import functools

import ntpath

import posixpath

from errno import ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP, EINVAL

from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO

#

# Internals

#

# Reference for Windows paths can be found at

# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file .

_WIN_RESERVED_NAMES = frozenset(

{'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL', 'CONIN$', 'CONOUT$'} |

{f'COM{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'} |

{f'LPT{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'}

)

_WINERROR_NOT_READY = 21 # drive exists but is not accessible

_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME = 123 # fix for bpo-35306

_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME = 1921 # broken symlink pointing to itself

# EBADF - guard against macOS `stat` throwing EBADF

_IGNORED_ERRNOS = (ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP)

_IGNORED_WINERRORS = (

_WINERROR_NOT_READY,

_WINERROR_INVALID_NAME,

_WINERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME)

def _ignore_error(exception):

return (getattr(exception, 'errno', None) in _IGNORED_ERRNOS or

getattr(exception, 'winerror', None) in _IGNORED_WINERRORS)

@functools.cache

def _is_case_sensitive(pathmod):

return pathmod.normcase('Aa') == 'Aa'

#

# Globbing helpers

#

re = glob = None

@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=256)

def _compile_pattern(pat, sep, case_sensitive):

"""Compile given glob pattern to a re.Pattern object (observing case

sensitivity)."""

global re, glob

if re is None:

import re, glob

flags = re.NOFLAG if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE

regex = glob.translate(pat, recursive=True, include_hidden=True, seps=sep)

# The string representation of an empty path is a single dot ('.'). Empty

# paths shouldn't match wildcards, so we consume it with an atomic group.

regex = r'(\.\Z)?+' + regex

return re.compile(regex, flags=flags).match

def _select_children(parent_paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks, match):

"""Yield direct children of given paths, filtering by name and type."""

if follow_symlinks is None:

follow_symlinks = True

for parent_path in parent_paths:

try:

# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to

# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.

with parent_path._scandir() as scandir_it:

entries = list(scandir_it)

except OSError:

pass

else:

for entry in entries:

if dir_only:

try:

if not entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks):

continue

except OSError:

continue

if match(entry.name):

yield parent_path._make_child_entry(entry, dir_only)

def _select_recursive(parent_paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks):

"""Yield given paths and all their subdirectories, recursively."""

if follow_symlinks is None:

follow_symlinks = False

for parent_path in parent_paths:

paths = [parent_path]

while paths:

path = paths.pop()

yield path

try:

# We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to

# avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees.

with path._scandir() as scandir_it:

entries = list(scandir_it)

except OSError:

pass

else:

for entry in entries:

try:

if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks):

paths.append(path._make_child_entry(entry, dir_only))

continue

except OSError:

pass

if not dir_only:

yield path._make_child_entry(entry)

def _select_unique(paths):

"""Yields the given paths, filtering out duplicates."""

yielded = set()

try:

for path in paths:

path_str = str(path)

if path_str not in yielded:

yield path

yielded.add(path_str)

finally:

yielded.clear()

class UnsupportedOperation(NotImplementedError):

"""An exception that is raised when an unsupported operation is called on

a path object.

"""

pass

class PurePathBase:

"""Base class for pure path objects.

This class *does not* provide several magic methods that are defined in

its subclass PurePath. They are: __fspath__, __bytes__, __reduce__,

__hash__, __eq__, __lt__, __le__, __gt__, __ge__. Its initializer and path

joining methods accept only strings, not os.PathLike objects more broadly.

"""

__slots__ = (

# The `_raw_paths` slot stores unnormalized string paths. This is set

# in the `__init__()` method.

'_raw_paths',

# The '_resolving' slot stores a boolean indicating whether the path

# is being processed by `PathBase.resolve()`. This prevents duplicate

# work from occurring when `resolve()` calls `stat()` or `readlink()`.

'_resolving',

)

pathmod = posixpath

def __init__(self, *paths):

self._raw_paths = paths

self._resolving = False

def with_segments(self, *pathsegments):

"""Construct a new path object from any number of path-like objects.

Subclasses may override this method to customize how new path objects

are created from methods like `iterdir()`.

"""

return type(self)(*pathsegments)

def __str__(self):

"""Return the string representation of the path, suitable for

passing to system calls."""

paths = self._raw_paths

if len(paths) == 1:

return paths[0]

elif paths:

return self.pathmod.join(*paths)

else:

return ''

def as_posix(self):

"""Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)

slashes."""

return str(self).replace(self.pathmod.sep, '/')

@property

def drive(self):

"""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any."""

return self.pathmod.splitdrive(str(self))[0]

@property

def root(self):

"""The root of the path, if any."""

return self.pathmod.splitroot(str(self))[1]

@property

def anchor(self):

"""The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""

drive, root, _ = self.pathmod.splitroot(str(self))

return drive + root

@property

def name(self):

"""The final path component, if any."""

return self.pathmod.basename(str(self))

@property

def suffix(self):

"""

The final component's last suffix, if any.

