.. date: 2025-12-25-00-38-20
.. gh-issue: 143082
.. nonce: CYUeux
.. release date: 2026-01-14
.. section: Windows

Fix :mod:`pdb` arrow key history not working when ``stdin`` is
``sys.stdin``.

..

.. date: 2025-09-14-13-35-44
.. gh-issue: 128067
.. nonce: BGdP_A
.. section: Windows

Fix a bug in PyREPL on Windows where output without a trailing newline was
overwritten by the next prompt.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-11-44-56
.. gh-issue: 142095
.. nonce: 4ssgnM
.. section: Tools/Demos

Make gdb 'py-bt' command use frame from thread local state when available.
Patch by Sam Gross and Victor Stinner.

..

.. date: 2026-01-09-13-52-10
.. gh-issue: 143460
.. nonce: _nW2jt
.. section: Tests

Skip tests relying on infinite recusion if stack size is unlimited.

..

.. date: 2026-01-08-11-50-06
.. gh-issue: 143553
.. nonce: KyyNTt
.. section: Tests

Add support for parametrized resources, such as ``-u xpickle=2.7``.

..

.. bpo: 31391
.. date: 2020-09-29-23-14-01
.. nonce: IZr2P8
.. section: Tests

Forward-port test_xpickle from Python 2 to Python 3 and add the resource
back to test's command line.

..

.. date: 2026-01-12-07-17-38
.. gh-issue: 143706
.. nonce: sysArgv
.. section: Library

Fix :mod:`multiprocessing` forkserver so that :data:`sys.argv` is correctly
set before ``__main__`` is preloaded. Previously, :data:`sys.argv` was empty
during main module import in forkserver child processes. This fixes a
regression introduced in 3.13.8 and 3.14.1. Root caused by Aaron Wieczorek,
test provided by Thomas Watson, thanks!

..

.. date: 2026-01-10-16-42-47
.. gh-issue: 143638
.. nonce: du5G7d
.. section: Library

Forbid reentrant calls of the :class:`pickle.Pickler` and
:class:`pickle.Unpickler` methods for the C implementation. Previously, this
could cause crash or data corruption, now concurrent calls of methods of the
same object raise :exc:`RuntimeError`.

..

.. date: 2026-01-10-15-40-57
.. gh-issue: 143658
.. nonce: Ox6pE5
.. section: Library

:mod:`importlib.metadata`: Use :meth:`str.translate` to improve performance
of :meth:`!importlib.metadata.Prepared.normalize`. Patch by Hugo van
Kemenade and Henry Schreiner.

..

.. date: 2026-01-10-10-04-08
.. gh-issue: 78724
.. nonce: xkXfxX
.. section: Library

Raise :exc:`RuntimeError`'s when user attempts to call methods on
half-initialized :class:`~struct.Struct` objects, For example, created by
``Struct.__new__(Struct)``.  Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

..

.. date: 2026-01-09-17-50-26
.. gh-issue: 143196
.. nonce: WxKxzU
.. section: Library

Fix crash when the internal encoder object returned by undocumented function
:func:`!json.encoder.c_make_encoder` was called with non-zero second
(*_current_indent_level*) argument.

..

.. date: 2026-01-09-13-07-22
.. gh-issue: 143191
.. nonce: PPR_vW
.. section: Library

:func:`_thread.stack_size` now raises :exc:`ValueError` if the stack size is
too small. Patch by Victor Stinner.

..

.. date: 2026-01-08-14-53-46
.. gh-issue: 143547
.. nonce: wHBVlr
.. section: Library

Fix :func:`sys.unraisablehook` when the hook raises an exception and changes
:func:`sys.unraisablehook`: hold a strong reference to the old hook. Patch
by Victor Stinner.

..

.. date: 2026-01-08-13-41-58
.. gh-issue: 139686
.. nonce: S_nzkl
.. section: Library

Revert 0a97941245f1dda6d838f9aaf0512104e5253929 and
57db12514ac686f0a752ec8fe1c08b6daa0c6219 which made importlib.reload a no-op
for lazy modules; caused Buildbot failures.

