The callbacks for RAISE, RERAISE, EXCEPTION_HANDLED, PY_UNWIND and STOP_ITERATION all take the exception as their third argument.
PY_THROW is the odd one out, but it should be consistent with the others.
PY_THROW is a rare event, so this got overlooked. We should fix it before the next release of 3.12.

Fortunately it is very easy to fix.

Linked PRs

• GH-107724: Fix the signature of PY_THROW callback functions. #107725
• [3.12] GH-107724: Fix the signature of PY_THROW callback functions. (GH-107725) #107802