@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Features
171171* Multi-dimensional comparisons are supported for any array type.
172172
173173* One-dimensional memoryviews of hashable (read-only) types with formats B,
174- b or c are now hashable. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13411 `)
174+ b or c are now hashable. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13411 `. )
175175
176176* Arbitrary slicing of any 1-D arrays type is supported. For example, it
177177 is now possible to reverse a memoryview in O(1) by using a negative step.
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ API changes
196196
197197* For further changes see `Build and C API Changes `_ and `Porting C code `_.
198198
199- (Contributed by Stefan Krah in :issue: `10181 `)
199+ (Contributed by Stefan Krah in :issue: `10181 `. )
200200
201201.. seealso ::
202202
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ Python 2 is also installed, or ``-2.6`` to specifclly request an earlier
307307Python version when a more recent version is installed).
308308
309309In addition to the launcher, the Windows installer now includes an
310- option to add the newly installed Python to the system PATH (contributed
311- by Brian Curtin in :issue: `3561 `).
310+ option to add the newly installed Python to the system PATH. (Contributed
311+ by Brian Curtin in :issue: `3561 `.)
312312
313313.. seealso ::
314314
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
781781 Both :func: `unicodedata.lookup() ` and ``'\N{...}' `` now resolve name aliases,
782782 and :func: `unicodedata.lookup() ` resolves named sequences too.
783783
784- (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue: `12753 `)
784+ (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue: `12753 `. )
785785
786786* Unicode database updated to UCD version 6.1.0
787787
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
793793 methods of :class: `bytes ` and :class: `bytearray ` objects now accept an
794794 integer between 0 and 255 as their first argument.
795795
796- (Contributed by Petri Lehtinen in :issue: `12170 `)
796+ (Contributed by Petri Lehtinen in :issue: `12170 `. )
797797
798798* The ``rjust() ``, ``ljust() ``, and ``center() `` methods of :class: `bytes `
799799 and :class: `bytearray ` now accept a :class: `bytearray ` for the ``fill ``
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ Builtin functions and types
854854* The sequence documentation has been substantially rewritten to better
855855 explain the binary/text sequence distinction and to provide specific
856856 documentation sections for the individual builtin sequence types
857- (:issue: `4966 `)
857+ (:issue: `4966 `).
858858
859859
860860New Modules
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ The new :mod:`ipaddress` module provides tools for creating and manipulating
891891objects representing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, networks and interfaces (i.e.
892892an IP address associated with a specific IP subnet).
893893
894- (Contributed by Google and Peter Moody in :pep: `3144 `)
894+ (Contributed by Google and Peter Moody in :pep: `3144 `. )
895895
896896lzma
897897----
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ The newly-added :mod:`lzma` module provides data compression and decompression
900900using the LZMA algorithm, including support for the ``.xz `` and ``.lzma ``
901901file formats.
902902
903- (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda and Per Øyvind Karlsen in :issue: `6715 `)
903+ (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda and Per Øyvind Karlsen in :issue: `6715 `. )
904904
905905
906906Improved Modules
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ property. The built-in descriptors have been updated accordingly.
921921 * :class: `abc.abstractstaticmethod ` has been deprecated, use
922922 :class: `staticmethod ` with :func: `abc.abstractmethod ` instead.
923923
924- (Contributed by Darren Dale in :issue: `11610 `)
924+ (Contributed by Darren Dale in :issue: `11610 `. )
925925
926926:meth: `abc.ABCMeta.register ` now returns the registered subclass, which means
927927it can now be used as a class decorator (:issue: `10868 `).
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ array
933933The :mod: `array ` module supports the :c:type: `long long ` type using ``q `` and
934934``Q `` type codes.
935935
936- (Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue: `1172711 `)
936+ (Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue: `1172711 `. )
937937
938938
939939base64
@@ -964,14 +964,14 @@ new features have been added:
964964* :class: `bz2.BZ2File ` can now read from and write to arbitrary file-like
965965 objects, by means of its constructor's *fileobj * argument.
966966
967- (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue: `5863 `)
967+ (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue: `5863 `. )
968968
969969* :class: `bz2.BZ2File ` and :func: `bz2.decompress ` can now decompress
970970 multi-stream inputs (such as those produced by the :program: `pbzip2 ` tool).
971971 :class: `bz2.BZ2File ` can now also be used to create this type of file, using
972972 the ``'a' `` (append) mode.
973973
974- (Contributed by Nir Aides in :issue: `1625 `)
974+ (Contributed by Nir Aides in :issue: `1625 `. )
975975
976976* :class: `bz2.BZ2File ` now implements all of the :class: `io.BufferedIOBase ` API,
977977 except for the :meth: `detach ` and :meth: `truncate ` methods.