..

.. date: 2026-01-07-15-49-06
.. gh-issue: 143517
.. nonce: FP5KgL
.. section: Library

:func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` no longer raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`
when evaluating a stringified starred annotation that starts with one or
more whitespace characters followed by a ``*``. Patch by Bartosz Sławecki.

..

.. date: 2026-01-06-12-00-00
.. gh-issue: 143474
.. nonce: cQM4VA
.. section: Library

Add :data:`os.RWF_ATOMIC` constant for Linux 6.11+.

..

.. date: 2026-01-05-12-20-42
.. gh-issue: 143445
.. nonce: rgxnbL
.. section: Library

Speed up :func:`copy.deepcopy` by 1.04x.

..

.. date: 2026-01-03-19-41-36
.. gh-issue: 143378
.. nonce: 29AvE7
.. section: Library

Fix use-after-free crashes when a :class:`~io.BytesIO` object is
concurrently mutated during :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.write` or
:meth:`~io.IOBase.writelines`.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-17-26-33
.. gh-issue: 143368
.. nonce: m3EF9E
.. section: Library

Fix endless retry loop in :mod:`profiling.sampling` blocking mode when
threads cannot be seized due to ``EPERM``. Such threads are now skipped
instead of causing repeated error messages. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-12-55-52
.. gh-issue: 143346
.. nonce: iTekce
.. section: Library

Fix incorrect wrapping of the Base64 data in :class:`!plistlib._PlistWriter`
when the indent contains a mix of tabs and spaces.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-09-32-43
.. gh-issue: 140025
.. nonce: zOX58_
.. section: Library

:mod:`queue`: Fix :meth:`!SimpleQueue.__sizeof__` computation.

..

.. date: 2026-01-01-11-21-57
.. gh-issue: 143310
.. nonce: 8rxtH3
.. section: Library

:mod:`tkinter`: fix a crash when a Python :class:`list` is mutated during
the conversion to a Tcl object (e.g., when setting a Tcl variable). Patch by
Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-31-20-43-02
.. gh-issue: 143309
.. nonce: cdFxdH
.. section: Library

Fix a crash in :func:`os.execve` on non-Windows platforms when given a
custom environment mapping which is then mutated during parsing. Patch by
Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-31-17-38-33
.. gh-issue: 143308
.. nonce: lY8UCR
.. section: Library

:mod:`pickle`: fix use-after-free crashes when a
:class:`~pickle.PickleBuffer` is concurrently mutated by a custom buffer
callback during pickling. Patch by Bénédikt Tran and Aaron Wieczorek.

..

.. date: 2025-12-29-21-12-12
.. gh-issue: 142939
.. nonce: OyQQr5
.. section: Library

Performance optimisations for :func:`difflib.get_close_matches`

..

.. date: 2025-12-29-00-42-26
.. gh-issue: 124951
.. nonce: OsC5K4
.. section: Library

The base64 implementation behind the :mod:`binascii`, :mod:`base64`, and
related codec has been optimized for modern pipelined CPU architectures and
now performs 2-3x faster across all platforms.

..

.. date: 2025-12-28-20-28-05
.. gh-issue: 143237
.. nonce: q1ymuA
.. section: Library

Fix support of named pipes in the rotating :mod:`logging` handlers.

..

.. date: 2025-12-28-14-41-02
.. gh-issue: 143249
.. nonce: K4vEp4
.. section: Library

Fix possible buffer leaks in Windows overlapped I/O on error handling.

..

.. date: 2025-12-28-13-49-06
.. gh-issue: 143241
.. nonce: 5H4b8d
.. section: Library

:mod:`zoneinfo`: fix infinite loop in :meth:`ZoneInfo.from_file
<zoneinfo.ZoneInfo.from_file>` when parsing a malformed TZif file. Patch by
Fatih Celik.

