# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # # Translators: # python-doc bot, 2025 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-04-17 14:50+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:00+0000\n" "Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n" "Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: pl\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4) && " "(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 && " "n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n" msgid "Glossary" msgstr "Słownik" msgid "``>>>``" msgstr "``>>>``" msgid "" "The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell. Often seen for " "code examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter." msgstr "" msgid "``...``" msgstr "``...``" msgid "Can refer to:" msgstr "Może odnosić się do:" msgid "" "The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell when entering the " "code for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left and " "right delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triple " "quotes), or after specifying a decorator." msgstr "" msgid "" "The three dots form of the :ref:`Ellipsis ` object." msgstr "" msgid "abstract base class" msgstr "abstrakcyjna klasa bazowa" msgid "" "Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to " "define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy " "or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods `). " "ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't inherit from " "a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` and :func:" "`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation. Python comes with " "many built-in ABCs for data structures (in the :mod:`collections.abc` " "module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), streams (in the :mod:`io` " "module), import finders and loaders (in the :mod:`importlib.abc` module). " "You can create your own ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module." msgstr "" msgid "annotate function" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function that can be called to retrieve the :term:`annotations " "` of an object. This function is accessible as the :attr:" "`~object.__annotate__` attribute of functions, classes, and modules. " "Annotate functions are a subset of :term:`evaluate functions `." msgstr "" msgid "annotation" msgstr "adnotacja" msgid "" "A label associated with a variable, a class attribute or a function " "parameter or return value, used by convention as a :term:`type hint`." msgstr "" "Etykieta powiązana ze zmienną, atrybutem klasy lub parametrem funkcji lub " "wartością zwracaną, używana zgodnie z konwencją jako :term:`type hint`." msgid "" "Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but " "annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions can be " "retrieved by calling :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` on modules, " "classes, and functions, respectively." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484`, :" "pep:`526`, and :pep:`649`, which describe this functionality. Also see :ref:" "`annotations-howto` for best practices on working with annotations." msgstr "" msgid "argument" msgstr "argument" msgid "" "A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the " "function. There are two kinds of argument:" msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. " "``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded " "by ``**``. For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the " "following calls to :func:`complex`::" msgstr "" msgid "" "complex(real=3, imag=5)\n" "complex(**{'real': 3, 'imag': 5})" msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. " "Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or " "be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example, " "``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::" msgstr "" msgid "" "complex(3, 5)\n" "complex(*(3, 5))" msgstr "" msgid "" "Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See " "the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. " "Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the " "evaluated value is assigned to the local variable." msgstr "" msgid "" "See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the " "difference between arguments and parameters `, " "and :pep:`362`." msgstr "" msgid "asynchronous context manager" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object which controls the environment seen in an :keyword:`async with` " "statement by defining :meth:`~object.__aenter__` and :meth:`~object." "__aexit__` methods. Introduced by :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "asynchronous generator" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function which returns an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator`. It " "looks like a coroutine function defined with :keyword:`async def` except " "that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of " "values usable in an :keyword:`async for` loop." msgstr "" msgid "" "Usually refers to an asynchronous generator function, but may refer to an " "*asynchronous generator iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the " "intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity." msgstr "" msgid "" "An asynchronous generator function may contain :keyword:`await` expressions " "as well as :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` statements." msgstr "" msgid "asynchronous generator iterator" msgstr "" msgid "An object created by an :term:`asynchronous generator` function." msgstr "" msgid "" "This is an :term:`asynchronous iterator` which when called using the :meth:" "`~object.__anext__` method returns an awaitable object which will execute " "the body of the asynchronous generator function until the next :keyword:" "`yield` expression." msgstr "" msgid "" "Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the " "execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). " "When the *asynchronous generator iterator* effectively resumes with another " "awaitable returned by :meth:`~object.__anext__`, it picks up where it left " "off. See :pep:`492` and :pep:`525`." msgstr "" msgid "asynchronous iterable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object, that can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement. Must " "return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` from its :meth:`~object.__aiter__` " "method. Introduced by :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "asynchronous iterator" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object that implements the :meth:`~object.__aiter__` and :meth:`~object." "__anext__` methods. :meth:`~object.__anext__` must return an :term:" "`awaitable` object. :keyword:`async for` resolves the awaitables returned by " "an asynchronous iterator's :meth:`~object.__anext__` method until it raises " "a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception. Introduced by :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "atomic operation" msgstr "" msgid "" "An operation that appears to execute as a single, indivisible step: no other " "thread can observe it half-done, and its effects become visible all at " "once. Python does not guarantee that high-level statements are atomic (for " "example, ``x += 1`` performs multiple bytecode operations and is not " "atomic). Atomicity is only guaranteed where explicitly documented. See " "also :term:`race condition` and :term:`data race`." msgstr "" msgid "attached thread state" msgstr "" msgid "A :term:`thread state` that is active for the current OS thread." msgstr "" msgid "" "When a :term:`thread state` is attached, the OS thread has access to the " "full Python C API and can safely invoke the bytecode interpreter." msgstr "" msgid "" "Unless a function explicitly notes otherwise, attempting to call the C API " "without an attached thread state will result in a fatal error or undefined " "behavior. A thread state can be attached and detached explicitly by the " "user through the C API, or implicitly by the runtime, including during " "blocking C calls and by the bytecode interpreter in between calls." msgstr "" msgid "" "On most builds of Python, having an attached thread state implies that the " "caller holds the :term:`GIL` for the current interpreter, so only one OS " "thread can have an attached thread state at a given moment. In :term:`free-" "threaded builds ` of Python, threads can concurrently " "hold an attached thread state, allowing for true parallelism of the bytecode " "interpreter." msgstr "" msgid "attribute" msgstr "atrybut" msgid "" "A value associated with an object which is usually referenced by name using " "dotted expressions. For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it " "would be referenced as *o.a*." msgstr "" msgid "" "It is possible to give an object an attribute whose name is not an " "identifier as defined by :ref:`identifiers`, for example using :func:" "`setattr`, if the object allows it. Such an attribute will not be accessible " "using a dotted expression, and would instead need to be retrieved with :func:" "`getattr`." msgstr "" msgid "awaitable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object that can be used in an :keyword:`await` expression. Can be a :" "term:`coroutine` or an object with an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. See " "also :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "BDFL" msgstr "BDFL" msgid "" "Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum `_, Python's creator." msgstr "" msgid "binary file" msgstr "plik binarny" msgid "" "A :term:`file object` able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects " "`. Examples of binary files are files opened in binary " "mode (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` or ``'rb+'``), :data:`sys.stdin.buffer `, :data:`sys.stdout.buffer `, and instances of :class:`io." "BytesIO` and :class:`gzip.GzipFile`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See also :term:`text file` for a file object able to read and write :class:" "`str` objects." msgstr "" msgid "borrowed reference" msgstr "" msgid "" "In Python's C API, a borrowed reference is a reference to an object, where " "the code using the object does not own the reference. It becomes a dangling " "pointer if the object is destroyed. For example, a garbage collection can " "remove the last :term:`strong reference` to the object and so destroy it." msgstr "" msgid "" "Calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the :term:`borrowed reference` is recommended " "to convert it to a :term:`strong reference` in-place, except when the object " "cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed reference. The :c:" "func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a new :term:`strong " "reference`." msgstr "" msgid "bytes-like object" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object that supports the :ref:`bufferobjects` and can export a C-:term:" "`contiguous` buffer. This includes all :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, " "and :class:`array.array` objects, as well as many common :class:`memoryview` " "objects. Bytes-like objects can be used for various operations that work " "with binary data; these include compression, saving to a binary file, and " "sending over a socket." msgstr "" msgid "" "Some operations need the binary data to be mutable. The documentation often " "refers to these as \"read-write bytes-like objects\". Example mutable " "buffer objects include :class:`bytearray` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :" "class:`bytearray`. Other operations require the binary data to be stored in " "immutable objects (\"read-only bytes-like objects\"); examples of these " "include :class:`bytes` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytes` object." msgstr "" msgid "bytecode" msgstr "kod bajtowy" msgid "" "Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of " "a Python program in the CPython interpreter. The bytecode is also cached in " "``.pyc`` files so that executing the same file is faster the second time " "(recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided). This \"intermediate " "language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that executes the " "machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that bytecodes are not " "expected to work between different Python virtual machines, nor to be stable " "between Python releases." msgstr "" msgid "" "A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for :ref:" "`the dis module `." msgstr "" msgid "callable" msgstr "" msgid "" "A callable is an object that can be called, possibly with a set of arguments " "(see :term:`argument`), with the following syntax::" msgstr "" msgid "callable(argument1, argument2, argumentN)" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`function`, and by extension a :term:`method`, is a callable. An " "instance of a class that implements the :meth:`~object.__call__` method is " "also a callable." msgstr "" msgid "callback" msgstr "wywołanie zwrotne" msgid "" "A subroutine function which is passed as an argument to be executed at some " "point in the future." msgstr "" msgid "class" msgstr "klasa" msgid "" "A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally " "contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class." msgstr "" msgid "class variable" msgstr "" msgid "" "A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at class " "level (i.e., not in an instance of the class)." msgstr "" msgid "closure variable" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`free variable` referenced from a :term:`nested scope` that is " "defined in an outer scope rather than being resolved at runtime from the " "globals or builtin namespaces. May be explicitly defined with the :keyword:" "`nonlocal` keyword to allow write access, or implicitly defined if the " "variable is only being read." msgstr "" msgid "" "For example, in the ``inner`` function in the following code, both ``x`` and " "``print`` are :term:`free variables `, but only ``x`` is a " "*closure variable*::" msgstr "" msgid "" "def outer():\n" " x = 0\n" " def inner():\n" " nonlocal x\n" " x += 1\n" " print(x)\n" " return inner" msgstr "" "def outer():\n" "x = 0\n" "def inner():\n" "nonlocal x\n" "x += 1\n" "print(x)\n" "return inner" msgid "" "Due to the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute (which, despite its " "name, only includes the names of closure variables rather than listing all " "referenced free variables), the more general :term:`free variable` term is " "sometimes used even when the intended meaning is to refer specifically to " "closure variables." msgstr "" msgid "complex number" msgstr "liczba zespolona" msgid "" "An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are " "expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part. Imaginary numbers " "are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often " "written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering. Python has built-in " "support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; " "the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``. To get " "access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`. " "Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature. If you're " "not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore them." msgstr "" msgid "concurrency" msgstr "" msgid "" "The ability of a computer program to perform multiple tasks at the same " "time. Python provides libraries for writing programs that make use of " "different forms of concurrency. :mod:`asyncio` is a library for dealing " "with asynchronous tasks and coroutines. :mod:`threading` provides access to " "operating system threads and :mod:`multiprocessing` to operating system " "processes. Multi-core processors can execute threads and processes on " "different CPU cores at the same time (see :term:`parallelism`)." msgstr "" msgid "concurrent modification" msgstr "" msgid "" "When multiple threads modify shared data at the same time. Concurrent " "modification without proper synchronization can cause :term:`race conditions " "`, and might also trigger a :term:`data race `, " "data corruption, or both." msgstr "" msgid "context" msgstr "kontekst" msgid "" "This term has different meanings depending on where and how it is used. Some " "common meanings:" msgstr "" msgid "" "The temporary state or environment established by a :term:`context manager` " "via a :keyword:`with` statement." msgstr "" msgid "" "The collection of key­value bindings associated with a particular :class:" "`contextvars.Context` object and accessed via :class:`~contextvars." "ContextVar` objects. Also see :term:`context variable`." msgstr "" msgid "" "A :class:`contextvars.Context` object. Also see :term:`current context`." msgstr "" msgid "context management protocol" msgstr "" msgid "" "The :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods called by " "the :keyword:`with` statement. See :pep:`343`." msgstr "" msgid "context manager" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object which implements the :term:`context management protocol` and " "controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement. See :pep:" "`343`." msgstr "" msgid "context variable" msgstr "" msgid "" "A variable whose value depends on which context is the :term:`current " "context`. Values are accessed via :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` objects. " "Context variables are primarily used to isolate state between concurrent " "asynchronous tasks." msgstr "" msgid "contiguous" msgstr "" msgid "" "A buffer is considered contiguous exactly if it is either *C-contiguous* or " "*Fortran contiguous*. Zero-dimensional buffers are C and Fortran " "contiguous. In one-dimensional arrays, the items must be laid out in memory " "next to each other, in order of increasing indexes starting from zero. In " "multidimensional C-contiguous arrays, the last index varies the fastest when " "visiting items in order of memory address. However, in Fortran contiguous " "arrays, the first index varies the fastest." msgstr "" msgid "coroutine" msgstr "" msgid "" "Coroutines are a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines are " "entered at one point and exited at another point. Coroutines can be " "entered, exited, and resumed at many different points. They can be " "implemented with the :keyword:`async def` statement. See also :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "coroutine function" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function which returns a :term:`coroutine` object. A coroutine function " "may be defined with the :keyword:`async def` statement, and may contain :" "keyword:`await`, :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` keywords. " "These were introduced by :pep:`492`." msgstr "" msgid "CPython" msgstr "CPython" msgid "" "The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as " "distributed on `python.org `_. The term \"CPython\" " "is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such " "as Jython or IronPython." msgstr "" msgid "current context" msgstr "bieżący kontekst" msgid "" "The :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` object) that is currently " "used by :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects to access (get or set) the " "values of :term:`context variables `. Each thread has its " "own current context. Frameworks for executing asynchronous tasks (see :mod:" "`asyncio`) associate each task with a context which becomes the current " "context whenever the task starts or resumes execution." msgstr "" msgid "cyclic isolate" msgstr "" msgid "" "A subgroup of one or more objects that reference each other in a reference " "cycle, but are not referenced by objects outside the group. The goal of " "the :term:`cyclic garbage collector ` is to identify " "these groups and break the reference cycles so that the memory can be " "reclaimed." msgstr "" msgid "data race" msgstr "" msgid "" "A situation where multiple threads access the same memory location " "concurrently, at least one of the accesses is a write, and the threads do " "not use any synchronization to control their access. Data races lead to :" "term:`non-deterministic` behavior and can cause data corruption. Proper use " "of :term:`locks ` and other :term:`synchronization primitives " "` prevents data races. Note that data races can " "only happen in native code, but that :term:`native code` might be exposed in " "a Python API. See also :term:`race condition` and :term:`thread-safe`." msgstr "" msgid "deadlock" msgstr "" msgid "" "A situation in which two or more tasks (threads, processes, or coroutines) " "wait indefinitely for each other to release resources or complete actions, " "preventing any from making progress. For example, if thread A holds lock 1 " "and waits for lock 2, while thread B holds lock 2 and waits for lock 1, both " "threads will wait indefinitely. In Python this often arises from acquiring " "multiple locks in conflicting orders or from circular join/await " "dependencies. Deadlocks can be avoided by always acquiring multiple :term:" "`locks ` in a consistent order. See also :term:`lock` and :term:" "`reentrant`." msgstr "" msgid "decorator" msgstr "dekorator" msgid "" "A function returning another function, usually applied as a function " "transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax. Common examples for " "decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`." msgstr "" msgid "" "The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function " "definitions are semantically equivalent::" msgstr "" msgid "" "def f(arg):\n" " ...