This includes the leading period. For example: '.txt'

"""

name = self.name

i = name.rfind('.')

if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:

return name[i:]

else:

return ''

@property

def suffixes(self):

"""

A list of the final component's suffixes, if any.

These include the leading periods. For example: ['.tar', '.gz']

"""

name = self.name

if name.endswith('.'):

return []

name = name.lstrip('.')

return ['.' + suffix for suffix in name.split('.')[1:]]

@property

def stem(self):

"""The final path component, minus its last suffix."""

name = self.name

i = name.rfind('.')

if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:

return name[:i]

else:

return name

def with_name(self, name):

"""Return a new path with the file name changed."""

dirname = self.pathmod.dirname

if dirname(name):

raise ValueError(f"Invalid name {name!r}")

return self.with_segments(dirname(str(self)), name)

def with_stem(self, stem):

"""Return a new path with the stem changed."""

return self.with_name(stem + self.suffix)

def with_suffix(self, suffix):

"""Return a new path with the file suffix changed. If the path

has no suffix, add given suffix. If the given suffix is an empty

string, remove the suffix from the path.

"""

if not suffix:

return self.with_name(self.stem)

elif suffix.startswith('.') and len(suffix) > 1:

return self.with_name(self.stem + suffix)

else:

raise ValueError(f"Invalid suffix {suffix!r}")

def relative_to(self, other, *, walk_up=False):

"""Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed

arguments. If the operation is not possible (because this is not

related to the other path), raise ValueError.

The *walk_up* parameter controls whether `..` may be used to resolve

the path.

"""

if not isinstance(other, PurePathBase):

other = self.with_segments(other)

anchor0, parts0 = self._stack

anchor1, parts1 = other._stack

if anchor0 != anchor1:

raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} and {str(other)!r} have different anchors")

while parts0 and parts1 and parts0[-1] == parts1[-1]:

parts0.pop()

parts1.pop()

for part in parts1:

if not part or part == '.':

pass

elif not walk_up:

raise ValueError(f"{str(self)!r} is not in the subpath of {str(other)!r}")

elif part == '..':

raise ValueError(f"'..' segment in {str(other)!r} cannot be walked")

else:

parts0.append('..')

return self.with_segments('', *reversed(parts0))

def is_relative_to(self, other):

"""Return True if the path is relative to another path or False.

"""

if not isinstance(other, PurePathBase):

other = self.with_segments(other)

anchor0, parts0 = self._stack

anchor1, parts1 = other._stack

if anchor0 != anchor1:

return False

while parts0 and parts1 and parts0[-1] == parts1[-1]:

parts0.pop()

parts1.pop()

for part in parts1:

if part and part != '.':

return False

return True

@property

def parts(self):

"""An object providing sequence-like access to the

components in the filesystem path."""

anchor, parts = self._stack

if anchor:

parts.append(anchor)

return tuple(reversed(parts))

def joinpath(self, *pathsegments):

"""Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a

new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative

paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is

anchored).

"""

return self.with_segments(*self._raw_paths, *pathsegments)

def __truediv__(self, key):

try:

return self.joinpath(key)

except TypeError:

return NotImplemented

def __rtruediv__(self, key):

try:

return self.with_segments(key, *self._raw_paths)

except TypeError:

return NotImplemented

@property

def _stack(self):

"""

Split the path into a 2-tuple (anchor, parts), where *anchor* is the

uppermost parent of the path (equivalent to path.parents[-1]), and

*parts* is a reversed list of parts following the anchor.

