError if the underlying file object

doesn't support fileno().

"""

return self.fileobj.fileno()

def rewind(self):

'''Return the uncompressed stream file position indicator to the

beginning of the file'''

if self.mode != READ:

raise OSError("Can't rewind in write mode")

self._buffer.seek(0)

def readable(self):

return self.mode == READ

def writable(self):

return self.mode == WRITE

def seekable(self):

return True

def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):

if self.mode == WRITE:

self._check_not_closed()

# Flush buffer to ensure validity of self.offset

self._buffer.flush()

if whence != io.SEEK_SET:

if whence == io.SEEK_CUR:

offset = self.offset + offset

else:

raise ValueError('Seek from end not supported')

if offset < self.offset:

raise OSError('Negative seek in write mode')

count = offset - self.offset

chunk = b'\0' * self._buffer_size

for i in range(count // self._buffer_size):

self.write(chunk)

self.write(b'\0' * (count % self._buffer_size))

elif self.mode == READ:

self._check_not_closed()

return self._buffer.seek(offset, whence)

return self.offset

def readline(self, size=-1):

self._check_not_closed()

return self._buffer.readline(size)

def _read_exact(fp, n):

'''Read exactly *n* bytes from `fp`

This method is required because fp may be unbuffered,

i.e. return short reads.

'''

data = fp.read(n)

while len(data) < n:

b = fp.read(n - len(data))

if not b:

raise EOFError("Compressed file ended before the "

"end-of-stream marker was reached")

data += b

return data

def _read_gzip_header(fp):

'''Read a gzip header from `fp` and progress to the end of the header.

Returns last mtime if header was present or None otherwise.

'''

magic = fp.read(2)

if magic == b'':

return None

if magic != b'\037\213':

raise BadGzipFile('Not a gzipped file (%r)' % magic)

(method, flag, last_mtime) = struct.unpack("<BBIxx", _read_exact(fp, 8))

if method != 8:

raise BadGzipFile('Unknown compression method')

if flag & FEXTRA:

# Read & discard the extra field, if present

extra_len, = struct.unpack("<H", _read_exact(fp, 2))

_read_exact(fp, extra_len)

if flag & FNAME:

# Read and discard a null-terminated string containing the filename

while True:

s = fp.read(1)

if not s or s==b'\000':

break

if flag & FCOMMENT:

# Read and discard a null-terminated string containing a comment

while True:

s = fp.read(1)

if not s or s==b'\000':

break

if flag & FHCRC:

_read_exact(fp, 2) # Read & discard the 16-bit header CRC

return last_mtime

class _GzipReader(_compression.DecompressReader):

def __init__(self, fp):

super().__init__(_PaddedFile(fp), zlib._ZlibDecompressor,

wbits=-zlib.MAX_WBITS)

# Set flag indicating start of a new member

self._new_member = True

self._last_mtime = None

def _init_read(self):

self._crc = zlib.crc32(b"")

self._stream_size = 0 # Decompressed size of unconcatenated stream

def _read_gzip_header(self):

last_mtime = _read_gzip_header(self._fp)

if last_mtime is None:

return False

self._last_mtime = last_mtime

return True

def read(self, size=-1):

if size < 0:

return self.readall()

# size=0 is special because decompress(max_length=0) is not supported

if not size:

return b""

# For certain input data, a single

# call to decompress() may not return

# any data. In this case, retry until we get some data or reach EOF.

while True:

if self._decompressor.eof:

# Ending case: we've come to the end of a member in the file,

# so finish up this member, and read a new gzip header.

# Check the CRC and file size, and set the flag so we read

# a new member

self._read_eof()

self._new_member = True

self._decompressor = self._decomp_factory(

**self._decomp_args)

if self._new_member:

# If the _new_member flag is set, we have to

# jump to the next member, if there is one.

self._init_read()

if not self._read_gzip_header():

self._size = self._pos

return b""

self._new_member = False

# Read a chunk of data from the file

if self._decompressor.needs_input:

buf = self._fp.read(READ_BUFFER_SIZE)

uncompress = self._decompressor.decompress(buf, size)

else:

uncompress = self._decompressor.decompress(b"", size)

if self._decompressor.unused_data != b"":

# Prepend the already read bytes to the fileobj so they can

# be seen by _read_eof() and _read_gzip_header()

self._fp.prepend(self._decompressor.unused_data)

if uncompress != b"":

break

if buf == b"":

raise EOFError("Compressed file ended before the "