\n" "f = staticmethod(f)\n" "\n" "@staticmethod\n" "def f(arg):\n" " ..." msgstr "" msgid "" "The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there. See " "the documentation for :ref:`function definitions ` and :ref:`class " "definitions ` for more about decorators." msgstr "" msgid "descriptor" msgstr "deskryptor" msgid "" "Any object which defines the methods :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object." "__set__`, or :meth:`~object.__delete__`. When a class attribute is a " "descriptor, its special binding behavior is triggered upon attribute " "lookup. Normally, using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute looks up " "the object named *b* in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is a " "descriptor, the respective descriptor method gets called. Understanding " "descriptors is a key to a deep understanding of Python because they are the " "basis for many features including functions, methods, properties, class " "methods, static methods, and reference to super classes." msgstr "" msgid "" "For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors` or " "the :ref:`Descriptor How To Guide `." msgstr "" msgid "dictionary" msgstr "słownik" msgid "" "An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values. The keys " "can be any object with :meth:`~object.__hash__` and :meth:`~object.__eq__` " "methods. Called a hash in Perl." msgstr "" msgid "dictionary comprehension" msgstr "" msgid "" "A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and " "return a dictionary with the results. ``results = {n: n ** 2 for n in " "range(10)}`` generates a dictionary containing key ``n`` mapped to value ``n " "** 2``. See :ref:`comprehensions`." msgstr "" msgid "dictionary view" msgstr "" msgid "" "The objects returned from :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values`, and :meth:" "`dict.items` are called dictionary views. They provide a dynamic view on the " "dictionary’s entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, the view " "reflects these changes. To force the dictionary view to become a full list " "use ``list(dictview)``. See :ref:`dict-views`." msgstr "" msgid "docstring" msgstr "docstring" msgid "" "A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function " "or module. While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by " "the compiler and put into the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute of the " "enclosing class, function or module. Since it is available via " "introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the object." msgstr "" msgid "duck-typing" msgstr "" msgid "" "A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if " "it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply " "called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be " "a duck.\") By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-" "designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic " "substitution. Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` or :func:" "`isinstance`. (Note, however, that duck-typing can be complemented with :" "term:`abstract base classes `.) Instead, it typically " "employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming." msgstr "" msgid "dunder" msgstr "" msgid "" "An informal short-hand for \"double underscore\", used when talking about a :" "term:`special method`. For example, ``__init__`` is often pronounced " "\"dunder init\"." msgstr "" msgid "EAFP" msgstr "EAFP" msgid "" "Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. This common Python coding " "style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches " "exceptions if the assumption proves false. This clean and fast style is " "characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` " "statements. The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to " "many other languages such as C." msgstr "" msgid "evaluate function" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function that can be called to evaluate a lazily evaluated attribute of an " "object, such as the value of type aliases created with the :keyword:`type` " "statement." msgstr "" msgid "expression" msgstr "wyrażenie" msgid "" "A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value. In other words, an " "expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, " "attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value. In " "contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are " "expressions. There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as " "expressions, such as :keyword:`while`. Assignments are also statements, not " "expressions." msgstr "" msgid "extension module" msgstr "moduł rozszerzenia" msgid "" "A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core " "and with user code." msgstr "" msgid "f-string" msgstr "f-string" msgid "f-strings" msgstr "" msgid "" "String literals prefixed with ``f`` or ``F`` are commonly called \"f-" "strings\" which is short for :ref:`formatted string literals `. " "See also :pep:`498`." msgstr "" msgid "file object" msgstr "obiekt pliku" msgid "" "An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`!read` " "or :meth:`!write`) to an underlying resource. Depending on the way it was " "created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to " "another type of storage or communication device (for example standard input/" "output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.). File objects are also " "called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are actually three categories of file objects: raw :term:`binary files " "`, buffered :term:`binary files ` and :term:`text " "files `. Their interfaces are defined in the :mod:`io` module. " "The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :func:`open` " "function." msgstr "" msgid "file-like object" msgstr "" msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`." msgstr "" msgid "filesystem encoding and error handler" msgstr "" msgid "" "Encoding and error handler used by Python to decode bytes from the operating " "system and encode Unicode to the operating system." msgstr "" msgid "" "The filesystem encoding must guarantee to successfully decode all bytes " "below 128. If the file system encoding fails to provide this guarantee, API " "functions can raise :exc:`UnicodeError`." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` and :func:`sys." "getfilesystemencodeerrors` functions can be used to get the filesystem " "encoding and error handler." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are configured at Python " "startup by the :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function: see :c:member:`~PyConfig." "filesystem_encoding` and :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :" "c:type:`PyConfig`." msgstr "" msgid "See also the :term:`locale encoding`." msgstr "" msgid "finder" msgstr "wyszukiwarka" msgid "" "An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module that is being " "imported." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are two types of finder: :term:`meta path finders ` " "for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path entry finders ` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :ref:`finders-and-loaders` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail." msgstr "" msgid "floor division" msgstr "" msgid "" "Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer. The floor " "division operator is ``//``. For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` " "evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true " "division. Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` " "rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`." msgstr "" msgid "free threading" msgstr "" msgid "" "A threading model where multiple threads can run Python bytecode " "simultaneously within the same interpreter. This is in contrast to the :" "term:`global interpreter lock` which allows only one thread to execute " "Python bytecode at a time. See :pep:`703`." msgstr "" msgid "free-threaded build" msgstr "" msgid "" "A build of :term:`CPython` that supports :term:`free threading`, configured " "using the :option:`--disable-gil` option before compilation." msgstr "" msgid "See :ref:`freethreading-python-howto`." msgstr "" msgid "free variable" msgstr "" msgid "" "Formally, as defined in the :ref:`language execution model `, a " "free variable is any variable used in a namespace which is not a local " "variable in that namespace. See :term:`closure variable` for an example. " "Pragmatically, due to the name of the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` " "attribute, the term is also sometimes used as a synonym for :term:`closure " "variable`." msgstr "" msgid "function" msgstr "funkcja" msgid "" "A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be " "passed zero or more :term:`arguments ` which may be used in the " "execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and the :" "ref:`function` section." msgstr "" msgid "function annotation" msgstr "" msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a function parameter or return value." msgstr "" msgid "" "Function annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints `: " "for example, this function is expected to take two :class:`int` arguments " "and is also expected to have an :class:`int` return value::" msgstr "" msgid "" "def sum_two_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n" " return a + b" msgstr "" msgid "Function annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`function`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :term:`variable annotation` and :pep:`484`, which describe this " "functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on " "working with annotations." msgstr "" msgid "__future__" msgstr "__future__" msgid "" "A :ref:`future statement `, ``from __future__ import ``, " "directs the compiler to compile the current module using syntax or semantics " "that will become standard in a future release of Python. The :mod:" "`__future__` module documents the possible values of *feature*. By " "importing this module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new " "feature was first added to the language and when it will (or did) become the " "default::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> import __future__\n" ">>> __future__.division\n" "_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)" msgstr "" ">>> import __future__\n" ">>> __future__.division\n" "_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)" msgid "garbage collection" msgstr "zbieranie śmieci" msgid "" "The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore. Python performs " "garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector " "that is able to detect and break reference cycles. The garbage collector " "can be controlled using the :mod:`gc` module." msgstr "" msgid "generator" msgstr "generator" msgid "" "A function which returns a :term:`generator iterator`. It looks like a " "normal function except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for " "producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved " "one at a time with the :func:`next` function." msgstr "" msgid "" "Usually refers to a generator function, but may refer to a *generator " "iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the intended meaning isn't " "clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity." msgstr "" msgid "generator iterator" msgstr "" msgid "An object created by a :term:`generator` function." msgstr "" msgid "" "Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the " "execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). " "When the *generator iterator* resumes, it picks up where it left off (in " "contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)." msgstr "" msgid "generator expression" msgstr "" msgid "" "An :term:`expression` that returns an :term:`iterator`. It looks like a " "normal expression followed by a :keyword:`!for` clause defining a loop " "variable, range, and an optional :keyword:`!if` clause. The combined " "expression generates values for an enclosing function::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # sum of squares 0, 1, 4, ... 81\n" "285" msgstr "" msgid "generic function" msgstr "" msgid "" "A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation " "for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is " "determined by the dispatch algorithm." msgstr "" msgid "" "See also the :term:`single dispatch` glossary entry, the :func:`functools." "singledispatch` decorator, and :pep:`443`." msgstr "" msgid "generic type" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`type` that can be parameterized; typically a :ref:`container " "class` such as :class:`list` or :class:`dict`. Used for :" "term:`type hints ` and :term:`annotations `." msgstr "" msgid "" "For more details, see :ref:`generic alias types`, :pep:" "`483`, :pep:`484`, :pep:`585`, and the :mod:`typing` module." msgstr "" msgid "GIL" msgstr "GIL" msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`." msgstr "" msgid "global interpreter lock" msgstr "" msgid "" "The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only " "one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the " "CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-" "in types such as :class:`dict`) implicitly safe against concurrent access. " "Locking the entire interpreter makes it easier for the interpreter to be " "multi-threaded, at the expense of much of the parallelism afforded by multi-" "processor machines." msgstr "" msgid "" "However, some extension modules, either standard or third-party, are " "designed so as to release the GIL when doing computationally intensive tasks " "such as compression or hashing. Also, the GIL is always released when doing " "I/O." msgstr "" msgid "" "As of Python 3.13, the GIL can be disabled using the :option:`--disable-gil` " "build configuration. After building Python with this option, code must be " "run with :option:`-X gil=0 <-X>` or after setting the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 " "` environment variable. This feature enables improved " "performance for multi-threaded applications and makes it easier to use multi-" "core CPUs efficiently. For more details, see :pep:`703`." msgstr "" msgid "" "In prior versions of Python's C API, a function might declare that it " "requires the GIL to be held in order to use it. This refers to having an :" "term:`attached thread state`." msgstr "" msgid "global state" msgstr "" msgid "" "Data that is accessible throughout a program, such as module-level " "variables, class variables, or C static variables in :term:`extension " "modules `. In multi-threaded programs, global state " "shared between threads typically requires synchronization to avoid :term:" "`race conditions ` and :term:`data races `." msgstr "" msgid "hash-based pyc" msgstr "" msgid "" "A bytecode cache file that uses the hash rather than the last-modified time " "of the corresponding source file to determine its validity. See :ref:`pyc-" "invalidation`." msgstr "" msgid "hashable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object is *hashable* if it has a hash value which never changes during " "its lifetime (it needs a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method), and can be " "compared to other objects (it needs an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method). " "Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value." msgstr "" msgid "" "Hashability makes an object usable as a dictionary key and a set member, " "because these data structures use the hash value internally." msgstr "" msgid "" "Most of Python's immutable built-in objects are hashable; mutable containers " "(such as lists or dictionaries) are not; immutable containers (such as " "tuples and frozensets) are only hashable if their elements are hashable. " "Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by " "default. They all compare unequal (except with themselves), and their hash " "value is derived from their :func:`id`." msgstr "" msgid "IDLE" msgstr "IDLE" msgid "" "An Integrated Development and Learning Environment for Python. :ref:`idle` " "is a basic editor and interpreter environment which ships with the standard " "distribution of Python." msgstr "" msgid "immortal" msgstr "nieśmiertelne" msgid "" "*Immortal objects* are a CPython implementation detail introduced in :pep:" "`683`." msgstr "" msgid "" "If an object is immortal, its :term:`reference count` is never modified, and " "therefore it is never deallocated while the interpreter is running. For " "example, :const:`True` and :const:`None` are immortal in CPython." msgstr "" msgid "" "Immortal objects can be identified via :func:`sys._is_immortal`, or via :c:" "func:`PyUnstable_IsImmortal` in the C API." msgstr "" msgid "immutable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object with a fixed value. Immutable objects include numbers, strings " "and tuples. Such an object cannot be altered. A new object has to be " "created if a different value has to be stored. They play an important role " "in places where a constant hash value is needed, for example as a key in a " "dictionary. Immutable objects are inherently :term:`thread-safe` because " "their state cannot be modified after creation, eliminating concerns about " "improperly synchronized :term:`concurrent modification`." msgstr "" msgid "import path" msgstr "" msgid "" "A list of locations (or :term:`path entries `) that are searched " "by the :term:`path based finder` for modules to import. During import, this " "list of locations usually comes from :data:`sys.path`, but for subpackages " "it may also come from the parent package's ``__path__`` attribute." msgstr "" msgid "importing" msgstr "import" msgid "" "The process by which Python code in one module is made available to Python " "code in another module." msgstr "" msgid "importer" msgstr "importer" msgid "" "An object that both finds and loads a module; both a :term:`finder` and :" "term:`loader` object." msgstr "" msgid "index" msgstr "" msgid "" "A numeric value that represents the position of an element in a :term:" "`sequence`." msgstr "" msgid "" "In Python, indexing starts at zero. For example, ``things[0]`` names the " "*first* element of ``things``; ``things[1]`` names the second one." msgstr "" msgid "" "In some contexts, Python allows negative indexes for counting from the end " "of a sequence, and indexing using :term:`slices `." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`subscript`." msgstr "" msgid "interactive" msgstr "interaktywne" msgid "" "Python has an interactive interpreter which means you can enter statements " "and expressions at the interpreter prompt, immediately execute them and see " "their results. Just launch ``python`` with no arguments (possibly by " "selecting it from your computer's main menu). It is a very powerful way to " "test out new ideas or inspect modules and packages (remember ``help(x)``). " "For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`." msgstr "" msgid "interpreted" msgstr "zinterpretowane" msgid "" "Python is an interpreted language, as opposed to a compiled one, though the " "distinction can be blurry because of the presence of the bytecode compiler. " "This means that source files can be run directly without explicitly creating " "an executable which is then run. Interpreted languages typically have a " "shorter development/debug cycle than compiled ones, though their programs " "generally also run more slowly. See also :term:`interactive`." msgstr "" msgid "interpreter shutdown" msgstr "" msgid "" "When asked to shut down, the Python interpreter enters a special phase where " "it gradually releases all allocated resources, such as modules and various " "critical internal structures. It also makes several calls to the :term:" "`garbage collector `. This can trigger the execution of " "code in user-defined destructors or weakref callbacks. Code executed during " "the shutdown phase can encounter various exceptions as the resources it " "relies on may not function anymore (common examples are library modules or " "the warnings machinery)." msgstr "" msgid "" "The main reason for interpreter shutdown is that the ``__main__`` module or " "the script being run has finished executing." msgstr "" msgid "iterable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object capable of returning its members one at a time. Examples of " "iterables include all sequence types (such as :class:`list`, :class:`str`, " "and :class:`tuple`) and some non-sequence types like :class:`dict`, :term:" "`file objects `, and objects of any classes you define with an :" "meth:`~object.