@@ -49,17 +49,16 @@ \section{Objects, values and types\label{objects}}
4949Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging
5050facilities may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable.
5151Also note that catching an exception with a
52- `\code {try}...\code {except}' statement may keep objects alive.
52+ `\keyword {try}...\keyword {except}' statement may keep objects alive.
5353
5454Some objects contain references to `` external'' resources such as open
5555files or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed
5656when the object is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is
5757not guaranteed to happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to
5858release the external resource, usually a \method {close()} method.
5959Programs are strongly recommended to explicitly close such
60- objects.
61- The `\code {try}...\code {finally}' statement provides a convenient way
62- to do this.
60+ objects. The `\keyword {try}...\keyword {finally}' statement provides
61+ a convenient way to do this.
6362
6463Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called
6564\emph {containers }. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
110109\index {attribute}
111110\indexii {special}{attribute}
112111\indexiii {generic}{special}{attribute}
113- \withsubitem {(built-in object attribute)}{%
112+ \withsubitem {(built-in object attribute)}{
114113 \ttindex {__methods__}
115114 \ttindex {__members__}}
116115
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
231230Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability:
232231
233232\begin {description }
234- %
233+
235234\item [Immutable sequences]
236235An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is
237236created. (If the object contains references to other objects,
@@ -388,12 +387,12 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
388387defined. Additional information about a function's definition can be
389388retrieved from its code object; see the description of internal types
390389below.
391- \withsubitem {(function attribute)}{%
392- \ttindex {func_doc}%
393- \ttindex {__doc__}%
394- \ttindex {__name__}%
395- \ttindex {func_defaults}%
396- \ttindex {func_code}%
390+ \withsubitem {(function attribute)}{
391+ \ttindex {func_doc}
392+ \ttindex {__doc__}
393+ \ttindex {__name__}
394+ \ttindex {func_defaults}
395+ \ttindex {func_code}
397396 \ttindex {func_globals}}
398397\indexii {global}{namespace}
399398
@@ -411,8 +410,8 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
411410\member {__doc__} is the method's documentation (same as
412411\code {im_func.__doc__}); \member {__name__} is the method name (same as
413412\code {im_func.__name__}).
414- \withsubitem {(method attribute)}{%
415- \ttindex {im_func}%
413+ \withsubitem {(method attribute)}{
414+ \ttindex {im_func}
416415 \ttindex {im_self}}
417416
418417User-defined method objects are created in two ways: when getting an
@@ -430,9 +429,9 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
430429instance, \code {x.f} yields a bound method object \code {m} where
431430\code {m.im_class} is \code {C}, \code {m.im_func} is \method {f()}, and
432431\code {m.im_self} is \code {x}.
433- \withsubitem {(method attribute)}{%
434- \ttindex {im_class}%
435- \ttindex {im_func}%
432+ \withsubitem {(method attribute)}{
433+ \ttindex {im_class}
434+ \ttindex {im_func}
436435 \ttindex {im_self}}
437436
438437When an unbound user-defined method object is called, the underlying
@@ -531,9 +530,9 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
531530statically linked into the interpreter; for extension modules loaded
532531dynamically from a shared library, it is the pathname of the shared
533532library file.
534- \withsubitem {(module attribute)}{%
535- \ttindex {__name__}%
536- \ttindex {__doc__}%
533+ \withsubitem {(module attribute)}{
534+ \ttindex {__name__}
535+ \ttindex {__doc__}
537536 \ttindex {__file__}}
538537\indexii {module}{namespace}
539538
@@ -576,11 +575,11 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
576575containing the base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the
577576base class list; \member {__doc__} is the class's documentation string,
578577or None if undefined.