"end-of-stream marker was reached")

self._crc = zlib.crc32(uncompress, self._crc)

self._stream_size += len(uncompress)

self._pos += len(uncompress)

return uncompress

def _read_eof(self):

# We've read to the end of the file

# We check that the computed CRC and size of the

# uncompressed data matches the stored values. Note that the size

# stored is the true file size mod 2**32.

crc32, isize = struct.unpack("<II", _read_exact(self._fp, 8))

if crc32 != self._crc:

raise BadGzipFile("CRC check failed %s != %s" % (hex(crc32),

hex(self._crc)))

elif isize != (self._stream_size & 0xffffffff):

raise BadGzipFile("Incorrect length of data produced")

# Gzip files can be padded with zeroes and still have archives.

# Consume all zero bytes and set the file position to the first

# non-zero byte. See http://www.gzip.org/#faq8

c = b"\x00"

while c == b"\x00":

c = self._fp.read(1)

if c:

self._fp.prepend(c)

def _rewind(self):

super()._rewind()

self._new_member = True

def compress(data, compresslevel=_COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST, *, mtime=0):

"""Compress data in one shot and return the compressed string.

compresslevel sets the compression level in range of 0-9.

mtime can be used to set the modification time.

The modification time is set to 0 by default, for reproducibility.

"""

# Wbits=31 automatically includes a gzip header and trailer.

gzip_data = zlib.compress(data, level=compresslevel, wbits=31)

if mtime is None:

mtime = time.time()

# Reuse gzip header created by zlib, replace mtime and OS byte for

# consistency.

header = struct.pack("<4sLBB", gzip_data, int(mtime), gzip_data[8], 255)

return header + gzip_data[10:]

def decompress(data):

"""Decompress a gzip compressed string in one shot.

Return the decompressed string.

"""

decompressed_members = []

while True:

fp = io.BytesIO(data)

if _read_gzip_header(fp) is None:

return b"".join(decompressed_members)

# Use a zlib raw deflate compressor

do = zlib.decompressobj(wbits=-zlib.MAX_WBITS)

# Read all the data except the header

decompressed = do.decompress(data[fp.tell():])

if not do.eof or len(do.unused_data) < 8:

raise EOFError("Compressed file ended before the end-of-stream "

"marker was reached")

crc, length = struct.unpack("<II", do.unused_data[:8])

if crc != zlib.crc32(decompressed):

raise BadGzipFile("CRC check failed")

if length != (len(decompressed) & 0xffffffff):

raise BadGzipFile("Incorrect length of data produced")

decompressed_members.append(decompressed)

data = do.unused_data[8:].lstrip(b"\x00")

def main():

from argparse import ArgumentParser

parser = ArgumentParser(description=

"A simple command line interface for the gzip module: act like gzip, "

"but do not delete the input file.")

group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()

group.add_argument('--fast', action='store_true', help='compress faster')

group.add_argument('--best', action='store_true', help='compress better')

group.add_argument("-d", "--decompress", action="store_true",

help="act like gunzip instead of gzip")

parser.add_argument("args", nargs="*", default=["-"], metavar='file')

args = parser.parse_args()

compresslevel = _COMPRESS_LEVEL_TRADEOFF

if args.fast:

compresslevel = _COMPRESS_LEVEL_FAST

elif args.best:

compresslevel = _COMPRESS_LEVEL_BEST

for arg in args.args:

if args.decompress:

if arg == "-":

f = GzipFile(filename="", mode="rb", fileobj=sys.stdin.buffer)

g = sys.stdout.buffer

else:

if arg[-3:] != ".gz":

sys.exit(f"filename doesn't end in .gz: {arg!r}")

f = open(arg, "rb")

g = builtins.open(arg[:-3], "wb")

else:

if arg == "-":

f = sys.stdin.buffer

g = GzipFile(filename="", mode="wb", fileobj=sys.stdout.buffer,

compresslevel=compresslevel)

else:

f = builtins.open(arg, "rb")

g = open(arg + ".gz", "wb")

while True:

chunk = f.read(READ_BUFFER_SIZE)

if not chunk:

break

g.write(chunk)

if g is not sys.stdout.buffer:

g.close()

if f is not sys.stdin.buffer:

f.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()