__iter__` method or with a :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method " "that implements :term:`sequence` semantics." msgstr "" msgid "" "Iterables can be used in a :keyword:`for` loop and in many other places " "where a sequence is needed (:func:`zip`, :func:`map`, ...). When an " "iterable object is passed as an argument to the built-in function :func:" "`iter`, it returns an iterator for the object. This iterator is good for " "one pass over the set of values. When using iterables, it is usually not " "necessary to call :func:`iter` or deal with iterator objects yourself. The :" "keyword:`for` statement does that automatically for you, creating a " "temporary unnamed variable to hold the iterator for the duration of the " "loop. See also :term:`iterator`, :term:`sequence`, and :term:`generator`." msgstr "" msgid "iterator" msgstr "iterator" msgid "" "An object representing a stream of data. Repeated calls to the iterator's :" "meth:`~iterator.__next__` method (or passing it to the built-in function :" "func:`next`) return successive items in the stream. When no more data are " "available a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised instead. At this " "point, the iterator object is exhausted and any further calls to its :meth:`!" "__next__` method just raise :exc:`StopIteration` again. Iterators are " "required to have an :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` method that returns the " "iterator object itself so every iterator is also iterable and may be used in " "most places where other iterables are accepted. One notable exception is " "code which attempts multiple iteration passes. A container object (such as " "a :class:`list`) produces a fresh new iterator each time you pass it to the :" "func:`iter` function or use it in a :keyword:`for` loop. Attempting this " "with an iterator will just return the same exhausted iterator object used in " "the previous iteration pass, making it appear like an empty container." msgstr "" msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`typeiter`." msgstr "" msgid "" "CPython does not consistently apply the requirement that an iterator define :" "meth:`~iterator.__iter__`. And also please note that :term:`free-threaded " "` CPython does not guarantee :term:`thread-safe` behavior of " "iterator operations." msgstr "" msgid "key" msgstr "" msgid "" "A value that identifies an entry in a :term:`mapping`. See also :term:" "`subscript`." msgstr "" msgid "key function" msgstr "" msgid "" "A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value used " "for sorting or ordering. For example, :func:`locale.strxfrm` is used to " "produce a sort key that is aware of locale specific sort conventions." msgstr "" msgid "" "A number of tools in Python accept key functions to control how elements are " "ordered or grouped. They include :func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`sorted`, :" "meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.merge`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, :func:`heapq." "nlargest`, and :func:`itertools.groupby`." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are several ways to create a key function. For example. the :meth:" "`str.casefold` method can serve as a key function for case insensitive " "sorts. Alternatively, a key function can be built from a :keyword:`lambda` " "expression such as ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``. Also, :func:`operator." "attrgetter`, :func:`operator.itemgetter`, and :func:`operator.methodcaller` " "are three key function constructors. See the :ref:`Sorting HOW TO " "` for examples of how to create and use key functions." msgstr "" msgid "keyword argument" msgstr "" msgid "See :term:`argument`." msgstr "Zobacz :term:`argument`." msgid "lambda" msgstr "lambda" msgid "" "An anonymous inline function consisting of a single :term:`expression` which " "is evaluated when the function is called. The syntax to create a lambda " "function is ``lambda [parameters]: expression``" msgstr "" msgid "LBYL" msgstr "LBYL" msgid "" "Look before you leap. This coding style explicitly tests for pre-conditions " "before making calls or lookups. This style contrasts with the :term:`EAFP` " "approach and is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`if` " "statements." msgstr "" msgid "" "In a multi-threaded environment, the LBYL approach can risk introducing a :" "term:`race condition` between \"the looking\" and \"the leaping\". For " "example, the code, ``if key in mapping: return mapping[key]`` can fail if " "another thread removes *key* from *mapping* after the test, but before the " "lookup. This issue can be solved with :term:`locks ` or by using the :" "term:`EAFP` approach. See also :term:`thread-safe`." msgstr "" msgid "lexical analyzer" msgstr "" msgid "Formal name for the *tokenizer*; see :term:`token`." msgstr "" msgid "list" msgstr "lista" msgid "" "A built-in Python :term:`sequence`. Despite its name it is more akin to an " "array in other languages than to a linked list since access to elements is " "*O*\\ (1)." msgstr "" msgid "list comprehension" msgstr "" msgid "" "A compact way to process all or part of the elements in a sequence and " "return a list with the results. ``result = ['{:#04x}'.format(x) for x in " "range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` generates a list of strings containing even hex " "numbers (0x..) in the range from 0 to 255. The :keyword:`if` clause is " "optional. If omitted, all elements in ``range(256)`` are processed." msgstr "" msgid "lock" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`synchronization primitive` that allows only one thread at a time to " "access a shared resource. A thread must acquire a lock before accessing the " "protected resource and release it afterward. If a thread attempts to " "acquire a lock that is already held by another thread, it will block until " "the lock becomes available. Python's :mod:`threading` module provides :" "class:`~threading.Lock` (a basic lock) and :class:`~threading.RLock` (a :" "term:`reentrant` lock). Locks are used to prevent :term:`race conditions " "` and ensure :term:`thread-safe` access to shared data. " "Alternative design patterns to locks exist such as queues, producer/consumer " "patterns, and thread-local state. See also :term:`deadlock`, and :term:" "`reentrant`." msgstr "" msgid "lock-free" msgstr "" msgid "" "An operation that does not acquire any :term:`lock` and uses atomic CPU " "instructions to ensure correctness. Lock-free operations can execute " "concurrently without blocking each other and cannot be blocked by operations " "that hold locks. In :term:`free-threaded ` Python, built-in " "types like :class:`dict` and :class:`list` provide lock-free read " "operations, which means other threads may observe intermediate states during " "multi-step modifications even when those modifications hold the :term:`per-" "object lock`." msgstr "" msgid "loader" msgstr "ładowarka" msgid "" "An object that loads a module. It must define the :meth:`!exec_module` and :" "meth:`!create_module` methods to implement the :class:`~importlib.abc." "Loader` interface. A loader is typically returned by a :term:`finder`. See " "also:" msgstr "" msgid ":ref:`finders-and-loaders`" msgstr ":ref:`finders-and-loaders`" msgid ":class:`importlib.abc.Loader`" msgstr ":class:`importlib.abc.Loader`" msgid ":pep:`302`" msgstr ":pep:`302`" msgid "locale encoding" msgstr "" msgid "" "On Unix, it is the encoding of the LC_CTYPE locale. It can be set with :func:" "`locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, new_locale) `." msgstr "" msgid "On Windows, it is the ANSI code page (ex: ``\"cp1252\"``)." msgstr "" msgid "" "On Android and VxWorks, Python uses ``\"utf-8\"`` as the locale encoding." msgstr "" msgid ":func:`locale.getencoding` can be used to get the locale encoding." msgstr "" msgid "See also the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." msgstr "" msgid "magic method" msgstr "metoda magiczna" msgid "An informal synonym for :term:`special method`." msgstr "" msgid "mapping" msgstr "" msgid "" "A container object that supports arbitrary key lookups and implements the " "methods specified in the :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` or :class:" "`collections.abc.MutableMapping` :ref:`abstract base classes `. Examples include :class:`dict`, :class:" "`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` and :class:" "`collections.Counter`." msgstr "" msgid "meta path finder" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`finder` returned by a search of :data:`sys.meta_path`. Meta path " "finders are related to, but different from :term:`path entry finders `." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` for the methods that meta path " "finders implement." msgstr "" msgid "metaclass" msgstr "metaklasa" msgid "" "The class of a class. Class definitions create a class name, a class " "dictionary, and a list of base classes. The metaclass is responsible for " "taking those three arguments and creating the class. Most object oriented " "programming languages provide a default implementation. What makes Python " "special is that it is possible to create custom metaclasses. Most users " "never need this tool, but when the need arises, metaclasses can provide " "powerful, elegant solutions. They have been used for logging attribute " "access, adding thread-safety, tracking object creation, implementing " "singletons, and many other tasks." msgstr "" msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`metaclasses`." msgstr "" msgid "method" msgstr "metoda" msgid "" "A function which is defined inside a class body. If called as an attribute " "of an instance of that class, the method will get the instance object as its " "first :term:`argument` (which is usually called ``self``). See :term:" "`function` and :term:`nested scope`." msgstr "" msgid "method resolution order" msgstr "" msgid "" "Method Resolution Order is the order in which base classes are searched for " "a member during lookup. See :ref:`python_2.3_mro` for details of the " "algorithm used by the Python interpreter since the 2.3 release." msgstr "" msgid "module" msgstr "moduł" msgid "" "An object that serves as an organizational unit of Python code. Modules " "have a namespace containing arbitrary Python objects. Modules are loaded " "into Python by the process of :term:`importing`." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`package`." msgstr "" msgid "module spec" msgstr "" msgid "" "A namespace containing the import-related information used to load a module. " "An instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`." msgstr "" msgid "See also :ref:`module-specs`." msgstr "" msgid "MRO" msgstr "MRO" msgid "See :term:`method resolution order`." msgstr "" msgid "mutable" msgstr "" msgid "" "An :term:`object` with state that is allowed to change during the course of " "the program. In multi-threaded programs, mutable objects that are shared " "between threads require careful synchronization to avoid :term:`race " "conditions `. See also :term:`immutable`, :term:`thread-" "safe`, and :term:`concurrent modification`." msgstr "" msgid "named tuple" msgstr "nazwana krotka" msgid "" "The term \"named tuple\" applies to any type or class that inherits from " "tuple and whose indexable elements are also accessible using named " "attributes. The type or class may have other features as well." msgstr "" msgid "" "Several built-in types are named tuples, including the values returned by :" "func:`time.localtime` and :func:`os.stat`. Another example is :data:`sys." "float_info`::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> sys.float_info[1] # indexed access\n" "1024\n" ">>> sys.float_info.max_exp # named field access\n" "1024\n" ">>> isinstance(sys.float_info, tuple) # kind of tuple\n" "True" msgstr "" msgid "" "Some named tuples are built-in types (such as the above examples). " "Alternatively, a named tuple can be created from a regular class definition " "that inherits from :class:`tuple` and that defines named fields. Such a " "class can be written by hand, or it can be created by inheriting :class:" "`typing.NamedTuple`, or with the factory function :func:`collections." "namedtuple`. The latter techniques also add some extra methods that may not " "be found in hand-written or built-in named tuples." msgstr "" msgid "namespace" msgstr "" msgid "" "The place where a variable is stored. Namespaces are implemented as " "dictionaries. There are the local, global and built-in namespaces as well " "as nested namespaces in objects (in methods). Namespaces support modularity " "by preventing naming conflicts. For instance, the functions :func:`builtins." "open <.open>` and :func:`os.open` are distinguished by their namespaces. " "Namespaces also aid readability and maintainability by making it clear which " "module implements a function. For instance, writing :func:`random.seed` or :" "func:`itertools.islice` makes it clear that those functions are implemented " "by the :mod:`random` and :mod:`itertools` modules, respectively." msgstr "" msgid "namespace package" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`package` which serves only as a container for subpackages. " "Namespace packages may have no physical representation, and specifically are " "not like a :term:`regular package` because they have no ``__init__.py`` file." msgstr "" msgid "" "Namespace packages allow several individually installable packages to have a " "common parent package. Otherwise, it is recommended to use a :term:`regular " "package`." msgstr "" msgid "" "For more information, see :pep:`420` and :ref:`reference-namespace-package`." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`module`." msgstr "" msgid "native code" msgstr "" msgid "" "Code that is compiled to machine instructions and runs directly on the " "processor, as opposed to code that is interpreted or runs in a virtual " "machine. In the context of Python, native code typically refers to C, C++, " "Rust or Fortran code in :term:`extension modules ` that " "can be called from Python. See also :term:`extension module`." msgstr "" msgid "nested scope" msgstr "" msgid "" "The ability to refer to a variable in an enclosing definition. For " "instance, a function defined inside another function can refer to variables " "in the outer function. Note that nested scopes by default work only for " "reference and not for assignment. Local variables both read and write in " "the innermost scope. Likewise, global variables read and write to the " "global namespace. The :keyword:`nonlocal` allows writing to outer scopes." msgstr "" msgid "new-style class" msgstr "" msgid "" "Old name for the flavor of classes now used for all class objects. In " "earlier Python versions, only new-style classes could use Python's newer, " "versatile features like :attr:`~object.__slots__`, descriptors, properties, :" "meth:`~object.__getattribute__`, class methods, and static methods." msgstr "" msgid "non-deterministic" msgstr "" msgid "" "Behavior where the outcome of a program can vary between executions with the " "same inputs. In multi-threaded programs, non-deterministic behavior often " "results from :term:`race conditions ` where the relative " "timing or interleaving of threads affects the result. Proper synchronization " "using :term:`locks ` and other :term:`synchronization primitives " "` helps ensure deterministic behavior." msgstr "" msgid "object" msgstr "obiekt" msgid "" "Any data with state (attributes or value) and defined behavior (methods). " "Also the ultimate base class of any :term:`new-style class`." msgstr "" msgid "optimized scope" msgstr "" msgid "" "A scope where target local variable names are reliably known to the compiler " "when the code is compiled, allowing optimization of read and write access to " "these names. The local namespaces for functions, generators, coroutines, " "comprehensions, and generator expressions are optimized in this fashion. " "Note: most interpreter optimizations are applied to all scopes, only those " "relying on a known set of local and nonlocal variable names are restricted " "to optimized scopes." msgstr "" msgid "optional module" msgstr "" msgid "" "An :term:`extension module` that is part of the :term:`standard library`, " "but may be absent in some builds of :term:`CPython`, usually due to missing " "third-party libraries or because the module is not available for a given " "platform." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :ref:`optional-module-requirements` for a list of optional modules that " "require third-party libraries." msgstr "" msgid "package" msgstr "pakiet" msgid "" "A Python :term:`module` which can contain submodules or recursively, " "subpackages. Technically, a package is a Python module with a ``__path__`` " "attribute." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`regular package` and :term:`namespace package`." msgstr "" msgid "parallelism" msgstr "" msgid "" "Executing multiple operations at the same time (e.g. on multiple CPU " "cores). In Python builds with the :term:`global interpreter lock (GIL) " "`, only one thread runs Python bytecode at a time, " "so taking advantage of multiple CPU cores typically involves multiple " "processes (e.g. :mod:`multiprocessing`) or native extensions that release " "the GIL. In :term:`free-threaded ` Python, multiple Python " "threads can run Python code simultaneously on different cores." msgstr "" msgid "parameter" msgstr "" msgid "" "A named entity in a :term:`function` (or method) definition that specifies " "an :term:`argument` (or in some cases, arguments) that the function can " "accept. There are five kinds of parameter:" msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`: specifies an argument that can be passed " "either :term:`positionally ` or as a :term:`keyword argument " "`. This is the default kind of parameter, for example *foo* and " "*bar* in the following::" msgstr "" msgid "def func(foo, bar=None): ..." msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`positional-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by " "position. Positional-only parameters can be defined by including a ``/`` " "character in the parameter list of the function definition after them, for " "example *posonly1* and *posonly2* in the following::" msgstr "" msgid "def func(posonly1, posonly2, /, positional_or_keyword): ..." msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`keyword-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by " "keyword. Keyword-only parameters can be defined by including a single var-" "positional parameter or bare ``*`` in the parameter list of the function " "definition before them, for example *kw_only1* and *kw_only2* in the " "following::" msgstr "" msgid "def func(arg, *, kw_only1, kw_only2): ..." msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`var-positional`: specifies that an arbitrary sequence of positional " "arguments can be provided (in addition to any positional arguments already " "accepted by other parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by " "prepending the parameter name with ``*``, for example *args* in the " "following::" msgstr "" msgid "def func(*args, **kwargs): ..." msgstr "" msgid "" ":dfn:`var-keyword`: specifies that arbitrarily many keyword arguments can be " "provided (in addition to any keyword arguments already accepted by other " "parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter " "name with ``**``, for example *kwargs* in the example above." msgstr "" msgid "" "Parameters can specify both optional and required arguments, as well as " "default values for some optional arguments." msgstr "" msgid "" "See also the :term:`argument` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the " "difference between arguments and parameters `, " "the :class:`inspect.Parameter` class, the :ref:`function` section, and :pep:" "`362`." msgstr "" msgid "per-object lock" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`lock` associated with an individual object instance rather than a " "global lock shared across all objects. In :term:`free-threaded ` Python, built-in types like :class:`dict` and :class:`list` use " "per-object locks to allow concurrent operations on different objects while " "serializing operations on the same object. Operations that hold the per-" "object lock prevent other locking operations on the same object from " "proceeding, but do not block :term:`lock-free` operations." msgstr "" msgid "path entry" msgstr "" msgid "" "A single location on the :term:`import path` which the :term:`path based " "finder` consults to find modules for importing." msgstr "" msgid "path entry finder" msgstr "" msgid "" "A :term:`finder` returned by a callable on :data:`sys.path_hooks` (i.e. a :" "term:`path entry hook`) which knows how to locate modules given a :term:" "`path entry`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` for the methods that path entry " "finders implement." msgstr "" msgid "path entry hook" msgstr "" msgid "" "A callable on the :data:`sys.path_hooks` list which returns a :term:`path " "entry finder` if it knows how to find modules on a specific :term:`path " "entry`." msgstr "" msgid "path based finder" msgstr "" msgid "" "One of the default :term:`meta path finders ` which " "searches an :term:`import path` for modules." msgstr "" msgid "path-like object" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object representing a file system path. A path-like object is either a :" "class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object representing a path, or an object " "implementing the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol. An object that supports the :" "class:`os.PathLike` protocol can be converted to a :class:`str` or :class:" "`bytes` file system path by calling the :func:`os.fspath` function; :func:" "`os.fsdecode` and :func:`os.fsencode` can be used to guarantee a :class:" "`str` or :class:`bytes` result instead, respectively. Introduced by :pep:" "`519`." msgstr "" msgid "PEP" msgstr "PEP" msgid "" "Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing " "information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python " "or its processes or environment. PEPs should provide a concise technical " "specification and a rationale for proposed features." msgstr "" msgid "" "PEPs are intended to be the primary mechanisms for proposing major new " "features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting " "the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is " "responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting " "dissenting opinions." msgstr "" msgid "See :pep:`1`." msgstr "Zob. :pep:`1`." msgid "portion" msgstr "część" msgid "" "A set of files in a single directory (possibly stored in a zip file) that " "contribute to a namespace package, as defined in :pep:`420`." msgstr "" msgid "positional argument" msgstr "" msgid "provisional API" msgstr "" msgid "" "A provisional API is one which has been deliberately excluded from the " "standard library's backwards compatibility guarantees. While major changes " "to such interfaces are not expected, as long as they are marked provisional, " "backwards incompatible changes (up to and including removal of the " "interface) may occur if deemed necessary by core developers. Such changes " "will not be made gratuitously -- they will occur only if serious fundamental " "flaws are uncovered that were missed prior to the inclusion of the API." msgstr "" msgid "" "Even for provisional APIs, backwards incompatible changes are seen as a " "\"solution of last resort\" - every attempt will still be made to find a " "backwards compatible resolution to any identified problems." msgstr "" msgid "" "This process allows the standard library to continue to evolve over time, " "without locking in problematic design errors for extended periods of time. " "See :pep:`411` for more details." msgstr "" msgid "provisional package" msgstr "" msgid "See :term:`provisional API`." msgstr "" msgid "Python 3000" msgstr "Python 3000" msgid "" "Nickname for the Python 3.x release line (coined long ago when the release " "of version 3 was something in the distant future.) This is also abbreviated " "\"Py3k\"." msgstr "" msgid "Pythonic" msgstr "Pythoniczny" msgid "" "An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the " "Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to " "other languages. For example, a common idiom in Python is to loop over all " "elements of an iterable using a :keyword:`for` statement. Many other " "languages don't have this type of construct, so people unfamiliar with " "Python sometimes use a numerical counter instead::" msgstr "" msgid "" "for i in range(len(food)):\n" " print(food[i])" msgstr "" msgid "As opposed to the cleaner, Pythonic method::" msgstr "" msgid "" "for piece in food:\n" " print(piece)" msgstr "" msgid "qualified name" msgstr "" msgid "" "A dotted name showing the \"path\" from a module's global scope to a class, " "function or method defined in that module, as defined in :pep:`3155`. For " "top-level functions and classes, the qualified name is the same as the " "object's name::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> class C:\n" "... class D:\n" "... def meth(self):\n" "... pass\n" "...\n" ">>> C.__qualname__\n" "'C'\n" ">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" "'C.D'\n" ">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" "'C.D.meth'" msgstr "" ">>> class C:\n" "... class D:\n" "... def meth(self):\n" "... pass\n" "...\n" ">>> C.__qualname__\n" "'C'\n" ">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" "'C.D'\n" ">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" "'C.D.meth'" msgid "" "When used to refer to modules, the *fully qualified name* means the entire " "dotted path to the module, including any parent packages, e.g. ``email.mime." "text``::" msgstr "" msgid "" ">>> import email.mime.text\n" ">>> email.mime.text.__name__\n" "'email.mime.text'" msgstr "" ">>> import email.mime.text\n" ">>> email.mime.text.__name__\n" "'email.mime.text'" msgid "race condition" msgstr "" msgid "" "A condition of a program where the behavior depends on the relative timing " "or ordering of events, particularly in multi-threaded programs. Race " "conditions can lead to :term:`non-deterministic` behavior and bugs that are " "difficult to reproduce. A :term:`data race` is a specific type of race " "condition involving unsynchronized access to shared memory. The :term:" "`LBYL` coding style is particularly susceptible to race conditions in multi-" "threaded code. Using :term:`locks ` and other :term:`synchronization " "primitives ` helps prevent race conditions." msgstr "" msgid "reference count" msgstr "" msgid "" "The number of references to an object. When the reference count of an " "object drops to zero, it is deallocated. Some objects are :term:`immortal` " "and have reference counts that are never modified, and therefore the objects " "are never deallocated. Reference counting is generally not visible to " "Python code, but it is a key element of the :term:`CPython` implementation. " "Programmers can call the :func:`sys.getrefcount` function to return the " "reference count for a particular object." msgstr "" msgid "" "In :term:`CPython`, reference counts are not considered to be stable or well-" "defined values; the number of references to an object, and how that number " "is affected by Python code, may be different between versions." msgstr "" msgid "regular package" msgstr "" msgid "" "A traditional :term:`package`, such as a directory containing an ``__init__." "py`` file." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`namespace package`." msgstr "" msgid "reentrant" msgstr "" msgid "" "A property of a function or :term:`lock` that allows it to be called or " "acquired multiple times by the same thread without causing errors or a :term:" "`deadlock`." msgstr "" msgid "" "For functions, reentrancy means the function can be safely called again " "before a previous invocation has completed, which is important when " "functions may be called recursively or from signal handlers. Thread-unsafe " "functions may be :term:`non-deterministic` if they're called reentrantly in " "a multithreaded program." msgstr "" msgid "" "For locks, Python's :class:`threading.RLock` (reentrant lock) is reentrant, " "meaning a thread that already holds the lock can acquire it again without " "blocking. In contrast, :class:`threading.Lock` is not reentrant - " "attempting to acquire it twice from the same thread will cause a deadlock." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`lock` and :term:`deadlock`." msgstr "" msgid "REPL" msgstr "REPL" msgid "" "An acronym for the \"read–eval–print loop\", another name for the :term:" "`interactive` interpreter shell." msgstr "" msgid "__slots__" msgstr "__slots__" msgid "" "A declaration inside a class that saves memory by pre-declaring space for " "instance attributes and eliminating instance dictionaries. Though popular, " "the technique is somewhat tricky to get right and is best reserved for rare " "cases where there are large numbers of instances in a memory-critical " "application." msgstr "" msgid "sequence" msgstr "sekwencja" msgid "" "An :term:`iterable` which supports efficient element access using integer " "indices via the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` special method and defines a :" "meth:`~object.__len__` method that returns the length of the sequence. Some " "built-in sequence types are :class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple`, " "and :class:`bytes`. Note that :class:`dict` also supports :meth:`~object." "__getitem__` and :meth:`!__len__`, but is considered a mapping rather than a " "sequence because the lookups use arbitrary :term:`hashable` keys rather than " "integers." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` abstract base class defines a much " "richer interface that goes beyond just :meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:" "`~object.__len__`, adding :meth:`~sequence.count`, :meth:`~sequence.index`, :" "meth:`~object.__contains__`, and :meth:`~object.__reversed__`. Types that " "implement this expanded interface can be registered explicitly using :func:" "`~abc.ABCMeta.register`. For more documentation on sequence methods " "generally, see :ref:`Common Sequence Operations `." msgstr "" msgid "set comprehension" msgstr "" msgid "" "A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and " "return a set with the results. ``results = {c for c in 'abracadabra' if c " "not in 'abc'}`` generates the set of strings ``{'r', 'd'}``. See :ref:" "`comprehensions`." msgstr "" msgid "single dispatch" msgstr "" msgid "" "A form of :term:`generic function` dispatch where the implementation is " "chosen based on the type of a single argument." msgstr "" msgid "slice" msgstr "" msgid "" "An object of type :class:`slice`, used to describe a portion of a :term:" "`sequence`. A slice object is created when using the :ref:`slicing " "` form of :ref:`subscript notation `, with colons " "inside square brackets, such as in ``variable_name[1:3:5]``." msgstr "" msgid "soft deprecated" msgstr "" msgid "" "A soft deprecated API should not be used in new code, but it is safe for " "already existing code to use it. The API remains documented and tested, but " "will not be enhanced further." msgstr "" msgid "" "Soft deprecation, unlike normal deprecation, does not plan on removing the " "API and will not emit warnings." msgstr "" msgid "" "See `PEP 387: Soft Deprecation `_." msgstr "" msgid "special method" msgstr "" msgid "" "A method that is called implicitly by Python to execute a certain operation " "on a type, such as addition. Such methods have names starting and ending " "with double underscores. Special methods are documented in :ref:" "`specialnames`." msgstr "" msgid "standard library" msgstr "" msgid "" "The collection of :term:`packages `, :term:`modules ` and :" "term:`extension modules ` distributed as a part of the " "official Python interpreter package. The exact membership of the collection " "may vary based on platform, available system libraries, or other criteria. " "Documentation can be found at :ref:`library-index`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See also :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` for a list of all possible standard " "library module names." msgstr "" msgid "statement" msgstr "instrukcja" msgid "" "A statement is part of a suite (a \"block\" of code). A statement is either " "an :term:`expression` or one of several constructs with a keyword, such as :" "keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` or :keyword:`for`." msgstr "" msgid "static type checker" msgstr "" msgid "" "An external tool that reads Python code and analyzes it, looking for issues " "such as incorrect types. See also :term:`type hints ` and the :" "mod:`typing` module." msgstr "" msgid "stdlib" msgstr "" msgid "An abbreviation of :term:`standard library`." msgstr "" msgid "strong reference" msgstr "" msgid "" "In Python's C API, a strong reference is a reference to an object which is " "owned by the code holding the reference. The strong reference is taken by " "calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` when the reference is created and released with :" "c:func:`Py_DECREF` when the reference is deleted." