11\section {\module {os} ---
2- Miscellaneous OS interfaces }
2+ Miscellaneous operating system interfaces }
33
44\declaremodule {standard}{os}
5- \modulesynopsis {Miscellaneous OS interfaces.}
5+ \modulesynopsis {Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.}
66
77
88This module provides a more portable way of using operating system
9- (OS) dependent functionality than importing an OS dependent built-in
10- module like \refmodule {posix} or \module {nt}.
9+ dependent functionality than importing a operating system dependent
10+ built-in module like \refmodule {posix} or \module {nt}.
1111
12- This module searches for an OS dependent built-in module like
12+ This module searches for an operating system dependent built-in module like
1313\module {mac} or \refmodule {posix} and exports the same functions and data
14- as found there. The design of all Python's built-in OS dependent
14+ as found there. The design of all Python's built-in operating system dependent
1515modules is such that as long as the same functionality is available,
1616it uses the same interface; for example, the function
1717\code {os.stat(\var {path})} returns stat information about \var {path} in
1818the same format (which happens to have originated with the
1919\POSIX {} interface).
2020
21- Extensions peculiar to a particular OS are also available through the
22- \module {os} module, but using them is of course a threat to
23- portability!
21+ Extensions peculiar to a particular operating system are also
22+ available through the \module {os} module, but using them is of course a
23+ threat to portability!
2424
2525Note that after the first time \module {os} is imported, there is
2626\emph {no } performance penalty in using functions from \module {os}
27- instead of directly from the OS dependent built-in module, so there
28- should be \emph {no } reason not to use \module {os}!
27+ instead of directly from the operating system dependent built-in module,
28+ so there should be \emph {no } reason not to use \module {os}!
2929
3030
3131% Frank Stajano <[email protected] > complained that it@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ \section{\module{os} ---
6565\end {excdesc }
6666
6767\begin {datadesc }{name}
68- The name of the OS dependent module imported. The following names
69- have currently been registered: \code {'posix'}, \code {'nt'},
68+ The name of the operating system dependent module imported. The
69+ following names have currently been registered: \code {'posix'}, \code {'nt'},
7070\code {'dos'}, \code {'mac'}, \code {'os2'}, \code {'ce'}, \code {'java'}.
7171\end {datadesc }
7272
7373\begin {datadesc }{path}
74- The corresponding OS dependent standard module for pathname
74+ The corresponding operating system dependent standard module for pathname
7575operations, such as \module {posixpath} or \module {macpath}. Thus,
7676given the proper imports, \code {os.path.split(\var {file})} is
7777equivalent to but more portable than
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ \subsection{Files and Directories \label{os-file-dir}}
636636Return system configuration information relevant to a named file.
637637\var {name} specifies the configuration value to retrieve; it may be a
638638string which is the name of a defined system value; these names are
639- specified in a number of standards (\POSIX .1, Unix95, Unix98 , and
639+ specified in a number of standards (\POSIX .1, \UNIX 95, \UNIX 98 , and
640640others). Some platforms define additional names as well. The names
641641known to the host operating system are given in the
642642\code {pathconf_names} dictionary. For configuration variables not
@@ -737,9 +737,9 @@ \subsection{Files and Directories \label{os-file-dir}}
737737\code {st_mtime},
738738\code {st_ctime}.
739739More items may be added at the end by some implementations. Note that
740- on the Macintosh , the time values are floating point values, like all
741- time values on the Macintosh .
742- (On MS Windows, some items are filled with dummy values.)
740+ on the Mac OS , the time values are floating point values, like all
741+ time values on the Mac OS .
742+ (On Windows, some items are filled with dummy values.)
743743Availability: Macintosh, \UNIX {}, Windows.
744744
745745Note: The standard module \refmodule {stat}\refstmodindex {stat} defines
@@ -983,8 +983,9 @@ \subsection{Process Management \label{os-process}}
983983\begin {funcdesc }{startfile}{path}
984984Start a file with its associated application. This acts like
985985double-clicking the file in Windows Explorer, or giving the file name
986- as an argument to the DOS \program {start} command: the file is opened
987- with whatever application (if any) its extension is associated.
