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Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into bpo-36594-p-format-strings
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‎Doc/c-api/memory.rst‎

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@@ -440,8 +440,9 @@ Customize Memory Allocators
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Setup hooks to detect bugs in the Python memory allocator functions.
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Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCB``, freed memory is
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filled with the byte ``0xDB``.
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Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCD`` (``CLEANBYTE``),
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freed memory is filled with the byte ``0xDD`` (``DEADBYTE``). Memory blocks
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are surrounded by "forbidden bytes" (``FORBIDDENBYTE``: byte ``0xFD``).
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Runtime checks:
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@@ -471,6 +472,12 @@ Customize Memory Allocators
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if the GIL is held when functions of :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` and
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:c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` domains are called.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8.0
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Byte patterns ``0xCB`` (``CLEANBYTE``), ``0xDB`` (``DEADBYTE``) and
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``0xFB`` (``FORBIDDENBYTE``) have been replaced with ``0xCD``, ``0xDD``
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and ``0xFD`` to use the same values than Windows CRT debug ``malloc()``
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and ``free()``.
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.. _pymalloc:
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‎Doc/library/codecs.rst‎

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@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ define in order to be compatible with the Python codec registry.
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.. method:: setstate(state)
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Set the state of the encoder to *state*. *state* must be a decoder state
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Set the state of the decoder to *state*. *state* must be a decoder state
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returned by :meth:`getstate`.
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‎Doc/library/io.rst‎

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@@ -719,15 +719,15 @@ than raw I/O does.
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.. class:: BufferedRandom(raw, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
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A buffered interface to random access streams. It inherits
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:class:`BufferedReader` and :class:`BufferedWriter`, and further supports
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:meth:`seek` and :meth:`tell` functionality.
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:class:`BufferedReader` and :class:`BufferedWriter`.
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The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable raw stream, given
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in the first argument. If the *buffer_size* is omitted it defaults to
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:data:`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`.
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:class:`BufferedRandom` is capable of anything :class:`BufferedReader` or
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:class:`BufferedWriter` can do.
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:class:`BufferedWriter` can do. In addition, :meth:`seek` and :meth:`tell`
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are guaranteed to be implemented.
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.. class:: BufferedRWPair(reader, writer, buffer_size=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)

‎Doc/library/socket.rst‎

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@@ -796,6 +796,8 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
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For IPv6 addresses, ``%scope`` is appended to the host part if *sockaddr*
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contains meaningful *scopeid*. Usually this happens for multicast addresses.
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For more information about *flags* you can consult :manpage:`getnameinfo(3)`.
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.. function:: getprotobyname(protocolname)
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Translate an Internet protocol name (for example, ``'icmp'``) to a constant

‎Doc/library/stdtypes.rst‎

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@@ -1509,6 +1509,10 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
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Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized and the
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rest lowercased.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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The first character is now put into titlecase rather than uppercase.
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This means that characters like digraphs will only have their first
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letter capitalized, instead of the full character.
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.. method:: str.casefold()
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>>> import re
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>>> def titlecase(s):
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... return re.sub(r"[A-Za-z]+('[A-Za-z]+)?",
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... lambda mo: mo.group(0)[0].upper() +
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... mo.group(0)[1:].lower(),
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... lambda mo: mo.group(0).capitalize(),
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... s)
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...
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>>> titlecase("they're bill's friends.")
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containing the part before the separator, the separator itself or its
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bytearray copy, and the part after the separator.
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If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple
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containing a copy of the original sequence, followed by two empty bytes or
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bytearray objects.
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containing two empty bytes or bytearray objects, followed by a copy of the
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original sequence.
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The separator to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`.
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‎Doc/library/sys.rst‎

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This string contains a platform identifier that can be used to append
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platform-specific components to :data:`sys.path`, for instance.
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For Unix systems, except on Linux, this is the lowercased OS name as
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For Unix systems, except on Linux and AIX, this is the lowercased OS name as
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returned by ``uname -s`` with the first part of the version as returned by
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``uname -r`` appended, e.g. ``'sunos5'`` or ``'freebsd8'``, *at the time
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when Python was built*. Unless you want to test for a specific system
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# FreeBSD-specific code here...
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elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
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# Linux-specific code here...
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elif sys.platform.startswith('aix'):
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# AIX-specific code here...
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For other systems, the values are:
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================ ===========================
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System ``platform`` value
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================ ===========================
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AIX ``'aix'``
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Linux ``'linux'``
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Windows ``'win32'``
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Windows/Cygwin ``'cygwin'``
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older Python versions include the version number, it is recommended to
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always use the ``startswith`` idiom presented above.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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On AIX, :attr:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore.
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It is always ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix5'`` or ``'aix7'``. Since
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older Python versions include the version number, it is recommended to
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always use the ``startswith`` idiom presented above.
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.. seealso::
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:attr:`os.name` has a coarser granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives

‎Doc/library/typing.rst‎

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This wraps the decorator with something that wraps the decorated
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function in :func:`no_type_check`.
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.. decorator:: type_check_only
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Decorator to mark a class or function to be unavailable at runtime.
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This decorator is itself not available at runtime. It is mainly
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intended to mark classes that are defined in type stub files if
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an implementation returns an instance of a private class::
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@type_check_only
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class Response: # private or not available at runtime
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code: int
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def get_header(self, name: str) -> str: ...
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def fetch_response() -> Response: ...
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Note that returning instances of private classes is not recommended.
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It is usually preferable to make such classes public.
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.. data:: Any
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Special type indicating an unconstrained type.

‎Doc/library/weakref.rst‎

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:const:`False`, a finalizer will be called when the program exits if it
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is still alive. For instance
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>>> obj = Object()
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>>> weakref.finalize(obj, print, "obj dead or exiting") #doctest:+ELLIPSIS
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<finalize object at ...; for 'Object' at ...>
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>>> exit() #doctest:+SKIP
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obj dead or exiting
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.. doctest::
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:options: +SKIP
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>>> obj = Object()
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>>> weakref.finalize(obj, print, "obj dead or exiting")
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<finalize object at ...; for 'Object' at ...>
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>>> exit()
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obj dead or exiting
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Comparing finalizers with :meth:`__del__` methods

‎Doc/tutorial/modules.rst‎

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When importing the package, Python searches through the directories on
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``sys.path`` looking for the package subdirectory.
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The :file:`__init__.py` files are required to make Python treat the directories
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as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a common name,
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such as ``string``, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later
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The :file:`__init__.py` files are required to make Python treat directories
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containing the file as packages. This prevents directories with a common name,
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such as ``string``, unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later
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on the module search path. In the simplest case, :file:`__init__.py` can just be
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an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for the package or
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set the ``__all__`` variable, described later.

‎Doc/using/cmdline.rst‎

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* Enable :ref:`asyncio debug mode <asyncio-debug-mode>`.
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* Set the :attr:`~sys.flags.dev_mode` attribute of :attr:`sys.flags` to
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``True``
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* :class:`io.IOBase` destructor logs ``close()`` exceptions.
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* ``-X utf8`` enables UTF-8 mode for operating system interfaces, overriding
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the default locale-aware mode. ``-X utf8=0`` explicitly disables UTF-8
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The ``-X importtime``, ``-X dev`` and ``-X utf8`` options.
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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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The ``-X pycache_prefix`` option.
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The ``-X pycache_prefix`` option. The ``-X dev`` option now logs
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``close()`` exceptions in :class:`io.IOBase` destructor.
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Options you shouldn't use

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