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a strong reference to " "an object. Usually, the :c:func:`Py_DECREF` function must be called on the " "strong reference before exiting the scope of the strong reference, to avoid " "leaking one reference." msgstr "" msgid "See also :term:`borrowed reference`." msgstr "" msgid "subscript" msgstr "" msgid "" "The expression in square brackets of a :ref:`subscription expression " "`, for example, the ``3`` in ``items[3]``. Usually used to " "select an element of a container. Also called a :term:`key` when " "subscripting a :term:`mapping`, or an :term:`index` when subscripting a :" "term:`sequence`." msgstr "" msgid "synchronization primitive" msgstr "" msgid "" "A basic building block for coordinating (synchronizing) the execution of " "multiple threads to ensure :term:`thread-safe` access to shared resources. " "Python's :mod:`threading` module provides several synchronization primitives " "including :class:`~threading.Lock`, :class:`~threading.RLock`, :class:" "`~threading.Semaphore`, :class:`~threading.Condition`, :class:`~threading." "Event`, and :class:`~threading.Barrier`. Additionally, the :mod:`queue` " "module provides multi-producer, multi-consumer queues that are especially " "useful in multithreaded programs. These primitives help prevent :term:`race " "conditions ` and coordinate thread execution. See also :" "term:`lock`." msgstr "" msgid "t-string" msgstr "" msgid "t-strings" msgstr "" msgid "" "String literals prefixed with ``t`` or ``T`` are commonly called \"t-" "strings\" which is short for :ref:`template string literals `." msgstr "" msgid "text encoding" msgstr "kodowanie tekstu" msgid "" "A string in Python is a sequence of Unicode code points (in range " "``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF``). To store or transfer a string, it needs to be " "serialized as a sequence of bytes." msgstr "" msgid "" "Serializing a string into a sequence of bytes is known as \"encoding\", and " "recreating the string from the sequence of bytes is known as \"decoding\"." msgstr "" msgid "" "There are a variety of different text serialization :ref:`codecs `, which are collectively referred to as \"text encodings\"." msgstr "" "Istnieje wiele różnych serializacji tekstu :ref:`codecs `, które są zbiorczo określane jako \"kodowanie tekstu\"." msgid "text file" msgstr "plik tekstowy" msgid "" "A :term:`file object` able to read and write :class:`str` objects. Often, a " "text file actually accesses a byte-oriented datastream and handles the :term:" "`text encoding` automatically. Examples of text files are files opened in " "text mode (``'r'`` or ``'w'``), :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, and " "instances of :class:`io.StringIO`." msgstr "" ":term:`Obiekt pliku ` może odczytywać i zapisywać obiekty :" "class:`str`. Często plik tekstowy faktycznie uzyskuje dostęp do strumienia " "danych zorientowanego na bajty i automatycznie obsługuje :term:`kodowanie " "tekstu `. Przykładami plików tekstowych są pliki otwierane w " "trybie tekstowym (``'r'`` lub ``'w'``), :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys." "stdout` i instancje :class:`io.StringIO`." msgid "" "See also :term:`binary file` for a file object able to read and write :term:" "`bytes-like objects `." msgstr "" msgid "thread state" msgstr "" msgid "" "The information used by the :term:`CPython` runtime to run in an OS thread. " "For example, this includes the current exception, if any, and the state of " "the bytecode interpreter." msgstr "" msgid "" "Each thread state is bound to a single OS thread, but threads may have many " "thread states available. At most, one of them may be :term:`attached " "` at once." msgstr "" msgid "" "An :term:`attached thread state` is required to call most of Python's C API, " "unless a function explicitly documents otherwise. The bytecode interpreter " "only runs under an attached thread state." msgstr "" msgid "" "Each thread state belongs to a single interpreter, but each interpreter may " "have many thread states, including multiple for the same OS thread. Thread " "states from multiple interpreters may be bound to the same thread, but only " "one can be :term:`attached ` in that thread at any " "given moment." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :ref:`Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock ` for more " "information." msgstr "" msgid "thread-safe" msgstr "" msgid "" "A module, function, or class that behaves correctly when used by multiple " "threads concurrently. Thread-safe code uses appropriate :term:" "`synchronization primitives ` like :term:`locks " "` to protect shared mutable state, or is designed to avoid shared " "mutable state entirely. In the :term:`free-threaded ` " "build, built-in types like :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`set` " "use internal locking to make many operations thread-safe, although thread " "safety is not necessarily guaranteed. Code that is not thread-safe may " "experience :term:`race conditions ` and :term:`data races " "` when used in multi-threaded programs." msgstr "" msgid "token" msgstr "" msgid "" "A small unit of source code, generated by the :ref:`lexical analyzer " "` (also called the *tokenizer*). Names, numbers, strings, " "operators, newlines and similar are represented by tokens." msgstr "" msgid "" "The :mod:`tokenize` module exposes Python's lexical analyzer. The :mod:" "`token` module contains information on the various types of tokens." msgstr "" msgid "triple-quoted string" msgstr "" msgid "" "A string which is bound by three instances of either a quotation mark (\") " "or an apostrophe ('). While they don't provide any functionality not " "available with single-quoted strings, they are useful for a number of " "reasons. They allow you to include unescaped single and double quotes " "within a string and they can span multiple lines without the use of the " "continuation character, making them especially useful when writing " "docstrings." msgstr "" msgid "type" msgstr "typ" msgid "" "The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every " "object has a type. An object's type is accessible as its :attr:`~object." "__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with ``type(obj)``." msgstr "" msgid "type alias" msgstr "" msgid "A synonym for a type, created by assigning the type to an identifier." msgstr "" msgid "" "Type aliases are useful for simplifying :term:`type hints `. For " "example::" msgstr "" msgid "" "def remove_gray_shades(\n" " colors: list[tuple[int, int, int]]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:\n" " pass" msgstr "" msgid "could be made more readable like this::" msgstr "" msgid "" "Color = tuple[int, int, int]\n" "\n" "def remove_gray_shades(colors: list[Color]) -> list[Color]:\n" " pass" msgstr "" msgid "See :mod:`typing` and :pep:`484`, which describe this functionality." msgstr "" msgid "type hint" msgstr "" msgid "" "An :term:`annotation` that specifies the expected type for a variable, a " "class attribute, or a function parameter or return value." msgstr "" msgid "" "Type hints are optional and are not enforced by Python but they are useful " "to :term:`static type checkers `. They can also aid " "IDEs with code completion and refactoring." msgstr "" msgid "" "Type hints of global variables, class attributes, and functions, but not " "local variables, can be accessed using :func:`typing.get_type_hints`." msgstr "" msgid "universal newlines" msgstr "uniwersalne nowe linie" msgid "" "A manner of interpreting text streams in which all of the following are " "recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention ``'\\n'``, the " "Windows convention ``'\\r\\n'``, and the old Macintosh convention " "``'\\r'``. See :pep:`278` and :pep:`3116`, as well as :func:`bytes." "splitlines` for an additional use." msgstr "" msgid "variable annotation" msgstr "" msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a variable or a class attribute." msgstr "" msgid "" "When annotating a variable or a class attribute, assignment is optional::" msgstr "" msgid "" "class C:\n" " field: 'annotation'" msgstr "" msgid "" "Variable annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints `: " "for example this variable is expected to take :class:`int` values::" msgstr "" msgid "count: int = 0" msgstr "" msgid "Variable annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`annassign`." msgstr "" msgid "" "See :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`, which describe " "this functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on " "working with annotations." msgstr "" msgid "virtual environment" msgstr "" msgid "" "A cooperatively isolated runtime environment that allows Python users and " "applications to install and upgrade Python distribution packages without " "interfering with the behaviour of other Python applications running on the " "same system." msgstr "" msgid "See also :mod:`venv`." msgstr "" msgid "virtual machine" msgstr "" msgid "" "A computer defined entirely in software. Python's virtual machine executes " "the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler." msgstr "" msgid "walrus operator" msgstr "" msgid "" "A light-hearted way to refer to the :ref:`assignment expression ` operator ``:=`` because it looks a bit like a walrus if you " "turn your head." msgstr "" msgid "Zen of Python" msgstr "" msgid "" "Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in " "understanding and using the language. The listing can be found by typing " "\"``import this``\" at the interactive prompt." msgstr "" msgid "..." msgstr "..." msgid "ellipsis literal" msgstr "Literalny zapis wielokropka" msgid "C-contiguous" msgstr "" msgid "Fortran contiguous" msgstr "" msgid "magic" msgstr "magia" msgid "special" msgstr "specjalne"