986+ as an argument to the \program {start} command from the interactive
987+ command shell: the file is opened with whatever application (if any)
988+ its extension is associated.
988989
989990\function {startfile()} returns as soon as the associated application
990991is launched. There is no option to wait for the application to close,
@@ -1012,8 +1013,8 @@ \subsection{Process Management \label{os-process}}
10121013\end {funcdesc }
10131014
10141015\begin {funcdesc }{times}{}
1015- Return a 5-tuple of floating point numbers indicating accumulated (CPU
1016- or other)
1016+ Return a 5-tuple of floating point numbers indicating accumulated
1017+ (processor or other)
10171018times, in seconds. The items are: user time, system time, children's
10181019user time, children's system time, and elapsed real time since a fixed
10191020point in the past, in that order. See the \UNIX {} manual page
@@ -1100,7 +1101,7 @@ \subsection{Miscellaneous System Information \label{os-path}}
11001101Return string-valued system configuration values.
11011102\var {name} specifies the configuration value to retrieve; it may be a
11021103string which is the name of a defined system value; these names are
1103- specified in a number of standards (\POSIX , Unix95, Unix98 , and
1104+ specified in a number of standards (\POSIX , \UNIX 95, \UNIX 98 , and
11041105others). Some platforms define additional names as well. The names
11051106known to the host operating system are given in the
11061107\code {confstr_names} dictionary. For configuration variables not
@@ -1151,33 +1152,36 @@ \subsection{Miscellaneous System Information \label{os-path}}
11511152
11521153
11531154\begin {datadesc }{curdir}
1154- The constant string used by the OS to refer to the current directory.
1155+ The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the current
1156+ directory.
11551157For example: \code {'.'} for \POSIX {} or \code {':'} for the Macintosh.
11561158\end {datadesc }
11571159
11581160\begin {datadesc }{pardir}
1159- The constant string used by the OS to refer to the parent directory.
1161+ The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the parent
1162+ directory.
11601163For example: \code {'..'} for \POSIX {} or \code {'::'} for the Macintosh.
11611164\end {datadesc }
11621165
11631166\begin {datadesc }{sep}
1164- The character used by the OS to separate pathname components,
1167+ The character used by the operating system to separate pathname components,
11651168for example, \character {/} for \POSIX {} or \character {:} for the
11661169Macintosh. Note that knowing this is not sufficient to be able to
11671170parse or concatenate pathnames --- use \function {os.path.split()} and
11681171\function {os.path.join()} --- but it is occasionally useful.
11691172\end {datadesc }
11701173
11711174\begin {datadesc }{altsep}
1172- An alternative character used by the OS to separate pathname components,
1173- or \code {None} if only one separator character exists. This is set to
1174- \character {/} on DOS and Windows systems where \code {sep} is a backslash.
1175+ An alternative character used by the operating system to separate pathname
1176+ components, or \code {None} if only one separator character exists. This is
1177+ set to \character {/} on DOS and Windows systems where \code {sep} is a
1178+ backslash.
11751179\end {datadesc }
11761180
11771181\begin {datadesc }{pathsep}
1178- The character conventionally used by the OS to separate search patch
1179- components (as in \envvar {PATH}), such as \character {:} for \POSIX {} or
1180- \character {;} for DOS and Windows.
1182+ The character conventionally used by the operating system to separate
1183+ search patch components (as in \envvar {PATH}), such as \character {:} for
1184+ \POSIX {} or \ character {;} for DOS and Windows.
11811185\end {datadesc }
11821186
11831187\begin {datadesc }{defpath}
@@ -1188,6 +1192,6 @@ \subsection{Miscellaneous System Information \label{os-path}}
11881192\begin {datadesc }{linesep}
11891193The string used to separate (or, rather, terminate) lines on the
11901194current platform. This may be a single character, such as \code {'\e
1191- n'} for \POSIX {} or \code {'\e r'} for MacOS , or multiple characters,
1192- for example, \code {'\e r\e n'} for MS- DOS and MS Windows.
1195+ n'} for \POSIX {} or \code {'\e r'} for the Mac OS , or multiple characters,
1196+ for example, \code {'\e r\e n'} for DOS and Windows.
11931197\end {datadesc }
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