"""

split = self.pathmod.split

path = str(self)

parent, name = split(path)

names = []

while path != parent:

names.append(name)

path = parent

parent, name = split(path)

return path, names

@property

def parent(self):

"""The logical parent of the path."""

path = str(self)

parent = self.pathmod.dirname(path)

if path != parent:

parent = self.with_segments(parent)

parent._resolving = self._resolving

return parent

return self

@property

def parents(self):

"""A sequence of this path's logical parents."""

dirname = self.pathmod.dirname

path = str(self)

parent = dirname(path)

parents = []

while path != parent:

parents.append(self.with_segments(parent))

path = parent

parent = dirname(path)

return tuple(parents)

def is_absolute(self):

"""True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,

a drive)."""

if self.pathmod is ntpath:

# ntpath.isabs() is defective - see GH-44626.

return bool(self.drive and self.root)

elif self.pathmod is posixpath:

# Optimization: work with raw paths on POSIX.

for path in self._raw_paths:

if path.startswith('/'):

return True

return False

else:

return self.pathmod.isabs(str(self))

def is_reserved(self):

"""Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved

by the system, if any."""

if self.pathmod is posixpath or not self.name:

return False

# NOTE: the rules for reserved names seem somewhat complicated

# (e.g. r"..\NUL" is reserved but not r"foo\NUL" if "foo" does not

# exist). We err on the side of caution and return True for paths

# which are not considered reserved by Windows.

if self.drive.startswith('\\\\'):

# UNC paths are never reserved.

return False

name = self.name.partition('.')[0].partition(':')[0].rstrip(' ')

return name.upper() in _WIN_RESERVED_NAMES

def match(self, path_pattern, *, case_sensitive=None):

"""

Return True if this path matches the given pattern.

"""

if not isinstance(path_pattern, PurePathBase):

path_pattern = self.with_segments(path_pattern)

if case_sensitive is None:

case_sensitive = _is_case_sensitive(self.pathmod)

sep = path_pattern.pathmod.sep

pattern_str = str(path_pattern)

if path_pattern.anchor:

pass

elif path_pattern.parts:

pattern_str = f'**{sep}{pattern_str}'

else:

raise ValueError("empty pattern")

match = _compile_pattern(pattern_str, sep, case_sensitive)

return match(str(self)) is not None

class PathBase(PurePathBase):

"""Base class for concrete path objects.

This class provides dummy implementations for many methods that derived

classes can override selectively; the default implementations raise

UnsupportedOperation. The most basic methods, such as stat() and open(),

directly raise UnsupportedOperation; these basic methods are called by

other methods such as is_dir() and read_text().

The Path class derives this class to implement local filesystem paths.

Users may derive their own classes to implement virtual filesystem paths,

such as paths in archive files or on remote storage systems.

"""

__slots__ = ()

# Maximum number of symlinks to follow in resolve()

_max_symlinks = 40

@classmethod

def _unsupported(cls, method_name):

msg = f"{cls.__name__}.{method_name}() is unsupported"

raise UnsupportedOperation(msg)

def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):

"""

Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like

os.stat() does.

"""

self._unsupported("stat")

def lstat(self):

"""

Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's

status information is returned, rather than its target's.

"""

return self.stat(follow_symlinks=False)

# Convenience functions for querying the stat results

def exists(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):

"""

Whether this path exists.

This method normally follows symlinks; to check whether a symlink exists,

add the argument follow_symlinks=False.

"""

try:

self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

return True

def is_dir(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):

"""

Whether this path is a directory.

"""

try:

return S_ISDIR(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_file(self, *, follow_symlinks=True):

"""

Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing

to regular files).

"""

try:

return S_ISREG(self.stat(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks).st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_mount(self):

"""

Check if this path is a mount point

"""

# Need to exist and be a dir

if not self.exists() or not self.is_dir():

return False

try:

parent_dev = self.parent.stat().st_dev

except OSError:

return False

dev = self.stat().st_dev

if dev != parent_dev:

return True

ino = self.stat().st_ino

parent_ino = self.parent.stat().st_ino

return ino == parent_ino

def is_symlink(self):

"""

Whether this path is a symbolic link.

"""

try:

return S_ISLNK(self.lstat().st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_junction(self):

"""

Whether this path is a junction.

"""

# Junctions are a Windows-only feature, not present in POSIX nor the

# majority of virtual filesystems. There is no cross-platform idiom

# to check for junctions (using stat().st_mode).

return False

def is_block_device(self):

"""

Whether this path is a block device.

"""

try:

return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_char_device(self):

"""

Whether this path is a character device.

"""

try:

return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_fifo(self):

"""

Whether this path is a FIFO.

"""

try:

return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def is_socket(self):

"""

Whether this path is a socket.

"""

try:

return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)

except OSError as e:

if not _ignore_error(e):

raise

# Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink

# (see http://web.archive.org/web/20200623061726/https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issues/12/ )

return False

except ValueError:

# Non-encodable path

return False

def samefile(self, other_path):

"""Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file

(as returned by os.path.samefile()).

"""

st = self.stat()

try:

other_st = other_path.stat()

except AttributeError:

other_st = self.with_segments(other_path).stat()

return (st.st_ino == other_st.st_ino and

st.st_dev == other_st.st_dev)

def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,

errors=None, newline=None):

"""

Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as

the built-in open() function does.

