diff --git a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
index 5ffa33d4e61f19..e7251f70b367bb 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
@@ -843,6 +843,19 @@ call fails (for example because the path doesn't exist).
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
       The *follow_symlinks* parameter was added.
 
+.. method:: Path.chown(owner=None, group=None)
+
+   Change the *owner* and/or *group* of the path.
+
+   *owner* can be a system user name or a uid; the same applies to *group*.
+   At least one argument is required.
+
+   .. audit-event:: pathlib.Path.chown path,owner,group pathlib.Path.chown
+
+   .. availability:: Unix.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 .. method:: Path.exists(*, follow_symlinks=True)
 
    Return ``True`` if the path points to an existing file or directory.
@@ -1466,6 +1479,7 @@ Below is a table mapping various :mod:`os` functions to their corresponding
 :func:`os.path.abspath`                :meth:`Path.absolute` [#]_
 :func:`os.path.realpath`               :meth:`Path.resolve`
 :func:`os.chmod`                       :meth:`Path.chmod`
+:func:`os.chown`                       :meth:`Path.chown` [#]_
 :func:`os.mkdir`                       :meth:`Path.mkdir`
 :func:`os.makedirs`                    :meth:`Path.mkdir`
 :func:`os.rename`                      :meth:`Path.rename`
@@ -1500,4 +1514,5 @@ Below is a table mapping various :mod:`os` functions to their corresponding
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
 .. [#] :func:`os.path.abspath` normalizes the resulting path, which may change its meaning in the presence of symlinks, while :meth:`Path.absolute` does not.
+.. [#] :meth:`Path.chown` supports owner and group names and IDs, whereas :func:`os.chown` only supports IDs.
 .. [#] :meth:`PurePath.relative_to` requires ``self`` to be the subpath of the argument, but :func:`os.path.relpath` does not.
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib.py b/Lib/pathlib.py
index 68255aa3e511ec..6de4b2c5727e7c 100644
--- a/Lib/pathlib.py
+++ b/Lib/pathlib.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 from _collections_abc import Sequence
 from errno import ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EBADF, ELOOP
 from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO
-from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as urlquote_from_bytes
 
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -410,7 +409,8 @@ def as_uri(self):
             # It's a posix path => 'file:///etc/hosts'
             prefix = 'file://'
             path = str(self)
-        return prefix + urlquote_from_bytes(os.fsencode(path))
+        from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
+        return prefix + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode(path))
 
     @property
     def _str_normcase(self):
@@ -1241,6 +1241,37 @@ def lchmod(self, mode):
         """
         self.chmod(mode, follow_symlinks=False)
 
+    if hasattr(os, 'chown'):
+        def chown(self, owner=None, group=None):
+            """Change the owner and/or group of the path.
+
+            owner and group can be the uid/gid or the user/group names, and
+            in that case, they are converted to their respective uid/gid.
+            """
+            sys.audit('pathlib.Path.chown', self, owner, group)
+
+            if owner is None:
+                if group is None:
+                    raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set")
+                owner = -1
+            elif isinstance(owner, str):
+                try:
+                    import pwd
+                    owner = pwd.getpwnam(owner)[2]
+                except (ImportError, KeyError):
+                    raise LookupError(f"no such user: {owner!r}") from None
+
+            if group is None:
+                group = -1
+            elif isinstance(group, str):
+                try:
+                    import grp
+                    group = grp.getgrnam(group)[2]
+                except (ImportError, KeyError):
+                    raise LookupError(f"no such group: {group!r}") from None
+
+            os.chown(self, owner, group)
+
     def unlink(self, missing_ok=False):
         """
         Remove this file or link.
diff --git a/Lib/shutil.py b/Lib/shutil.py
index 7d1a3d00011f37..f0811bd3082aed 100644
--- a/Lib/shutil.py
+++ b/Lib/shutil.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import fnmatch
 import collections
 import errno
+import pathlib
 import warnings
 
 try:
@@ -1381,29 +1382,14 @@ def chown(path, user=None, group=None):
     """
     sys.audit('shutil.chown', path, user, group)
 
-    if user is None and group is None:
-        raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set")
-
-    _user = user
-    _group = group
-
-    # -1 means don't change it
-    if user is None:
-        _user = -1
-    # user can either be an int (the uid) or a string (the system username)
-    elif isinstance(user, str):
-        _user = _get_uid(user)
-        if _user is None:
-            raise LookupError("no such user: {!r}".format(user))
-
-    if group is None:
-        _group = -1
-    elif not isinstance(group, int):
-        _group = _get_gid(group)
-        if _group is None:
-            raise LookupError("no such group: {!r}".format(group))
-
-    os.chown(path, _user, _group)
+    if not isinstance(path, pathlib.Path):
+        path = os.fspath(path)
+        if isinstance(path, bytes):
+            path = os.fsdecode(path)
+        path = pathlib.Path(path)
+
+    path.chown(user, group)
+
 
 def get_terminal_size(fallback=(80, 24)):
     """Get the size of the terminal window.
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
index e25c77f2ba8af6..6c51bfc8fc6cc4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
@@ -3101,6 +3101,67 @@ def test_handling_bad_descriptor(self):
                 self.fail("Bad file descriptor not handled.")
             raise
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pwd, "the pwd module is needed for this test")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'chown'), 'requires os.chown')
+    def test_chown(self):
+        dirname = self.cls(BASE)
+        filename = dirname / "fileA"
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            filename.chown()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
+            filename.chown(owner='non-existing username')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
+            filename.chown(group='non-existing groupname')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            filename.chown(b'spam')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            filename.chown(3.14)
+
+        uid = os.getuid()
+        gid = os.getgid()
+
+        def check_chown(path, uid=None, gid=None):
+            s = path.stat()
+            if uid is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(uid, s.st_uid)
+            if gid is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(gid, s.st_gid)
+
+        filename.chown(uid, gid)
+        check_chown(filename, uid, gid)
+        filename.chown(uid)
+        check_chown(filename, uid)
+        filename.chown(owner=uid)
+        check_chown(filename, uid)
+        filename.chown(group=gid)
+        check_chown(filename, gid=gid)
+
+        dirname.chown(uid, gid)
+        check_chown(dirname, uid, gid)
+        dirname.chown(uid)
+        check_chown(dirname, uid)
+        dirname.chown(owner=uid)
+        check_chown(dirname, uid)
+        dirname.chown(group=gid)
+        check_chown(dirname, gid=gid)
+
+        try:
+            owner = pwd.getpwuid(uid)[0]
+            group = grp.getgrgid(gid)[0]
+        except KeyError:
+            # On some systems uid/gid cannot be resolved.
+            pass
+        else:
+            filename.chown(owner, group)
+            check_chown(filename, uid, gid)
+            dirname.chown(owner, group)
+            check_chown(dirname, uid, gid)
 
 @only_nt
 class WindowsPathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-05-04-23-22-33.gh-issue-64978.lwBZ3C.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-05-04-23-22-33.gh-issue-64978.lwBZ3C.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9d9e04ef3d3e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-05-04-23-22-33.gh-issue-64978.lwBZ3C.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.chown`, which changes the owner and/or group of a
+path.