..

.. date: 2025-12-28-13-12-40
.. gh-issue: 142830
.. nonce: uEyd6r
.. section: Library

:mod:`sqlite3`: fix use-after-free crashes when the connection's callbacks
are mutated during a callback execution. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-15-41-27
.. gh-issue: 143200
.. nonce: 2hEUAl
.. section: Library

:mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: fix use-after-free crashes in
:meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`~object.__setitem__` methods of
:class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` when the element is concurrently
mutated. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-13-47-59
.. gh-issue: 143214
.. nonce: gf6nZK
.. section: Library

Add the *wrapcol* parameter in :func:`binascii.b2a_base64` and
:func:`base64.b64encode`.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-00-14-56
.. gh-issue: 142195
.. nonce: UgBEo5
.. section: Library

Updated timeout evaluation logic in :mod:`subprocess` to be compatible with
deterministic environments like Shadow where time moves exactly as
requested.

..

.. date: 2025-12-26-14-51-50
.. gh-issue: 140739
.. nonce: BAbZTo
.. section: Library

Fix several crashes due to reading invalid memory in the new Tachyon
sampling profiler. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

..

.. date: 2025-12-25-08-58-55
.. gh-issue: 142164
.. nonce: XrFztf
.. section: Library

Fix the ctypes bitfield overflow error message to report the correct offset
and size calculation.

..

.. date: 2025-12-24-14-18-52
.. gh-issue: 143145
.. nonce: eXLw8D
.. section: Library

Fixed a possible reference leak in ctypes when constructing results with
multiple output parameters on error.

..

.. date: 2025-12-23-17-07-22
.. gh-issue: 143103
.. nonce: LRjXEW
.. section: Library

Add padding support to :func:`base64.z85encode` via the ``pad`` parameter.

..

.. date: 2025-12-23-11-43-05
.. gh-issue: 130796
.. nonce: TkzUGx
.. section: Library

Undeprecate the :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` function. Patch by Victor
Stinner.

..

.. date: 2025-12-22-18-25-54
.. gh-issue: 74902
.. nonce: HqrWUV
.. section: Library

Add the :func:`~unicodedata.iter_graphemes` function in the
:mod:`unicodedata` module to iterate over grapheme clusters according to
rules defined in `Unicode Standard Annex #29, "Unicode Text Segmentation"
<https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/>`_. Add
:func:`~unicodedata.grapheme_cluster_break`,
:func:`~unicodedata.indic_conjunct_break` and
:func:`~unicodedata.extended_pictographic` functions to get the properties
of the character which are related to the above algorithm.

..

.. date: 2025-12-22-00-00-00
.. gh-issue: 143004
.. nonce: uaf-counter
.. section: Library

Fix a potential use-after-free in :meth:`collections.Counter.update` when
user code mutates the Counter during an update.

..

.. date: 2025-12-21-17-24-29
.. gh-issue: 140648
.. nonce: i8dca6
.. section: Library

The :mod:`asyncio` REPL now respects the :option:`-I` flag (isolated mode).
Previously, it would load and execute :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` even if the
flag was set. Contributed by Bartosz Sławecki.

..

.. date: 2025-12-20-10-21-23
.. gh-issue: 142991
.. nonce: jYHD9E
.. section: Library

Fixed socket operations such as recvfrom() and sendto() for FreeBSD
divert(4) socket.

..

.. date: 2025-12-19-12-38-01
.. gh-issue: 116738
.. nonce: iMt3Ol
.. section: Library

Make the attributes in :mod:`lzma` thread-safe on the :term:`free threaded
<free threading>` build.

..

.. date: 2025-12-18-22-58-46
.. gh-issue: 142950
.. nonce: EJ8w-T
.. section: Library

Fix regression in :mod:`argparse` where format specifiers in help strings
raised :exc:`ValueError`.

..