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ collections
10181018
10191019Addition of a new :class: `~collections.ChainMap ` class to allow treating a
10201020number of mappings as a single unit. (Written by Raymond Hettinger for
1021- :issue: `11089 `, made public in :issue: `11297 `)
1021+ :issue: `11089 `, made public in :issue: `11297 `. )
10221022
10231023The abstract base classes have been moved in a new :mod: `collections.abc `
10241024module, to better differentiate between the abstract and the concrete
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ curses
10691069 push a wide character so the next :meth: `~curses.window.get_wch ` will return
10701070 it
10711071
1072- (Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue: `6755 `)
1072+ (Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue: `6755 `. )
10731073
10741074datetime
10751075--------
@@ -1376,11 +1376,11 @@ ftplib
13761376 :func: `~ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc ` function to revert control channel back to
13771377 plaintext. This can be useful to take advantage of firewalls that know how
13781378 to handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports. (Contributed
1379- by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `12139 `)
1379+ by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `12139 `. )
13801380
13811381* Added :meth: `ftplib.FTP.mlsd ` method which provides a parsable directory
13821382 listing format and deprecates :meth: `ftplib.FTP.nlst ` and
1383- :meth: `ftplib.FTP.dir `. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `11072 `)
1383+ :meth: `ftplib.FTP.dir `. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `11072 `. )
13841384
13851385
13861386functools
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ hmac
14041404
14051405A new :func: `~hmac.compare_digest ` function has been added to prevent side
14061406channel attacks on digests through timing analysis. (Contributed by Nick
1407- Coghlan and Christian Heimes in :issue: `15061 `)
1407+ Coghlan and Christian Heimes in :issue: `15061 `. )
14081408
14091409
14101410http
@@ -1436,13 +1436,13 @@ are also available on the latest bug fix releases of Python 2.7/3.2.
14361436(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue: `15114 `, and :issue: `14538 `,
14371437:issue: `13993 `, :issue: `13960 `, :issue: `13358 `, :issue: `1745761 `,
14381438:issue: `755670 `, :issue: `13357 `, :issue: `12629 `, :issue: `1200313 `,
1439- :issue: `670664 `, :issue: `13273 `, :issue: `12888 `, :issue: `7311 `)
1439+ :issue: `670664 `, :issue: `13273 `, :issue: `12888 `, :issue: `7311 `. )
14401440
14411441A new :data: `~html.entities.html5 ` dictionary that maps HTML5 named character
14421442references to the equivalent Unicode character(s) (e.g. ``html5['gt;'] ==
14431443'>' ``) has been added to the :mod: `html.entities ` module. The dictionary is
14441444now also used by :class: `~html.parser.HTMLParser `. (Contributed by Ezio
1445- Melotti in :issue: `11113 ` and :issue: `15156 `)
1445+ Melotti in :issue: `11113 ` and :issue: `15156 `. )
14461446
14471447
14481448imaplib
@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@ imaplib
14511451The :class: `~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL ` constructor now accepts an SSLContext
14521452parameter to control parameters of the secure channel.
14531453
1454- (Contributed by Sijin Joseph in :issue: `8808 `)
1454+ (Contributed by Sijin Joseph in :issue: `8808 `. )
14551455
14561456
14571457inspect
@@ -1462,14 +1462,14 @@ reports the current binding of all names referenced from the function body and
14621462where those names were resolved, making it easier to verify correct internal
14631463state when testing code that relies on stateful closures.
14641464
1465- (Contributed by Meador Inge and Nick Coghlan in :issue: `13062 `)
1465+ (Contributed by Meador Inge and Nick Coghlan in :issue: `13062 `. )
14661466
14671467A new :func: `~inspect.getgeneratorlocals ` function has been added. This
14681468function reports the current binding of local variables in the generator's
14691469stack frame, making it easier to verify correct internal state when testing
14701470generators.
14711471
1472- (Contributed by Meador Inge in :issue: `15153 `)
1472+ (Contributed by Meador Inge in :issue: `15153 `. )
14731473
14741474io
14751475--
@@ -1478,7 +1478,7 @@ The :func:`~io.open` function has a new ``'x'`` mode that can be used to
14781478exclusively create a new file, and raise a :exc: `FileExistsError ` if the file
14791479already exists. It is based on the C11 'x' mode to fopen().
14801480
1481- (Contributed by David Townshend in :issue: `12760 `)
1481+ (Contributed by David Townshend in :issue: `12760 `. )
14821482
14831483The constructor of the :class: `~io.TextIOWrapper ` class has a new
14841484*write_through * optional argument. If *write_through * is ``True ``, calls to
@@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ math
15131513The :mod: `math ` module has a new function, :func: `~math.log2 `, which returns
15141514the base-2 logarithm of *x *.