"""

self._unsupported("open")

def read_bytes(self):

"""

Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.

"""

with self.open(mode='rb') as f:

return f.read()

def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):

"""

Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.

"""

with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:

return f.read()

def write_bytes(self, data):

"""

Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.

"""

# type-check for the buffer interface before truncating the file

view = memoryview(data)

with self.open(mode='wb') as f:

return f.write(view)

def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None):

"""

Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.

"""

if not isinstance(data, str):

raise TypeError('data must be str, not %s' %

data.__class__.__name__)

with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline) as f:

return f.write(data)

def iterdir(self):

"""Yield path objects of the directory contents.

The children are yielded in arbitrary order, and the

special entries '.' and '..' are not included.

"""

self._unsupported("iterdir")

def _scandir(self):

# Emulate os.scandir(), which returns an object that can be used as a

# context manager. This method is called by walk() and glob().

from contextlib import nullcontext

return nullcontext(self.iterdir())

def _make_child_entry(self, entry, is_dir=False):

# Transform an entry yielded from _scandir() into a path object.

if is_dir:

return entry.joinpath('')

return entry

def _make_child_relpath(self, name):

return self.joinpath(name)

def glob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, follow_symlinks=None):

"""Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any

kind, including directories) matching the given relative pattern.

"""

path_pattern = self.with_segments(pattern)

if path_pattern.anchor:

raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")

elif not path_pattern.parts:

raise ValueError("Unacceptable pattern: {!r}".format(pattern))

pattern_parts = list(path_pattern.parts)

if not self.pathmod.basename(pattern):

# GH-65238: pathlib doesn't preserve trailing slash. Add it back.

pattern_parts.append('')

if case_sensitive is None:

# TODO: evaluate case-sensitivity of each directory in _select_children().

case_sensitive = _is_case_sensitive(self.pathmod)

# If symlinks are handled consistently, and the pattern does not

# contain '..' components, then we can use a 'walk-and-match' strategy

# when expanding '**' wildcards. When a '**' wildcard is encountered,

# all following pattern parts are immediately consumed and used to

# build a `re.Pattern` object. This pattern is used to filter the

# recursive walk. As a result, pattern parts following a '**' wildcard

# do not perform any filesystem access, which can be much faster!

filter_paths = follow_symlinks is not None and '..' not in pattern_parts

deduplicate_paths = False

sep = self.pathmod.sep

paths = iter([self.joinpath('')] if self.is_dir() else [])

part_idx = 0

while part_idx < len(pattern_parts):

part = pattern_parts[part_idx]

part_idx += 1

if part == '':

# Trailing slash.

pass

elif part == '..':

paths = (path._make_child_relpath('..') for path in paths)

elif part == '**':

# Consume adjacent '**' components.

while part_idx < len(pattern_parts) and pattern_parts[part_idx] == '**':

part_idx += 1

if filter_paths and part_idx < len(pattern_parts) and pattern_parts[part_idx] != '':

dir_only = pattern_parts[-1] == ''

paths = _select_recursive(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks)

# Filter out paths that don't match pattern.

prefix_len = len(str(self._make_child_relpath('_'))) - 1

match = _compile_pattern(str(path_pattern), sep, case_sensitive)

paths = (path for path in paths if match(str(path), prefix_len))

return paths

dir_only = part_idx < len(pattern_parts)

paths = _select_recursive(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks)

if deduplicate_paths:

# De-duplicate if we've already seen a '**' component.

paths = _select_unique(paths)

deduplicate_paths = True

elif '**' in part:

raise ValueError("Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component")

else:

dir_only = part_idx < len(pattern_parts)

match = _compile_pattern(part, sep, case_sensitive)

paths = _select_children(paths, dir_only, follow_symlinks, match)

return paths

def rglob(self, pattern, *, case_sensitive=None, follow_symlinks=None):

"""Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including

directories) matching the given relative pattern, anywhere in

this subtree.

