From 01d5e5c34525711f4aa1510cae0d789e61c337bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Duane Griffin <duaneg@dghda.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 00:17:02 +1200
Subject: [PATCH] gh-135335: flush stdout/stderr in forkserver after preloading
 modules (GH-135338)

If a preloaded module writes to stdout or stderr, and the stream is buffered,
child processes will inherit the buffered data after forking. Attempt to
prevent this by flushing the streams after preload.
(cherry picked from commit 9877d191f441741fc27ae5e7a6dd7ab6d4bcc6b7)

Co-authored-by: Duane Griffin <duaneg@dghda.com>
Co-authored-by: Mikhail Efimov <efimov.mikhail@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
---
 Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py             |  4 +++
 Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py             | 29 +++++++++++++++++++
 Lib/test/mp_preload_flush.py                  | 15 ++++++++++
 ...-06-10-21-42-04.gh-issue-135335.WnUqb_.rst |  2 ++
 4 files changed, 50 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Lib/test/mp_preload_flush.py
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-10-21-42-04.gh-issue-135335.WnUqb_.rst

diff --git a/Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py b/Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py
index 681af2610e9b37..c91891ff162c2d 100644
--- a/Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py
+++ b/Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py
@@ -222,6 +222,10 @@ def main(listener_fd, alive_r, preload, main_path=None, sys_path=None,
             except ImportError:
                 pass
 
+        # gh-135335: flush stdout/stderr in case any of the preloaded modules
+        # wrote to them, otherwise children might inherit buffered data
+        util._flush_std_streams()
+
     util._close_stdin()
 
     sig_r, sig_w = os.pipe()
diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index 63f522f6ecce21..9a72362c022343 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -6789,6 +6789,35 @@ def test_child_sys_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(child_sys_path[1:], sys.path[1:])
         self.assertIsNone(import_error, msg=f"child could not import {self._mod_name}")
 
+    def test_std_streams_flushed_after_preload(self):
+        # gh-135335: Check fork server flushes standard streams after
+        # preloading modules
+        if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != "forkserver":
+            self.skipTest("forkserver specific test")
+
+        # Create a test module in the temporary directory on the child's path
+        # TODO: This can all be simplified once gh-126631 is fixed and we can
+        #       use __main__ instead of a module.
+        dirname = os.path.join(self._temp_dir, 'preloaded_module')
+        init_name = os.path.join(dirname, '__init__.py')
+        os.mkdir(dirname)
+        with open(init_name, "w") as f:
+            cmd = '''if 1:
+                import sys
+                print('stderr', end='', file=sys.stderr)
+                print('stdout', end='', file=sys.stdout)
+            '''
+            f.write(cmd)
+
+        name = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mp_preload_flush.py')
+        env = {'PYTHONPATH': self._temp_dir}
+        _, out, err = test.support.script_helper.assert_python_ok(name, **env)
+
+        # Check stderr first, as it is more likely to be useful to see in the
+        # event of a failure.
+        self.assertEqual(err.decode().rstrip(), 'stderr')
+        self.assertEqual(out.decode().rstrip(), 'stdout')
+
 
 class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test__all__(self):
diff --git a/Lib/test/mp_preload_flush.py b/Lib/test/mp_preload_flush.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3501554d366a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/mp_preload_flush.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import multiprocessing
+import sys
+
+modname = 'preloaded_module'
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    if modname in sys.modules:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{modname!r} is not in sys.modules')
+    multiprocessing.set_start_method('forkserver')
+    multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload([modname])
+    for _ in range(2):
+        p = multiprocessing.Process()
+        p.start()
+        p.join()
+elif modname not in sys.modules:
+    raise AssertionError(f'{modname!r} is not in sys.modules')
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-10-21-42-04.gh-issue-135335.WnUqb_.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-10-21-42-04.gh-issue-135335.WnUqb_.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..466ba0d232cd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-10-21-42-04.gh-issue-135335.WnUqb_.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:mod:`multiprocessing`: Flush ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` after preloading
+modules in the ``forkserver``.