.. date: 2025-12-17-20-18-17
.. gh-issue: 142881
.. nonce: 5IizIQ
.. section: Library

Fix concurrent and reentrant call of :func:`atexit.unregister`.

..

.. date: 2025-12-12-08-51-29
.. gh-issue: 142615
.. nonce: GoJ6el
.. section: Library

Fix possible crashes when initializing :class:`asyncio.Task` or
:class:`asyncio.Future` multiple times. These classes can now be initialized
only once and any subsequent initialization attempt will raise a
RuntimeError. Patch by Kumar Aditya.

..

.. date: 2025-12-10-10-00-06
.. gh-issue: 142517
.. nonce: fG4hbe
.. section: Library

The non-``compat32`` :mod:`email` policies now correctly handle refolding
encoded words that contain bytes that can not be decoded in their specified
character set.  Previously this resulted in an encoding exception during
folding.

..

.. date: 2025-12-06-19-49-20
.. gh-issue: 138122
.. nonce: m3EF9E
.. section: Library

The Tachyon profiler's live TUI now integrates with the experimental
:mod:`!_colorize` theming system. Users can customize colors via
:func:`!_colorize.set_theme` (experimental API, subject to change). A
:class:`!LiveProfilerLight` theme is provided for light terminal
backgrounds. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

..

.. date: 2025-12-05-17-22-25
.. gh-issue: 142306
.. nonce: Gj3_1m
.. section: Library

Improve errors for :meth:`Element.remove
<xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.remove>`.

..

.. date: 2025-10-04-20-48-02
.. gh-issue: 63016
.. nonce: EC9QN_
.. section: Library

Add a ``flags`` parameter to :meth:`mmap.mmap.flush` to control
synchronization behavior.

..

.. date: 2025-09-23-16-41-21
.. gh-issue: 139262
.. nonce: RO0E98
.. section: Library

Some keystrokes can be swallowed in the new ``PyREPL`` on Windows,
especially when used together with the ALT key. Fix by Chris Eibl.

..

.. date: 2025-09-14-22-26-50
.. gh-issue: 138897
.. nonce: vnUb_L
.. section: Library

Improved :data:`license`/:data:`copyright`/:data:`credits` display in the
:term:`REPL`: now uses a pager.

..

.. date: 2025-08-17-00-28-50
.. gh-issue: 135852
.. nonce: lQqOjQ
.. section: Library

Add :func:`!_winapi.RegisterEventSource`,
:func:`!_winapi.DeregisterEventSource` and :func:`!_winapi.ReportEvent`.
Using these functions in :class:`~logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler` to
replace :mod:`!pywin32`.

..

.. date: 2025-06-22-18-57-19
.. gh-issue: 109263
.. nonce: f92V95
.. section: Library

Starting a process from spawn context in :mod:`multiprocessing` no longer
sets the start method globally.

..

.. date: 2025-04-19-17-34-11
.. gh-issue: 132715
.. nonce: XXl47F
.. section: Library

Skip writing objects during marshalling once a failure has occurred.

..

.. date: 2025-10-30-19-28-42
.. gh-issue: 140806
.. nonce: RBT9YH
.. section: Documentation

Add documentation for :func:`enum.bin`.

..

.. date: 2026-01-12-22-49-36
.. gh-issue: 134584
.. nonce: guDlsj
.. section: Core and Builtins

Eliminate redundant refcounting from ``_CONTAINS_OP``, ``_CONTAINS_OP_SET``
and ``_CONTAINS_OP_DICT``.

..

.. date: 2026-01-10-17-13-04
.. gh-issue: 143604
.. nonce: BygbVT
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a reference counting issue in the JIT tracer where the current executor
could be prematurely freed during tracing.

..

.. date: 2026-01-06-12-30-03
.. gh-issue: 143469
.. nonce: vHVhEY
.. section: Core and Builtins

Enable :opcode:`!LOAD_ATTR_MODULE` specialization even if
:func:`!__getattr__` is defined in module.