15151515
1516- (Written by Mark Dickinson in :issue: `11888 `).
1516+ (Written by Mark Dickinson in :issue: `11888 `.)
15171517
15181518
15191519mmap
@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ connection when done::
15671567 ('211 1755 1 1755 gmane.comp.python.committers', 1755, 1, 1755, 'gmane.comp.python.committers')
15681568 >>>
15691569
1570- (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `9795 `)
1570+ (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `9795 `. )
15711571
15721572
15731573os
@@ -1744,24 +1744,24 @@ sched
17441744 set to False makes the method execute the scheduled events due to expire
17451745 soonest (if any) and then return immediately.
17461746 This is useful in case you want to use the :class: `~sched.scheduler ` in
1747- non-blocking applications. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `13449 `)
1747+ non-blocking applications. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `13449 `. )
17481748
17491749* :class: `~sched.scheduler ` class can now be safely used in multi-threaded
17501750 environments. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson and Giampaolo Rodolà in
1751- :issue: `8684 `)
1751+ :issue: `8684 `. )
17521752
17531753* *timefunc * and *delayfunct * parameters of :class: `~sched.scheduler ` class
17541754 constructor are now optional and defaults to :func: `time.time ` and
17551755 :func: `time.sleep ` respectively. (Contributed by Chris Clark in
1756- :issue: `13245 `)
1756+ :issue: `13245 `. )
17571757
17581758* :meth: `~sched.scheduler.enter ` and :meth: `~sched.scheduler.enterabs `
17591759 *argument * parameter is now optional. (Contributed by Chris Clark in
1760- :issue: `13245 `)
1760+ :issue: `13245 `. )
17611761
17621762* :meth: `~sched.scheduler.enter ` and :meth: `~sched.scheduler.enterabs `
17631763 now accept a *kwargs * parameter. (Contributed by Chris Clark in
1764- :issue: `13245 `)
1764+ :issue: `13245 `. )
17651765
17661766
17671767select
@@ -1787,10 +1787,10 @@ shutil
17871787* New functions:
17881788
17891789 * :func: `~shutil.disk_usage `: provides total, used and free disk space
1790- statistics. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `12442 `)
1790+ statistics. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `12442 `. )
17911791 * :func: `~shutil.chown `: allows one to change user and/or group of the given
17921792 path also specifying the user/group names and not only their numeric
1793- ids. (Contributed by Sandro Tosi in :issue: `12191 `)
1793+ ids. (Contributed by Sandro Tosi in :issue: `12191 `. )
17941794 * :func: `shutil.get_terminal_size `: returns the size of the terminal window
17951795 to which the interpreter is attached. (Contributed by Zbigniew
17961796 Jędrzejewski-Szmek in :issue: `13609 `.)
@@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ shutil
18131813
18141814* :func: `~shutil.rmtree ` is now resistant to symlink attacks on platforms
18151815 which support the new ``dir_fd `` parameter in :func: `os.open ` and
1816- :func: `os.unlink `. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis and Hynek Schlawack
1816+ :func: `os.unlink `. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis and Hynek Schlawack
18171817 in :issue: `4489 `.)
18181818
18191819
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`11289`.)
18671867
18681868The :class: `~smtplib.SMTP_SSL ` constructor and the :meth: `~smtplib.SMTP.starttls `
18691869method now accept an SSLContext parameter to control parameters of the secure
1870- channel. (Contributed by Kasun Herath in :issue: `8809 `)
1870+ channel. (Contributed by Kasun Herath in :issue: `8809 `. )
18711871
18721872
18731873socket
@@ -1887,7 +1887,7 @@ socket
18871887 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux
18881888 (http://lwn.net/Articles/253425).
18891889
1890- (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue: `10141 `)
1890+ (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue: `10141 `. )
18911891
18921892* The :class: `~socket.socket ` class now supports the PF_RDS protocol family
18931893 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and
@@ -1929,37 +1929,37 @@ ssl
19291929 pseudo-random bytes.
19301930 * :func: `~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes `: generate pseudo-random bytes.
19311931
1932- (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue: `12049 `)
1932+ (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue: `12049 `. )
19331933
19341934* The :mod: `ssl ` module now exposes a finer-grained exception hierarchy
19351935 in order to make it easier to inspect the various kinds of errors.
1936- (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `11183 `)
1936+ (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `11183 `. )
19371937
19381938* :meth: `~ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain ` now accepts a *password * argument
19391939 to be used if the private key is encrypted.