579- \withsubitem {(class attribute)}{%
580- \ttindex {__name__}%
581- \ttindex {__module__}%
582- \ttindex {__dict__}%
583- \ttindex {__bases__}%
578+ \withsubitem {(class attribute)}{
579+ \ttindex {__name__}
580+ \ttindex {__module__}
581+ \ttindex {__dict__}
582+ \ttindex {__bases__}
584583 \ttindex {__doc__}}
585584
586585\item [Class instances]
@@ -617,8 +616,8 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
617616
618617Special attributes: \member {__dict__} is the attribute
619618dictionary; \member {__class__} is the instance's class.
620- \withsubitem {(instance attribute)}{%
621- \ttindex {__dict__}%
619+ \withsubitem {(instance attribute)}{
620+ \ttindex {__dict__}
622621 \ttindex {__class__}}
623622
624623\item [Files]
@@ -637,9 +636,9 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
637636\bifuncindex {open}
638637\withsubitem {(in module os)}{\ttindex {popen()}}
639638\withsubitem {(socket method)}{\ttindex {makefile()}}
640- \withsubitem {(in module sys)}{%
641- \ttindex {stdin}%
642- \ttindex {stdout}%
639+ \withsubitem {(in module sys)}{
640+ \ttindex {stdin}
641+ \ttindex {stdout}
643642 \ttindex {stderr}}
644643\ttindex {sys.stdin}
645644\ttindex {sys.stdout}
@@ -684,18 +683,18 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
684683the interpreter); \member {co_stacksize} is the required stack size
685684(including local variables); \member {co_flags} is an integer encoding
686685a number of flags for the interpreter.
687- \withsubitem {(code object attribute)}{%
688- \ttindex {co_argcount}%
689- \ttindex {co_code}%
690- \ttindex {co_consts}%
691- \ttindex {co_filename}%
692- \ttindex {co_firstlineno}%
693- \ttindex {co_flags}%
694- \ttindex {co_lnotab}%
695- \ttindex {co_name}%
696- \ttindex {co_names}%
697- \ttindex {co_nlocals}%
698- \ttindex {co_stacksize}%
686+ \withsubitem {(code object attribute)}{
687+ \ttindex {co_argcount}
688+ \ttindex {co_code}
689+ \ttindex {co_consts}
690+ \ttindex {co_filename}
691+ \ttindex {co_firstlineno}
692+ \ttindex {co_flags}
693+ \ttindex {co_lnotab}
694+ \ttindex {co_name}
695+ \ttindex {co_names}
696+ \ttindex {co_nlocals}
697+ \ttindex {co_stacksize}
699698 \ttindex {co_varnames}}
700699
701700The following flag bits are defined for \member {co_flags}: bit 2 is set
@@ -724,25 +723,25 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
724723\member {f_lineno} gives the line number and \member {f_lasti} gives the
725724precise instruction (this is an index into the bytecode string of
726725the code object).
727- \withsubitem {(frame attribute)}{%
728- \ttindex {f_back}%
729- \ttindex {f_code}%
730- \ttindex {f_globals}%
731- \ttindex {f_locals}%
732- \ttindex {f_lineno}%
733- \ttindex {f_lasti}%
734- \ttindex {f_builtins}%
726+ \withsubitem {(frame attribute)}{
727+ \ttindex {f_back}
728+ \ttindex {f_code}
729+ \ttindex {f_globals}
730+ \ttindex {f_locals}
731+ \ttindex {f_lineno}
732+ \ttindex {f_lasti}
733+ \ttindex {f_builtins}
735734 \ttindex {f_restricted}}
736735
737736Special writable attributes: \member {f_trace}, if not \code {None}, is a
738737function called at the start of each source code line (this is used by
739738the debugger); \member {f_exc_type}, \member {f_exc_value},
740739\member {f_exc_traceback} represent the most recent exception caught in
741740this frame.