..

.. date: 2026-01-04-23-53-42
.. gh-issue: 134584
.. nonce: CNrxI_
.. section: Core and Builtins

Eliminate redundant refcounting from ``TO_BOOL_STR``.

..

.. date: 2026-01-04-16-56-17
.. gh-issue: 143377
.. nonce: YJqMCa
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a crash in :func:`!_interpreters.capture_exception` when the exception
is incorrectly formatted. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2026-01-04-11-08-20
.. gh-issue: 139757
.. nonce: AR6LG0
.. section: Core and Builtins

Add ``BINARY_OP_SUBSCR_USTR_INT`` to specialize reading an ASCII character
from any string. Patch by Chris Eibl.

..

.. date: 2026-01-03-15-44-51
.. gh-issue: 141504
.. nonce: sbnJlM
.. section: Core and Builtins

Factor out tracing and optimization heuristics into a single object. Patch
by Donghee Na.

..

.. date: 2026-01-03-14-47-49
.. gh-issue: 142982
.. nonce: 0lAtc7
.. section: Core and Builtins

Specialize :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION_EX` for Python and non-Python callables.

..

.. date: 2026-01-03-14-02-11
.. gh-issue: 136924
.. nonce: UMgdPn
.. section: Core and Builtins

The interactive help mode in the :term:`REPL` no longer incorrectly syntax
highlights text input as Python code. Contributed by Olga Matoula.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-22-35-12
.. gh-issue: 139757
.. nonce: v5LRew
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix unintended bytecode specialization for non-ascii string. Patch by
Donghee Na, Ken Jin and Chris Eibl.

..

.. date: 2026-01-02-17-11-16
.. gh-issue: 143361
.. nonce: YDnvdC
.. section: Core and Builtins

Add ``PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`` to
``_Py_CallBuiltinClass_StackRefSteal`` to avoid redundant allocations

..

.. date: 2026-01-01-23-41-50
.. gh-issue: 131798
.. nonce: QUqDdK
.. section: Core and Builtins

The JIT optimizer now understands more generator instructions.

..

.. date: 2026-01-01-17-01-24
.. gh-issue: 134584
.. nonce: nis8LC
.. section: Core and Builtins

Eliminate redundant refcounting from ``_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT``.

..

.. date: 2025-12-30-06-48-48
.. gh-issue: 143189
.. nonce: in_sv2
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix crash when inserting a non-:class:`str` key into a split table
dictionary when the key matches an existing key in the split table but has
no corresponding value in the dict.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-23-57-43
.. gh-issue: 143228
.. nonce: m3EF9E
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix use-after-free in perf trampoline when toggling profiling while threads
are running or during interpreter finalization with daemon threads active.
The fix uses reference counting to ensure trampolines are not freed while
any code object could still reference them. Pach by Pablo Galindo

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-13-18-12
.. gh-issue: 142664
.. nonce: peeEDV
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a use-after-free crash in :meth:`memoryview.__hash__ <object.__hash__>`
when the ``__hash__`` method of the referenced object mutates that object or
the view. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-12-25-06
.. gh-issue: 142557
.. nonce: KWOc8b
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a use-after-free crash in :ref:`bytearray.__mod__ <bytes-formatting>`
when the :class:`!bytearray` is mutated while formatting the ``%``-style
arguments. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-27-10-14-26
.. gh-issue: 143195
.. nonce: MNldfr
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix use-after-free crashes in :meth:`bytearray.hex` and
:meth:`memoryview.hex` when the separator's :meth:`~object.__len__` mutates
the original object. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

..

.. date: 2025-12-26-11-00-44
.. gh-issue: 143183
.. nonce: rhxzZr
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a bug in the JIT when dealing with unsupported control-flow or
operations.

..