1940- (Contributed by Adam Simpkins in :issue: `12803 `)
1940+ (Contributed by Adam Simpkins in :issue: `12803 `. )
19411941
19421942* Diffie-Hellman key exchange, both regular and Elliptic Curve-based, is
19431943 now supported through the :meth: `~ssl.SSLContext.load_dh_params ` and
19441944 :meth: `~ssl.SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve ` methods.
1945- (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13626 ` and :issue: `13627 `)
1945+ (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13626 ` and :issue: `13627 `. )
19461946
19471947* SSL sockets have a new :meth: `~ssl.SSLSocket.get_channel_binding ` method
19481948 allowing the implementation of certain authentication mechanisms such as
1949- SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS. (Contributed by Jacek Konieczny in :issue: `12551 `)
1949+ SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS. (Contributed by Jacek Konieczny in :issue: `12551 `. )
19501950
19511951* You can query the SSL compression algorithm used by an SSL socket, thanks
19521952 to its new :meth: `~ssl.SSLSocket.compression ` method. The new attribute
19531953 :attr: `~ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION ` can be used to disable compression.
1954- (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13634 `)
1954+ (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `13634 `. )
19551955
19561956* Support has been added for the Next Procotol Negotiation extension using
19571957 the :meth: `ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols ` method.
1958- (Contributed by Colin Marc in :issue: `14204 `)
1958+ (Contributed by Colin Marc in :issue: `14204 `. )
19591959
19601960* SSL errors can now be introspected more easily thanks to
19611961 :attr: `~ssl.SSLError.library ` and :attr: `~ssl.SSLError.reason ` attributes.
1962- (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `14837 `)
1962+ (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue: `14837 `. )
19631963
19641964* The :func: `~ssl.get_server_certificate ` function now supports IPv6.
19651965 (Contributed by Charles-François Natali in :issue: `11811 `.)
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ The undocumented tarfile.filemode function has been moved to
19761976:func: `stat.filemode `. It can be used to convert a file's mode to a string of
19771977the form '-rwxrwxrwx'.
19781978
1979- (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `14807 `)
1979+ (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue: `14807 `. )
19801980
19811981
19821982struct
@@ -2035,8 +2035,8 @@ threading
20352035:class: `threading.Condition `, :class: `threading.Semaphore `,
20362036:class: `threading.BoundedSemaphore `, :class: `threading.Event `, and
20372037:class: `threading.Timer `, all of which used to be factory functions returning a
2038- class instance, are now classes and may be subclassed. (Contributed by Éric
2039- Araujo in :issue: `10968 `).
2038+ class instance, are now classes and may be subclassed. (Contributed by Éric
2039+ Araujo in :issue: `10968 `.)
20402040
20412041The :class: `threading.Thread ` constructor now accepts a ``daemon `` keyword
20422042argument to override the default behavior of inheriting the ``deamon `` flag
@@ -2066,7 +2066,7 @@ Other new functions:
20662066
20672067* :func: `~time.clock_getres `, :func: `~time.clock_gettime ` and
20682068 :func: `~time.clock_settime ` functions with ``CLOCK_xxx `` constants.
2069- (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue: `10278 `)
2069+ (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue: `10278 `. )
20702070
20712071To improve cross platform consistency, :func: `~time.sleep ` now raises a
20722072:exc: `ValueError ` when passed a negative sleep value. Previously this was an
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ unittest
20902090:meth: `.assertRaises `, :meth: `.assertRaisesRegex `, :meth: `.assertWarns `, and
20912091:meth: `.assertWarnsRegex ` now accept a keyword argument *msg * when used as
20922092context managers. (Contributed by Ezio Melotti and Winston Ewert in
2093- :issue: `10775 `)
2093+ :issue: `10775 `. )
20942094
20952095:meth: `unittest.TestCase.run ` now returns the :class: `~unittest.TestResult `
20962096object.
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ The :mod:`webbrowser` module supports more "browsers": Google Chrome (named
21172117and the generic launchers :program: `xdg-open `, from the FreeDesktop.org
21182118project, and :program: `gvfs-open `, which is the default URI handler for GNOME
211921193. (The former contributed by Arnaud Calmettes in :issue: `13620 `, the latter
2120- by Matthias Klose in :issue: `14493 `)
2120+ by Matthias Klose in :issue: `14493 `. )
21212121
21222122
21232123xml.etree.ElementTree
@@ -2160,7 +2160,7 @@ Major performance enhancements have been added:
21602160
21612161* UTF-8 is now 2x to 4x faster. UTF-16 encoding is now up to 10x faster.
21622162
2163- (contributed by Serhiy Storchaka, :issue: `14624 `, :issue: `14738 ` and
2163+ (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka, :issue: `14624 `, :issue: `14738 ` and
21642164 :issue: `15026 `.)
21652165
21662166
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