742- \withsubitem {(frame attribute)}{%
743- \ttindex {f_trace}%
744- \ttindex {f_exc_type}%
745- \ttindex {f_exc_value}%
741+ \withsubitem {(frame attribute)}{
742+ \ttindex {f_trace}
743+ \ttindex {f_exc_type}
744+ \ttindex {f_exc_value}
746745 \ttindex {f_exc_traceback}}
747746
748747\item [Traceback objects] \label {traceback }
@@ -765,9 +764,9 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
765764\indexii {stack}{trace}
766765\indexii {exception}{handler}
767766\indexii {execution}{stack}
768- \withsubitem {(in module sys)}{%
769- \ttindex {exc_info}%
770- \ttindex {exc_traceback}%
767+ \withsubitem {(in module sys)}{
768+ \ttindex {exc_info}
769+ \ttindex {exc_traceback}
771770 \ttindex {last_traceback}}
772771\ttindex {sys.exc_info}
773772\ttindex {sys.exc_traceback}
@@ -782,10 +781,10 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
782781traceback may differ from the line number of its frame object if the
783782exception occurred in a \keyword {try} statement with no matching
784783except clause or with a finally clause.
785- \withsubitem {(traceback attribute)}{%
786- \ttindex {tb_next}%
787- \ttindex {tb_frame}%
788- \ttindex {tb_lineno}%
784+ \withsubitem {(traceback attribute)}{
785+ \ttindex {tb_next}
786+ \ttindex {tb_frame}
787+ \ttindex {tb_lineno}
789788 \ttindex {tb_lasti}}
790789\stindex {try}
791790
@@ -799,9 +798,9 @@ \section{The standard type hierarchy\label{types}}
799798Special read-only attributes: \member {start} is the lowerbound;
800799\member {stop} is the upperbound; \member {step} is the step value; each is
801800\code {None} if omitted. These attributes can have any type.
802- \withsubitem {(slice object attribute)}{%
803- \ttindex {start}%
804- \ttindex {stop}%
801+ \withsubitem {(slice object attribute)}{
802+ \ttindex {start}
803+ \ttindex {stop}
805804 \ttindex {step}}
806805
807806\end {description } % Internal types
@@ -1026,27 +1025,27 @@ \subsection{Emulating sequence and mapping types\label{sequence-types}}
10261025\method {__add__()}, \method {__radd__()}, \method {__mul__()} and
10271026\method {__rmul__()} described below; they should not define
10281027\method {__coerce__()} or other numerical operators.
1029- \withsubitem {(mapping object method)}{%
1030- \ttindex {keys()}%
1031- \ttindex {values()}%
1032- \ttindex {items()}%
1033- \ttindex {has_key()}%
1034- \ttindex {get()}%
1035- \ttindex {clear()}%
1036- \ttindex {copy()}%
1028+ \withsubitem {(mapping object method)}{
1029+ \ttindex {keys()}
1030+ \ttindex {values()}
1031+ \ttindex {items()}
1032+ \ttindex {has_key()}
1033+ \ttindex {get()}
1034+ \ttindex {clear()}
1035+ \ttindex {copy()}
10371036 \ttindex {update()}}
1038- \withsubitem {(sequence object method)}{%
1039- \ttindex {append()}%
1040- \ttindex {count()}%
1041- \ttindex {index()}%
1042- \ttindex {insert()}%
1043- \ttindex {pop()}%
1044- \ttindex {remove()}%
1045- \ttindex {reverse()}%
1046- \ttindex {sort()}%
1047- \ttindex {__add__()}%
1048- \ttindex {__radd__()}%
1049- \ttindex {__mul__()}%
1037+ \withsubitem {(sequence object method)}{
1038+ \ttindex {append()}
1039+ \ttindex {count()}
1040+ \ttindex {index()}
1041+ \ttindex {insert()}
1042+ \ttindex {pop()}
1043+ \ttindex {remove()}
1044+ \ttindex {reverse()}
1045+ \ttindex {sort()}
1046+ \ttindex {__add__()}
1047+ \ttindex {__radd__()}
1048+ \ttindex {__mul__()}
10501049 \ttindex {__rmul__()}}
10511050\withsubitem {(numberic object method)}{\ttindex {__coerce__()}}
10521051
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