.. date: 2025-12-24-13-44-24
.. gh-issue: 142975
.. nonce: 8C4vIP
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix crash after unfreezing all objects tracked by the garbage collector on
the :term:`free threaded <free threading>` build.

..

.. date: 2025-12-24-11-39-59
.. gh-issue: 143135
.. nonce: 3d5ovx
.. section: Core and Builtins

Set :data:`sys.flags.inspect` to ``1`` when :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` is
``0``. Previously, it was set to ``0`` in this case.

..

.. date: 2025-12-23-23-36-41
.. gh-issue: 143123
.. nonce: -51gt_
.. section: Core and Builtins

Protect the JIT against recursive tracing.

..

.. date: 2025-12-23-23-06-11
.. gh-issue: 143092
.. nonce: 6MISbb
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a crash in the JIT when dealing with ``list.append(x)`` style code.

..

.. date: 2025-12-23-00-13-02
.. gh-issue: 143003
.. nonce: 92g5qW
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix an overflow of the shared empty buffer in :meth:`bytearray.extend` when
``__length_hint__()`` returns 0 for non-empty iterator.

..

.. date: 2025-12-22-22-37-53
.. gh-issue: 143006
.. nonce: ZBQwbN
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a possible assertion error when comparing negative non-integer ``float``
and ``int`` with the same number of bits in the integer part.

..

.. date: 2025-12-22-16-22-02
.. gh-issue: 116738
.. nonce: caQuq_
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix thread safety of :func:`contextvars.Context.run`.

..

.. date: 2025-12-17-19-45-10
.. gh-issue: 142829
.. nonce: ICtLXy
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix a use-after-free crash in :class:`contextvars.Context` comparison when a
custom ``__eq__`` method modifies the context via
:meth:`~contextvars.ContextVar.set`.

..

.. date: 2025-12-17-10-12-09
.. gh-issue: 142863
.. nonce: ZW2ZF8
.. section: Core and Builtins

Generate optimized bytecode when calling :class:`list` or :class:`set` with
generator expression.

..

.. date: 2025-11-19-20-42-21
.. gh-issue: 41779
.. nonce: Psz9Vo
.. section: Core and Builtins

Allowed defining any :ref:`__slots__ <slots>` for a class derived from
:class:`tuple` (including classes created by
:func:`collections.namedtuple`).

..

.. date: 2025-09-30-21-59-56
.. gh-issue: 69605
.. nonce: qcmGF3
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix edge-cases around already imported modules in the :term:`REPL`
auto-completion of imports.

..

.. date: 2025-09-06-08-29-08
.. gh-issue: 138568
.. nonce: iZlalC
.. section: Core and Builtins

Adjusted the built-in :func:`help` function so that empty inputs are ignored
in interactive mode.

..

.. date: 2025-08-10-12-46-36
.. gh-issue: 131798
.. nonce: 5ys0H_
.. section: Core and Builtins

Remove bounds check when indexing into tuples with a constant index.

..

.. date: 2025-06-23-20-54-15
.. gh-issue: 134584
.. nonce: ZNcziF
.. section: Core and Builtins

Eliminate redundant refcounting from ``_CALL_TYPE_1``. Patch by Tomas Roun

..

.. date: 2025-04-04-20-38-29
.. gh-issue: 132108
.. nonce: UwZIQy
.. section: Core and Builtins

Speed up :meth:`int.from_bytes` when passed object supports :ref:`buffer
protocol <bufferobjects>`, like :class:`bytearray` by ~1.2x.

..

.. date: 2024-12-29-21-33-08
.. gh-issue: 128334
.. nonce: 3c5Nou
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make the :class:`slice` class subscriptable at runtime to be consistent with
typing implementation.

..

.. date: 2025-11-17-17-46-16
.. gh-issue: 141671
.. nonce: cVXNW5
.. section: C API

:c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` (and the new :c:macro:`PyMODEXPORT_FUNC`) now adds
a linkage declaration (``__declspec(dllexport)``) on Windows.