"""

return self.glob(

f'**/{pattern}', case_sensitive=case_sensitive, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)

def walk(self, top_down=True, on_error=None, follow_symlinks=False):

"""Walk the directory tree from this directory, similar to os.walk()."""

paths = [self]

while paths:

path = paths.pop()

if isinstance(path, tuple):

yield path

continue

# We may not have read permission for self, in which case we can't

# get a list of the files the directory contains. os.walk()

# always suppressed the exception in that instance, rather than

# blow up for a minor reason when (say) a thousand readable

# directories are still left to visit. That logic is copied here.

try:

scandir_obj = path._scandir()

except OSError as error:

if on_error is not None:

on_error(error)

continue

with scandir_obj as scandir_it:

dirnames = []

filenames = []

for entry in scandir_it:

try:

is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)

except OSError:

# Carried over from os.path.isdir().

is_dir = False

if is_dir:

dirnames.append(entry.name)

else:

filenames.append(entry.name)

if top_down:

yield path, dirnames, filenames

else:

paths.append((path, dirnames, filenames))

paths += [path._make_child_relpath(d) for d in reversed(dirnames)]

def absolute(self):

"""Return an absolute version of this path

No normalization or symlink resolution is performed.

Use resolve() to resolve symlinks and remove '..' segments.

"""

self._unsupported("absolute")

@classmethod

def cwd(cls):

"""Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""

# We call 'absolute()' rather than using 'os.getcwd()' directly to

# enable users to replace the implementation of 'absolute()' in a

# subclass and benefit from the new behaviour here. This works because

# os.path.abspath('.') == os.getcwd().

return cls().absolute()

def expanduser(self):

""" Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs

(as returned by os.path.expanduser)

"""

self._unsupported("expanduser")

@classmethod

def home(cls):

"""Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').

"""

return cls("~").expanduser()

def readlink(self):

"""

Return the path to which the symbolic link points.

"""

self._unsupported("readlink")

readlink._supported = False

def resolve(self, strict=False):

"""

Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also

normalizing it.

"""

if self._resolving:

return self

path_root, parts = self._stack

path = self.with_segments(path_root)

try:

path = path.absolute()

except UnsupportedOperation:

path_tail = []

else:

path_root, path_tail = path._stack

path_tail.reverse()

# If the user has *not* overridden the `readlink()` method, then symlinks are unsupported

# and (in non-strict mode) we can improve performance by not calling `stat()`.

querying = strict or getattr(self.readlink, '_supported', True)

link_count = 0

while parts:

part = parts.pop()

if not part or part == '.':

continue

if part == '..':

if not path_tail:

if path_root:

# Delete '..' segment immediately following root

continue

elif path_tail[-1] != '..':

# Delete '..' segment and its predecessor

path_tail.pop()

continue

path_tail.append(part)

if querying and part != '..':

path = self.with_segments(path_root + self.pathmod.sep.join(path_tail))

path._resolving = True

try:

st = path.stat(follow_symlinks=False)

if S_ISLNK(st.st_mode):

# Like Linux and macOS, raise OSError(errno.ELOOP) if too many symlinks are

# encountered during resolution.

link_count += 1

if link_count >= self._max_symlinks:

raise OSError(ELOOP, "Too many symbolic links in path", str(self))

target_root, target_parts = path.readlink()._stack

# If the symlink target is absolute (like '/etc/hosts'), set the current

# path to its uppermost parent (like '/').

if target_root:

path_root = target_root

path_tail.clear()

else:

path_tail.pop()

# Add the symlink target's reversed tail parts (like ['hosts', 'etc']) to

# the stack of unresolved path parts.

parts.extend(target_parts)

continue

elif parts and not S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):

raise NotADirectoryError(ENOTDIR, "Not a directory", str(self))

except OSError:

if strict:

raise

else:

querying = False

return self.with_segments(path_root + self.pathmod.sep.join(path_tail))

def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):

"""

Make this path a symlink pointing to the target path.

Note the order of arguments (link, target) is the reverse of os.symlink.

"""

self._unsupported("symlink_to")

def hardlink_to(self, target):

"""

Make this path a hard link pointing to the same file as *target*.

Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of os.link's.

"""

self._unsupported("hardlink_to")

def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):

"""

Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.

"""

self._unsupported("touch")

def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):

"""

Create a new directory at this given path.

"""

self._unsupported("mkdir")

def rename(self, target):

"""

Rename this path to the target path.

The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are

interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the

directory of the Path object.

Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.

"""

self._unsupported("rename")

def replace(self, target):

"""

Rename this path to the target path, overwriting if that path exists.

The target path may be absolute or relative. Relative paths are

interpreted relative to the current working directory, *not* the

directory of the Path object.

Returns the new Path instance pointing to the target path.

"""

self._unsupported("replace")

def chmod(self, mode, *, follow_symlinks=True):

"""

Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().

"""

self._unsupported("chmod")

def lchmod(self, mode):

"""

Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's

permissions are changed, rather than its target's.

"""

self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)

def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):

"""

Remove this file or link.

If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.

"""

self._unsupported("unlink")

def rmdir(self):